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What are non-communicable diseases?
What are non-communicable diseases?

Heart Disease - Hospice of the Shoals
Heart Disease - Hospice of the Shoals

... (check all that apply) 1. At the time of initial certification or re-certification for Hospice ___Patient is being treated optimally with diuretics and vasodilators ___ACE inhibitors ___hydralazine ___nitrates *If patients can’t tolerate the use of ACE Inhibitors, the physician must document why in ...
lesson8_fa03
lesson8_fa03

... Local vasospasm of the small arteries • secondary to systemic diseases • Scleroderma, pulmonary hypertension, malignancy ...
Which of the following does NOT demonstrate the
Which of the following does NOT demonstrate the

... blood vessel receptors relay resistance to blood flow to the brain, which lowers heart rate ...
1. Which is the most important factor in after
1. Which is the most important factor in after

... 15. Which one of the following features favors the diagnosis of CML rather than CLL A.Slow progression of disease B.Poly-symptoms C.Markedly enlarged lymph nodes D.Markedly enlarged spleen E.Prone to infection 16. Which one of the following description is not appropriate for lymphoma? A.Malignancy ...
Issue 1
Issue 1

... Look up and find two people. Chances are, one out of the three of you has high blood pressure (1 in 3 adults age 18 and over have hypertension). But why should you care? Hypertension makes your heart work harder, pushing blood through your body with excessive force that can damage blood vessels, kid ...
Blood Pressure ppt
Blood Pressure ppt

... • Last sound – when the sound becomes faint • Measure the force of blood remaining in the arteries during ventricular relaxation • Normal – 60-80 • Normal Blood Pressure – 120 / 80 ...
File
File

... What divides the left and right side of the heart? __________________ Which side is more muscular? __________________ 7. During what event of the cardiac cycle is arterial blood pressure at its highest? 8. Which of the following does not affect blood pressure? a) peripheral resistance b) atrial syst ...
Name - UW Canvas
Name - UW Canvas

...  Cardiac selective beta blockers are indicated in HF as well as drugs which have both alpha1 and beta blocking actions. 3. Is hyperkalemia a potential problem for J. K. given that he is taking Captopril (Capoten)? Why or why not?  Yes, there is a potential risk of hyperkalemia because inhibition o ...
Determinants of systemic blood pressure
Determinants of systemic blood pressure

... infrequent and mild. These include dizziness, palpitations, headache, and lassitude. Some patients develop a positive test for antinuclear factor in serum while on prazosin therapy, but this has not been associated with rheumatic symptoms. The α1 blockers do not adversely and may even beneficially a ...
Measuring BP
Measuring BP

... When the cuff is inflated it is cutting off the blood flow. As the pressure in the cuff is released, blood starts to flow again and it can be heard in the stethoscope. The number at which the blood starts flowing is the measure of the maximum output of the heart (systolic reading). As the pressure ...
Chronic Heart Failure - โรงพยาบาลเชียงรายประชานุเคราะห์
Chronic Heart Failure - โรงพยาบาลเชียงรายประชานุเคราะห์

... prescribed if hypokalaemia persists despite ACE inhibition, or in severe heart failure despite the combination ACE inhibition and low-dose spironolactone • The use of all potassium-sparing diuretics should be monitored by repeated measurements of serum creatinine and potassium ...
Diseases of the Circulatory system
Diseases of the Circulatory system

... Women are more likely than men to have anemia because of the loss of blood each month through menstruation. Iron deficiency anemia is common and in adults is most often due to chronic blood loss. This can be from menstruation or from small amounts of repeated bleeding (which can be very subtle) and ...
High Blood Pressure
High Blood Pressure

... the doctor's office show readings of 140 systolic over 90 diastolic (140/90) or higher. Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. It has been estimated that 20% of Canadians have high blood pressure; and many are not aware of the problem. Of those wh ...
The Circulatory System – Fact Sheet
The Circulatory System – Fact Sheet

... The Circulatory System – Fact Sheet The heart requires its own constant blood supply in order to keep beating and this is delivered through the coronary arteries. Genetic and lifestyle factors can lead to the coronary arteries becoming blocked, and an increased risk of heart disease. ...
Hypertensive emergencies and urgencies.
Hypertensive emergencies and urgencies.

... Weber MA, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE et al. Lancet 2004;363:2047–49. ...
Major Study Calls for Even Tighter Control of High Blood Pressure
Major Study Calls for Even Tighter Control of High Blood Pressure

... Systolic pressure is the top of the two blood pressure numbers and indicates the pressure being placed on blood vessels when the heart beats. "Our results provide important evidence that treating blood pressure to a lower goal in older or high-risk patients can be beneficial and yield better health ...
Cause
Cause

... may appear CALCIUM becomes deposited in the plaque, reducing the ability of the vessel to expand (during exercise) 8.Increased pressure can damage the plaque resulting in a RUPTURE that can completely block the artery – Stroke or Heart Attackl ...
Circulatory System Review Guide
Circulatory System Review Guide

... 2. Where are the different components of blood made? 3. How can white blood cells be an indicator of disease? ...
Heart failure
Heart failure

... convoluted tubules Thiazides are ineffective with GFR < 30 --/min ...
M19 Lesson 11 12.2 HANDOUT
M19 Lesson 11 12.2 HANDOUT

... A sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) placed on an artery in the arm measures blood pressure. Pressure is recorded in mmHg (millimeters of mercury) as systolic over diastolic. The average blood pressure of a healthy young person is below 120 mmHg and over 80 mmHg. Blood pressure is affected by g ...
3. Antihypertensive Drugs
3. Antihypertensive Drugs

... Reduce Na+-Ca2+ exchange in vascular smooth muscle cell (peripheral resistance  ) ...
Drugs for Heart Failure
Drugs for Heart Failure

... inhibitors and beta-blockers. Use low dose and closely monitor potassium. Eplerone (Inspra)- new drug, expensive, less side effects than spironolactone v. General side effects for all- hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcemia (loops) and tachycardia. Two most important ions to maintain normal card ...
diseases of the cardiovascular system - Different Diseases
diseases of the cardiovascular system - Different Diseases

... Narrowing and hardening produced by plaque in the arteries are the causes of atherosclerosis. There are risk factors that include high cholesterol and LDL in the blood, low level of HDL in the blood, hypertension, tobacco smoke, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. ...
Drugs Used in Heart Failure
Drugs Used in Heart Failure

... receptor blockade ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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