• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline
Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline

... A normal response in an apparently healthy subject is a linear increase in SBP as exercise intensity increases. This rise in SBP with increasing dynamic work is a result of increase in cardiac output (1). Cardiac output increase during exercise is a function of (heart rate) HR X (stroke volume) SV. ...
Aaem minimonograph #48: Autonomic nervous system
Aaem minimonograph #48: Autonomic nervous system

... tilt-table, there is a 25–30% shift of venous blood from the central to the peripheral compartment; 50% of the change occurs within seconds. This results in decreased cardiac filling pressures, and the stroke volume is decreased by up to 40%. This decreases afferent activity from the sensory barorec ...
Mechanical Dyssynchrony Precedes QRS Widening in ATPSensitive
Mechanical Dyssynchrony Precedes QRS Widening in ATPSensitive

... stress intolerance has been corroborated in knockout models,7,8 underscoring the vital role of intact channel function in ensuring protection against cardiac maladaptation and decompensation. In response to stress, KATP channel–deficient hearts demonstrate mild to severe cardiomyopathic phenotypes.9, ...
Mechanical Dyssynchrony Precedes QRS Widening in ATPSensitive
Mechanical Dyssynchrony Precedes QRS Widening in ATPSensitive

... stress intolerance has been corroborated in knockout models,7,8 underscoring the vital role of intact channel function in ensuring protection against cardiac maladaptation and decompensation. In response to stress, KATP channel–deficient hearts demonstrate mild to severe cardiomyopathic phenotypes.9, ...
Catheter ablation for AF
Catheter ablation for AF

... symptoms of palpitations, light headedness, breathlessness, chest pain and may even lead to fainting. If these episodes are intermittent then it is termed paroxysmal AFib. In many patients however, the heart is in the irregular rhythm continuously when it may be termed persistent or permanent AFib. ...
Premature Ventricular Contractions
Premature Ventricular Contractions

... ƒ PVCs are ectopic impulses originating from an area distal to the His Purkinje system ƒ Most common ventricular arrhythmia ƒ Significance of PVCs is interpreted in the context of the underlying cardiac condition ƒ Ventricular ectopy leading to ventricular tachycardia (VT), which, in turn, can degen ...
Peripheral Muscle Microcirculatory Alterations in Patients With
Peripheral Muscle Microcirculatory Alterations in Patients With

... near-infrared spectroscopy evaluation, as part of their PAH follow-up in our institution. None of the PAH subjects had history/evidence of thromboembolic pulmonary disease on isotope perfusion scanning of the lungs, or other secondary causes of PAH. All the chronic heart failure subjects were stable ...
AFib Management and the Role of Catheter Ablation
AFib Management and the Role of Catheter Ablation

... Incidence and Prevalence of AFib 1. The population is aging rapidly, increasing the pool ...
Natriuretic peptides and atrial fibrillation
Natriuretic peptides and atrial fibrillation

... cannot rule out the presence of comorbidity which are important to treat to improve patient’s health condition, especially in elderly. It is necessary to know the patient baseline BNP blood level to understand if the patient is improving or worsening from her/his baseline. The elevation of BNP level ...
On The Motion Of The Heart And Blood In Animals, 1628 William
On The Motion Of The Heart And Blood In Animals, 1628 William

... the blood, like those in the veins; that the blood and spirits constitute one body (like whey and butter in milk, or heat in hot water), with which the arteries are charged, and for the distribution of which from the heart they are provided. This body is nothing else than blood. But if this blood be ...
Prescribing Information
Prescribing Information

... Adrenaclick should only be injected into the anterolateral aspect of the thigh. Accidental injection into the hands or feet may result in loss of blood flow to the affected area and should be avoided. DO NOT INJECT INTO BUTTOCK. If there is an accidental injection into these areas, advise the patien ...
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Obese Hypertensives: Is It Really
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Obese Hypertensives: Is It Really

... severe hypertension was characterized by left ventricular cavity enlargement in correlation with increasing BMI values, but without corresponding left ventricular wall thickening. So called left ventricular »eccentricity index«, as the reverse value of relative wall thickness, correlated well (r = 0 ...
Accuracy of Chest Radiography plus Electrocardiogram in
Accuracy of Chest Radiography plus Electrocardiogram in

... Results: The cardiothoracic ratio showed 17% sensitivity for detection of left ventricular hypertrophy, only indicating cardiac alterations at an advanced stage. Frontal plus lateral views showed sensitivity of 52%, which rose to 54% when chest radiography was associated with electrocardiogram. The ...
frequency and clinical outcome in conduction defects in acute
frequency and clinical outcome in conduction defects in acute

... associated with increased mortality and complications. Common conduction defects after acute MI are atrioventricular nodal blocks (1 st, 2nd and 3 rd degree) and intraventricular conduction defects (right or left bundle branch blocks and hemiblocks). In myocardial infarction occlusion of coronary ar ...
Cyanosis
Cyanosis

... Cyanosis can be caused by small amounts of circulating methemoglobin and by even smaller amounts of sulfhemoglobin. Although they are uncommon causes of cyanosis, these abnormal hemoglobin pigments should be sought by spectroscopy(分光镜检查)when cyanosis is not readily explained by malfunction of the c ...
Adenosine in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia: 5 years
Adenosine in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia: 5 years

... caution should be taken in case of atrial flutter, as described above: secondary enhancement of AV nodal conduction following initial AV block seems to be related to sympathetic activation, after which it is perpetuated by the onset of 1:1 conduction. In addition, adenosine causes a reflex increase ...
Role of atrioventricular nodal ablation and pacemaker therapy in
Role of atrioventricular nodal ablation and pacemaker therapy in

... As such, the availability of effective and practical therapies for AF in the elderly patient with multiple comorbidities will be highly important in coming years. The two primary approaches to treatment of AF are therapies aimed at restoring sinus rhythm (rhythm control) and therapies that control t ...
Impedance cardiography: a role in vasovagal syncope diagnosis?
Impedance cardiography: a role in vasovagal syncope diagnosis?

... reductions [10] but none have found acceptance in clinical practice [1–4]. Impedance cardiography (ICG) was initially developed by NASA in the 1960s to remotely monitor cardiac output in its astronauts [11], but in the last decade has attracted much interest in clinical settings as diverse as heart ...
Cigarette Smoking and Coronary Blood Flow
Cigarette Smoking and Coronary Blood Flow

... Complicating the understanding of its noxious effects is the fact that cigarette smoke contains thousands of toxic compounds, the 2 most prominent ones being nicotine and carbon monoxide. Recent research suggests that the main site of toxic effects on the vascular system is the endothelium, and, spe ...
ASSOCIATION OF EARLY REPOLARIZATION WITH RISK OF CARDIAC MORTALITY IN
ASSOCIATION OF EARLY REPOLARIZATION WITH RISK OF CARDIAC MORTALITY IN

... Title. Association of early repolarization pattern with cardiac mortality in the general population. Background. Early repolarization, which is characterized by an elevation of the Jpoint on 12-lead electrocardiography, is a common finding that has been considered as benign for decades. However, in ...
Recent Advances in Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Recent Advances in Management of Atrial Fibrillation

... Hankey, Graeme; Hacke, Werner; MD, PhD; Becker, Richard; Nessel, Christopher; Fox, Keith; MB, ChB; Califf, Robert ...
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging derived quantification of
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging derived quantification of

... containing these variables could be demonstrated. As reported by Bingham and colleagues [19], the combination of several CMR parameters was superior regarding correct risk stratification over preimaging information alone. As the authors of latter manuscript discuss, it is difficult to identify the m ...
Tailored telemonitoring in patients with heart failure
Tailored telemonitoring in patients with heart failure

... Telemonitoring is a promising development of the latter3 which, however, may fail if used in isolation6 or if focusing on vital signs only.7,8 The Health-Buddyw is a telemonitoring system which is patient driven, collecting and providing tailored patient- and disease-specific information. Pilot data ...
Cardiac System - Nursing Education Consultants
Cardiac System - Nursing Education Consultants

... d. Medications taken for the heart or for high blood pressure. B. Physical assessment. 1. What is the general appearance of the client: Is there any evidence of distress? What is the client’s level of orientation and ability to think clearly? 2. Evaluate blood pressure. a. Pulse pressure: the d ...
Cardiovascular System PowerPoint ch 5
Cardiovascular System PowerPoint ch 5

< 1 ... 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 ... 603 >

Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report