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C:\Program Files\HART On CD\Packages\HART\Mega
C:\Program Files\HART On CD\Packages\HART\Mega

... caution if taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. Although there are no known contraindications, ginkgo is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation due to a lack of research on the effects.6,17-19 Hawthorn berries are commonly used throughout Europe for their cardiovascular activity—they ...
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... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley ...
Circulatory System Activities Packet 2015
Circulatory System Activities Packet 2015

... listened to heart sounds by placing an ear against the patient’s chest. There are two sounds to every heartbeat: lubb and dup. The closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves, at which point the ventricles begin their contraction, causes the lubb sound. The dup sound is heard at the end of ventricul ...
The Circulatory System
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... • Epicardium- same as the visceral layer of the pericardium • Myocardium- thick contractile cardiac muscle cells. The cells are tightly joined together to form a syncytium which transmits action potentials seamlessly. • Endocardium- thin layer that covers muscular projections called trabeculae. This ...
INTRODUCTION - wfs
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... 12. The pulmonary artery is the only artery of the body that carries blood which is low in oxygen. 13. The pulmonary veins bring blood back to the heart from the lungs. These veins are the only ones of the body that are high in oxygen. 14. The walls of the heart are composed of cardiac muscle. The w ...
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Heart Sounds - Megan Semel

... valves open Blood flows from the atria into the ventricles Systole – Ventricles contract when full Pressure forces AV valves shut (lubb), blood pushes blood through SV valves and into the arteries Ventricles relax; As their volume increases, pressure decreases  blood wants to move to an area of low ...
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... 19. The Fifth Korotkoff Sound (DBP2 = disappearance) is considered the most accurate measurement of diastolic blood pressure in normal adults at rest. However, the Fourth Korotkoff Sound (DBP1 = muffling) is recommended for children, adults during exercise, and adults if DBP2 ...
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... 3. Take the Narrated Heart Tour. Click on English - Human Heart The heart has 4 chambers. Each of these chambers plays an important role in the circulation of blood through the heart. List them in order of the flow of blood through the heart: ...
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... stroke or heart attack. Bleeding may also occur, as in any open-heart surgery and as a result of the blood-thinning medications needed to reduce the risk of blood clots. As the device uses a connection which passes from the body’s exterior, through the skin and to the heart, this part can give rise ...
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... o Plaque can rupture; blood clot formed o Arteriosclerosis (artery hardening) occurs if calcium is deposited  Blockages o Heart Attack (myocardial infarction)  Death of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage of one or more coronary arteries (supply oxy blood to heart muscle) o Stroke  Deat ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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