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presentation source
presentation source

... The Rescue Beat Is Located In The Ventricles, Then It Is A Ventricular Pacemaker That Is Activated To Rescue The Heart ...
ADULTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: A GROWING
ADULTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: A GROWING

... So how do we explain the changing prevalence in this adult congenital patient population? Well many of us believe that it’s multifactorial in etiology as there’s been a changing birth prevalence rates related to advancing maternal age or perhaps even medication exposure during the first trimester. O ...
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 4th ed. Lilley/Harrington
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 4th ed. Lilley/Harrington

... The heart is unable to pump blood in sufficient amounts from the ventricles to meet the body’s metabolic needs Symptoms depend on the cardiac area affected ...
Management of Aortic Valve Disease: Review
Management of Aortic Valve Disease: Review

... during diastole, β-blockers are contraindicated as they can prolong diastole. Similarly, an intra-aortic balloon pump exerts its actions by inflating during cardiac diastole, exacerbating aortic insufficiency, and it is also contraindicated. There is no evidence to suggest that this patient has an a ...
Pulmonary Blood Flow and Venous Return During
Pulmonary Blood Flow and Venous Return During

... Preoperative Determination of the Severity and Site of Uncomplicated Pulmonary Stenosis Catheterization studies of 12 patients with uncomplicated pulmonary stenosis confirm previous work that this lesion does not cause significant hemodynamie changes at rest or moderate exercise unless the size of t ...
design and subjects - Nnamdi Azikiwe University
design and subjects - Nnamdi Azikiwe University

... Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition that increases maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. It is diagnosed based on a triad of hypertension, significant proteinuria and rapidly increasing oedema during gestation (Ganiyu et al., 2006) Most women with the condition are symptom free, a ...
PDF file - Nowotwory
PDF file - Nowotwory

... in the setting of compromised renal function. The ECG manifestation of hyperkalemia depends on serum K+ level. At 5.5–7.0 mmol/L K+, tall peaked, narrow-based T waves are seen. At > 10.0 mmol/L K+, sinus arrest, marked intraventricular conduction delay, ventricular techycardia, and ventricular fibri ...


... fell by 7.4 / 5.8 coronary events in people who are more physmm Hg ically active4 and fit.5 More recent studies provide similar data using measures of exercise capacity such as treadmill performance as an indicator of habitual physical activity. • The temporal sequence is appropriate: in prospective ...
relationship of echocardiographic geometry of left ventricular
relationship of echocardiographic geometry of left ventricular

... Heart Institute - St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines This study aimed to search for the ECG characteristics of echocardiographic concentric and eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) . The echocardiographic geometry of LVH in patients with cardiovascular disease has prognostic ...
Non-Invasive Transcutaneous Pacing
Non-Invasive Transcutaneous Pacing

... failure, idioventricular bradycardias, symptomatic atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response, refractory bradycardia during resuscitation of hypovolemic shock, and bradyarrhythmias with malignant ventricular escape mechanisms. b. PEA indicates pulseless electrical activity; AMI, acute myoca ...
Correlations Between Redox-State Potential Changes in Different
Correlations Between Redox-State Potential Changes in Different

... the factors change in favour of the oscillatory phenomenon. It is a peculiar fact that the heart and smooth muscle tissues of the alimentary tract, which have autorhythmicity capacities, show relatively low redox-state potential (Puppi et al. 1976). This primordially lower level may be due a.o. to t ...
Conducting tissue of the heart in kwashiorkor
Conducting tissue of the heart in kwashiorkor

... Wharton et al. (i969) examined the myotardium histologically in 5 cases of kwashiorkor, and in 2 found areas of patchy necrosis in the papillary muscles and subendocardially. In case in the present series myocytolysis is involving the left bundle-branch as it lies under tSke endocardium, but no area ...
Conducting tissue of the heart in kwashiorkor - Heart
Conducting tissue of the heart in kwashiorkor - Heart

... Wharton et al. (i969) examined the myotardium histologically in 5 cases of kwashiorkor, and in 2 found areas of patchy necrosis in the papillary muscles and subendocardially. In case in the present series myocytolysis is involving the left bundle-branch as it lies under tSke endocardium, but no area ...
Understanding autonomic sympathovagal balance from short
Understanding autonomic sympathovagal balance from short

... by an oscillatory pattern with a period of 10 s. This rhythm originates from self-oscillation in the vasomotor part of the baroreflex loop as a result of negative feedback [47] and it is commonly associated with synchronous fluctuations in blood pressure, the so-called Mayer waves. Muscarinic and b- ...
Double Switch Operation for Failing Systemic Ventricle
Double Switch Operation for Failing Systemic Ventricle

Atrioventricular node ablation: patient monitoring and pacing rate
Atrioventricular node ablation: patient monitoring and pacing rate

... pacing during 1 week associated with in-hospital monitoring for 3 days, which has shown efficient in significantly decreasing the occurrence of post-procedural malignant ventricular arrhythmias.2 Thus, 1 week should be the minimal time period for higher pacing rate after AVN ablation, although many ...
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever

... Collection of the Museum of Pathology; 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University ...
PROCEDURE` or interpreted, partly because there is
PROCEDURE` or interpreted, partly because there is

... must be obtained by multiple sampling from the right ventricle; in cases with ventricular septal defect, from the right auricle; and in cases of auricular defect, from the vena cava. Since true mixing becomes progressively poorer in this sequence, errors in the application of the Fick principle of b ...
Echocardiographic assessment of systemic cardiac
Echocardiographic assessment of systemic cardiac

... The intracardiac pathophysiology of PAIVS has been studied by several authors in different times, but the analysis of its impact on the left ventricle and major circulation has been repeatedly neglected4,5. The characterization of the left ventricle as a recipient of total circulation is not an isol ...
Idiopathic atrial fibrillation: a rose by any other name?
Idiopathic atrial fibrillation: a rose by any other name?

... problems are found swirling around the apparent need to exclude a history of, or the presence of, hypertension again because of the strong association between hypertension and AF.4 The absence of hypertension in 1971 is not the same as the absence of hypertension in 2011. The definition of hypertens ...
Hemodynamic Monitoring - respiratorytherapyfiles.net
Hemodynamic Monitoring - respiratorytherapyfiles.net

File - Respiratory Therapy Files
File - Respiratory Therapy Files

...  Infection • Ischemia secondary to embolism, thrombus, or arterial spasm evidenced by pallor distal to the insertion site and usually accompanies by pain and paresthesis • Hemorrhage if disconnect or open stop cock • Infection as with all invasive lines, risk increases dramatically after 4 days • F ...
PDF file - Kardiologia Polska
PDF file - Kardiologia Polska

... JTd and TDR increases the risk of the development of malignant ventricular arrhythmias, probably via two mechanisms: firstly by facilitating the transmural propagation early after depolarisation; secondly causing intramural functional conduction blocks that predispose to re-entrant polymorphic ventr ...
Newsletter - CBAC - Washington University in St. Louis
Newsletter - CBAC - Washington University in St. Louis

... academic year [the CBAC Fall 2006 seminar schedule is listed on Page 8]. If you would like a printed copy of either the CBAC brochure, or current or past issues of the CBAC Newsletter, please email Jennifer Godwin-Wyer at with your name and mailing address. ...
Fate of Fresh Autologous Pericardium as Cardiovascular implant
Fate of Fresh Autologous Pericardium as Cardiovascular implant

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Myocardial infarction



Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.
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