Sample Exam Multiple Choice Questions
... 15. Blood vessels close to the surface of the skin that become dialated and knotted are called: a) superficial arteries b) varicose veins c) veinitis d) veinalosis 16. The respiratory disease that is treated using an inhaler is: a) bronchitis b) asthma c) cystic fibrosis d) emphysema 17. The formul ...
... 15. Blood vessels close to the surface of the skin that become dialated and knotted are called: a) superficial arteries b) varicose veins c) veinitis d) veinalosis 16. The respiratory disease that is treated using an inhaler is: a) bronchitis b) asthma c) cystic fibrosis d) emphysema 17. The formul ...
Medical Coverage Policy Non-invasive Measurement of Left
... of payment or a substitute for your medical judgment in the treatment of your patients. Benefits and eligibility are determined by the member's subscriber agreement or member certificate and/or the employer agreement, and those documents will supersede the provisions of this medical policy. For info ...
... of payment or a substitute for your medical judgment in the treatment of your patients. Benefits and eligibility are determined by the member's subscriber agreement or member certificate and/or the employer agreement, and those documents will supersede the provisions of this medical policy. For info ...
The Lymphatic System
... Jugular venous pressure is the vertical distance, measured in cm, between the venous pulsation in the neck and the sternal angle (junction of the second rib with the sternum) when the patient is propped up on pillows at 45 to the horizontal. In this position, the sternal angle marks the level of the ...
... Jugular venous pressure is the vertical distance, measured in cm, between the venous pulsation in the neck and the sternal angle (junction of the second rib with the sternum) when the patient is propped up on pillows at 45 to the horizontal. In this position, the sternal angle marks the level of the ...
Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System
... Indications: moderate HTN, can be used in pregnant women with HTN Side Effects: reflex tachycardia, fluid retention, Lupus like syndrome, peripheral neuritis with long term treatment due to vit. B6 Contraindications: patients with ischemic heart ...
... Indications: moderate HTN, can be used in pregnant women with HTN Side Effects: reflex tachycardia, fluid retention, Lupus like syndrome, peripheral neuritis with long term treatment due to vit. B6 Contraindications: patients with ischemic heart ...
The Lymphatic System
... Jugular venous pressure is the vertical distance, measured in cm, between the venous pulsation in the neck and the sternal angle (junction of the second rib with the sternum) when the patient is propped up on pillows at 45 to the horizontal. In this position, the sternal angle marks the level of the ...
... Jugular venous pressure is the vertical distance, measured in cm, between the venous pulsation in the neck and the sternal angle (junction of the second rib with the sternum) when the patient is propped up on pillows at 45 to the horizontal. In this position, the sternal angle marks the level of the ...
Objectives Cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure (CHF
... Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) are the most effective therapy against life-threatening arrhythmias. Not all patients benefit from CRT, and ICDs are not always needed to deliver therapy. Other patients may need therapy, but are currently not recognized. For these reasons there is a st ...
... Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) are the most effective therapy against life-threatening arrhythmias. Not all patients benefit from CRT, and ICDs are not always needed to deliver therapy. Other patients may need therapy, but are currently not recognized. For these reasons there is a st ...
Preventing cardiovascular disease among Canadians: Is the
... Primary prevention can potentially save lives, and reduce the morbidity and associated costs of treating coronary heart disease and stroke (2,3). Expanding clinical indications, an aging population and multiple drug therapies have resulted in rapidly increasing health care expenditures for the treat ...
... Primary prevention can potentially save lives, and reduce the morbidity and associated costs of treating coronary heart disease and stroke (2,3). Expanding clinical indications, an aging population and multiple drug therapies have resulted in rapidly increasing health care expenditures for the treat ...
Cardiovascular System
... the body. Blood circulates nutrients and oxygen around the body and removes waste. Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood to the heart. Arteries and veins branch out into the smallest blood vessels in the body called capillaries. ...
... the body. Blood circulates nutrients and oxygen around the body and removes waste. Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood to the heart. Arteries and veins branch out into the smallest blood vessels in the body called capillaries. ...
SESSION 10: TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN MAMMALS (HUMANS) 1
... When the ventricles of the heart pump blood into the arteries, the pressure of the blood in the arteries is high. This is called systolic pressure (average 120 mm Hg). When the heart muscle relaxes, the pressure in the arteries is much less. This is called diastolic pressure (average 80 mm Hg). The ...
... When the ventricles of the heart pump blood into the arteries, the pressure of the blood in the arteries is high. This is called systolic pressure (average 120 mm Hg). When the heart muscle relaxes, the pressure in the arteries is much less. This is called diastolic pressure (average 80 mm Hg). The ...
Nutritional Guidelines: How To Eat Clean Food
... arteries of the brain. Less commonly, a blood clot can break off from the carotid artery or a chamber of the heart and travel to the brain, blocking a blood vessel there. The symptoms of these types of strokes are most commonly numbness or weakness in a part of the body (total body weakness is usual ...
... arteries of the brain. Less commonly, a blood clot can break off from the carotid artery or a chamber of the heart and travel to the brain, blocking a blood vessel there. The symptoms of these types of strokes are most commonly numbness or weakness in a part of the body (total body weakness is usual ...
In-hosptial initiation of CVP meds
... • Patients covered include those with established coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease, including peripheral arterial disease, atherosclerotic aortic disease and carotid artery disease • Individuals with sub-clinical atherosclerosis and patients whose only manifestation is diabetes ar ...
... • Patients covered include those with established coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease, including peripheral arterial disease, atherosclerotic aortic disease and carotid artery disease • Individuals with sub-clinical atherosclerosis and patients whose only manifestation is diabetes ar ...
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of
... (spironolactone) is recommended in pt’s •Digoxin (can reduce hospitalizations)(IIa,B) with NYHA class II-IV HF with LVEF of •Omega 3 fatty acid (same caveats as for HFpEF) 35% or less, unless contraindicated, to •Add ARB to ACEI if persistent symptoms (non-African reduce morbidity and mortality, Ame ...
... (spironolactone) is recommended in pt’s •Digoxin (can reduce hospitalizations)(IIa,B) with NYHA class II-IV HF with LVEF of •Omega 3 fatty acid (same caveats as for HFpEF) 35% or less, unless contraindicated, to •Add ARB to ACEI if persistent symptoms (non-African reduce morbidity and mortality, Ame ...
CVS 4 Anti arrhy
... depolarization from the SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje cells • Dysfunction of impulse generation or conduction at any level in the heart can cause an abnormality in ...
... depolarization from the SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje cells • Dysfunction of impulse generation or conduction at any level in the heart can cause an abnormality in ...
Circulatory Systems
... Vertebrate cardiovascular system • Chambered heart – atrium = receive blood – ventricle = pump blood out ...
... Vertebrate cardiovascular system • Chambered heart – atrium = receive blood – ventricle = pump blood out ...
Aortic dissection
... May lead to hemorrhage in mediastinal, pleural, or abdominal cavity Results in death ...
... May lead to hemorrhage in mediastinal, pleural, or abdominal cavity Results in death ...
Peripartum Cardiomypathy: - Bahrain Medical Bulletin
... The pathologic findings are cardiac hypertrophy and focal myocardial fibrosis. Mural thrombi in either or both ventricles, endocardial fibrosis, degenerative, necrotic and fibrotic myocardial changes may be associated findings. Although myocardial fibrosis may be diffuse, it is only focal and micros ...
... The pathologic findings are cardiac hypertrophy and focal myocardial fibrosis. Mural thrombi in either or both ventricles, endocardial fibrosis, degenerative, necrotic and fibrotic myocardial changes may be associated findings. Although myocardial fibrosis may be diffuse, it is only focal and micros ...
Guidelines for the acute management of spinal cord injury
... • For cervical SCI requiring invasive ventilation early tracheostomy is recommended • For ventilated cervical SCI please see the RISCI website http://www.risci.org.uk for Ventilator Free Breathing Guideline CARDIOVASCULAR • Patients are at risk of neurogenic shock (resulting from peripheral vasodila ...
... • For cervical SCI requiring invasive ventilation early tracheostomy is recommended • For ventilated cervical SCI please see the RISCI website http://www.risci.org.uk for Ventilator Free Breathing Guideline CARDIOVASCULAR • Patients are at risk of neurogenic shock (resulting from peripheral vasodila ...
Total Renin-angiotensin – aldosterone system (Raas) Blockade
... Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) of which the prototype is Losartan, specifically block the Angiotensin II of the receptor subtype AT1. The other subtype AT2 receptor is not blocked and can still respond to increased concentration of AII. Unopposed AT2 receptor activity through some unknown m ...
... Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) of which the prototype is Losartan, specifically block the Angiotensin II of the receptor subtype AT1. The other subtype AT2 receptor is not blocked and can still respond to increased concentration of AII. Unopposed AT2 receptor activity through some unknown m ...
Cardiology - Stony Brook University School of Medicine
... **All Goals and Objectives for this rotation are identical across all PL years** ...
... **All Goals and Objectives for this rotation are identical across all PL years** ...
SBI3U_04_09_Circulatory_System
... • Blood moves in a pulse-like wave throughout the circulatory system. • Arterioles have smaller diameter than arteries and are less elastic, BUT the contraction and relaxation of arterioles is the major determinant of the overall blood pressure. ...
... • Blood moves in a pulse-like wave throughout the circulatory system. • Arterioles have smaller diameter than arteries and are less elastic, BUT the contraction and relaxation of arterioles is the major determinant of the overall blood pressure. ...
Advances in Environmental Biology
... nature of the disease. Factually, β-blockers were contraindicated in patients with HF due to their negative inotropic effect. However, as the neuro-hormonal example of HF was valued, there was increasing interest in the β-blockers [3-6]. Β-Blockers are competitive antagonists at the β-adrenergic rec ...
... nature of the disease. Factually, β-blockers were contraindicated in patients with HF due to their negative inotropic effect. However, as the neuro-hormonal example of HF was valued, there was increasing interest in the β-blockers [3-6]. Β-Blockers are competitive antagonists at the β-adrenergic rec ...
CHAP 21b - Dr. Gerry Cronin
... and is a major cause of atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD), heart failure, kidney disease and stroke. ...
... and is a major cause of atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD), heart failure, kidney disease and stroke. ...
peripheral circulation
... a. no direct effect (with exceptions) Note: although acetylcholine is an effective vasodilator (through activation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors), no parasympathetic postganglionic nerves end on blood vessels b. can have an indirect effect if secretion or other activity stimulated through rele ...
... a. no direct effect (with exceptions) Note: although acetylcholine is an effective vasodilator (through activation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors), no parasympathetic postganglionic nerves end on blood vessels b. can have an indirect effect if secretion or other activity stimulated through rele ...
Antihypertensive drug
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.