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stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation objective
stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation objective

... major bleeding complications (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.93). Treatment with dabigatran at both the 150 mg and 110 mg doses was associated with a reduction in intracranial bleeding compared with warfarin. Dabigatran is indicated for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with AF, in ...
Managing Congestive Heart Failure in a General Hospital in
Managing Congestive Heart Failure in a General Hospital in

... admission in our hospital. This is due partly to increased survival from myocardial infarction and a generally ageing population 14,15. We found that most of the patients admitted with acute heart failure were not under active medical follow-up despite a significant number of them having heart failu ...
File cpr certification review
File cpr certification review

... * Also know reasons why you would STOP performing CPR, how do you open the airway to give breaths, the universal sign for choking, where most out of hospital cardiac arrests occur, and how many sets of compressions to perform on child/infant CPR. ...
The Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System

... 60 percent of blood in ventricles (about 70 ml) is pumped with each heartbeat Starling’s law of the heart: o Critical factor controlling SV o The more the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction SV rises or falls with the volume of venous return ...
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Fibrillation

... ventricular arrhythmias, bradycardia, and depression of left ventricular function. It was further theorized that maintenance of sinus rhythm would reduce rates of thromboembolism and the need for anticoagulation; however, trial results demonstrated no significant reduction in thromboembolic risk. Pe ...
Diagnosis and Management of CPVT
Diagnosis and Management of CPVT

... Up to now there are insufficient data for satisfactory risk stratification. Patients who have had an episode of VF and those who have sustained or haemodynamically unstable VT while receiving beta blockers are considered at highest risk. Younger age at CPVT diagnosis is a predictor of future cardiac ...
Classroom Activities
Classroom Activities

... Grade level ...
pdf Sudden Cardiac Arrest Fact Sheet
pdf Sudden Cardiac Arrest Fact Sheet

... People with heart disease are at varying risks for dying suddenly, but there are ways to markedly decrease that risk. Anyone with heart disease should discuss the risk of sudden cardiac arrest with their physician and talk about whether or not a referral to a heart rhythm specialist is appropriate f ...
Heart Murmurs - Pride Veterinary Centre
Heart Murmurs - Pride Veterinary Centre

... “holes” in the heart abnormally connecting heart chambers will also cause heart murmurs. Other reasons for murmurs include, narrowing within chambers and blood vessels, fever, and anaemia. MKTG/MarketingCollateral/InformationSheets/SmallAnimal/HeartMurmurs ...
Structural Biochemistry/Cell Signaling Pathways/Circulatory System
Structural Biochemistry/Cell Signaling Pathways/Circulatory System

... In coronary circulation, in order to understand how the heart and the blood vessels can respond to autonomic and endocrine input and how they change their behavior, it is essential to look carefully at each of the components in the cardiovascular system. The heart consists of two separate pumps, joi ...
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successes, challenges and next steps.

... • To determine the proportion of eligible patients receiving or referred to AICD implantation • To analyze the factors affecting the referral ...
valvular heart disease
valvular heart disease

... builds up on the insides of arteries. The flow of oxygen-rich blood to different organs and other parts of the body is reduced. Atherosclerosis can affect any artery in the body, including arteries in the heart, brain, arms, legs, and pelvis. As a result, different diseases may develop based on whic ...
HAPPY HEARTS CLASSES Mon 10.00am St Elizabeth Hall
HAPPY HEARTS CLASSES Mon 10.00am St Elizabeth Hall

... to anyone who wants to maintain a healthy level of fitness. Happy Hearts was primarily for Phase IV Cardiac Rehabilitation patients, but due to the connections with other medical conditions it is now open to anyone of any age that may have a medical condition or just feel the need to get fit, althou ...
Angina pectoris and anti-anginal drugs
Angina pectoris and anti-anginal drugs

... - Agents with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (for example, pindolol ) are less effective and should be avoided in angina. -In patients with classic angina (effort-induced angina), β-blockers can be used with nitrates to increase exercise duration and tolerance. -β-blockers are, however, contrain ...
Human Circulatory System
Human Circulatory System

... Disorders of the Transport System •Diseases of the heart and blood are cardiovascular diseases. •High blood pressure is called Hypertension, which can damage the arteries and weaken the heart muscle. •Anemia results when the blood cannot carry enough oxygen to the body cells. •Angina is a narrowing ...
Prevailing Theories in Cardiovascular Physiology during Ancient
Prevailing Theories in Cardiovascular Physiology during Ancient

... pulsing nature (Fulton & Wilson, 1966), and that the rate of this pulsing was directly related to the respiration rate (Beaujeu, 1963). He therefore concluded that the arteries must contain only air. This conclusion, however erroneous, represented an attention to physiological and anatomical detail ...
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... List the major sites of action of sympathoplegic drugs and give an example of drugs that act at each site. List the major indications, contraindications, pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of each drug mentioned in the above groups. ...
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Artery Disease

... The insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart muscle which results from CAD can cause symptoms of chest pain and discomfort known as angina. These brief episodes of oxygen deprivation and angina occur when the lumen of the artery narrows by 65-75%.6 In more severe cases of CAD where the coronary ar ...
creating adhesive plaster (Lefebvre, 1963). Internal dis- INTRODUCTION
creating adhesive plaster (Lefebvre, 1963). Internal dis- INTRODUCTION

... pulsing nature (Fulton & Wilson, 1966), and that the rate of this pulsing was directly related to the respiration rate (Beaujeu, 1963). He therefore concluded that the arteries must contain only air. This conclusion, however erroneous, represented an attention to physiological and anatomical detail ...
By Sasha Darwazeh FY1
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... Type 1 (Mobitz I/Wenkebach) - PR interval ↑ with each beat until you get a dropped QRS complex Type 2 (Mobitz II) - intermittent failure of P waves to conduct, not preceded by P wave elongation 2:1 & 3:1 type - regularly dropped QRS complexes with a 2:1 or 3:1 ratio 3rd -degree heart block (complete ...
Chronic Heart Failure and exercise
Chronic Heart Failure and exercise

Chapter 17 The Cardiovascular system: The Heart
Chapter 17 The Cardiovascular system: The Heart

... a. hormones: epinephrine: enhances heart rate and contractility (like NE). Thyroxine, in large quantities, causes a slower but more sustained increase in heart rate. b. ions: Hypocalcemia (low calcium) depresses the heart. Hypercalcemia (high calcium) prolongs the plateau phase of the action potenti ...
Chapter 15 - Cardiovascular System
Chapter 15 - Cardiovascular System

... The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the lungs where it can rid itself of excess carbon dioxide and pick up a new supply of oxygen. ...
CV part 2
CV part 2

... Grapefruit juice may alter absorption with Norvasc and Cardizem. Also, Verapamil and Calan are not removed by hemodialysis. • Procardia (nifedipine) and Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) are potent inhibitors of coronary artery spasms and are used to treat variant ...
Sheep Heart Dissection
Sheep Heart Dissection

... 3. Sticking straight up from the center of the heart is the largest blood vessel you will see. This is the aorta, which takes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body (the ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart). The aorta branches into more than one artery right afte ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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