Chapter 17 The Cardiovascular system: The Heart
... a. hormones: epinephrine: enhances heart rate and contractility (like NE). Thyroxine, in large quantities, causes a slower but more sustained increase in heart rate. b. ions: Hypocalcemia (low calcium) depresses the heart. Hypercalcemia (high calcium) prolongs the plateau phase of the action potenti ...
... a. hormones: epinephrine: enhances heart rate and contractility (like NE). Thyroxine, in large quantities, causes a slower but more sustained increase in heart rate. b. ions: Hypocalcemia (low calcium) depresses the heart. Hypercalcemia (high calcium) prolongs the plateau phase of the action potenti ...
211 Angina and Myocardial Infarction notes
... No isometric activity: moving up in bed unassisted, where muscles tense up with breath holding. Activity such as bathroom privileges will be increased gradually. Supervised walks, working up to 5-10 minutes. o Monitor HR, BP, fatigue level. HR should not increase more than 25% above resting. B ...
... No isometric activity: moving up in bed unassisted, where muscles tense up with breath holding. Activity such as bathroom privileges will be increased gradually. Supervised walks, working up to 5-10 minutes. o Monitor HR, BP, fatigue level. HR should not increase more than 25% above resting. B ...
Too Close for Comfort: |
... Pratley is a lead investigator on several additional studies of diabetes drugs, including one developed by Japanese drug company Takeda Pharmaceuticals that belongs to a new class of diabetes drugs called DPP-4 inhibitors. DPP-4 is an enzyme that prevents the activation of hormones known to lower gl ...
... Pratley is a lead investigator on several additional studies of diabetes drugs, including one developed by Japanese drug company Takeda Pharmaceuticals that belongs to a new class of diabetes drugs called DPP-4 inhibitors. DPP-4 is an enzyme that prevents the activation of hormones known to lower gl ...
Science - Primary 5 Mid-Term Revision Sheet
... 1. The bike slows down when you stop pedaling. Because of the friction force between the tire and the floor. 2. Lubricants and ball bearings are used in mechanical machines. To decrease the friction force between internal parts and avoid its damaging. 3. Parachutist opens his parachute when he flies ...
... 1. The bike slows down when you stop pedaling. Because of the friction force between the tire and the floor. 2. Lubricants and ball bearings are used in mechanical machines. To decrease the friction force between internal parts and avoid its damaging. 3. Parachutist opens his parachute when he flies ...
Chapter 19 - Trimble County Schools
... Hypotension – low BP in which systolic pressure is below 100 mm Hg Hypertension – condition of sustained elevated arterial pressure of 140/90 or higher ...
... Hypotension – low BP in which systolic pressure is below 100 mm Hg Hypertension – condition of sustained elevated arterial pressure of 140/90 or higher ...
PAD ABI Training Slides (PPT file)
... Do you get this pain when you are sitting standing, or lying? Do symptoms only start when you walk? Does the discomfort always occur at about the same distance? ...
... Do you get this pain when you are sitting standing, or lying? Do symptoms only start when you walk? Does the discomfort always occur at about the same distance? ...
Hemodynamic Effects of Commercial Flights. Potential Implication
... old, a progressive decrease in PaO2 of 5 mm Hg occurs per every decade [18]. Patients with chronic lung disease, who present PaO2 at sea level of 60 mmHg and very depressed forced expiratory volume in spirometry, can achieve risky levels of aO2P even with the cabin pressurization [19]. Experimental ...
... old, a progressive decrease in PaO2 of 5 mm Hg occurs per every decade [18]. Patients with chronic lung disease, who present PaO2 at sea level of 60 mmHg and very depressed forced expiratory volume in spirometry, can achieve risky levels of aO2P even with the cabin pressurization [19]. Experimental ...
CardiovascularReport - Johns Hopkins Medicine
... Other patients can’t take blood thinners at all due to director of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Service. Not pictured is Jon Resar, director of interventional cardiology. inherent problems with clotting or other risk factors, such as a history of falls. “It’s striking that of all AF patients who should be ...
... Other patients can’t take blood thinners at all due to director of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Service. Not pictured is Jon Resar, director of interventional cardiology. inherent problems with clotting or other risk factors, such as a history of falls. “It’s striking that of all AF patients who should be ...
Pathology of blood and lymphatic vessels
... Pathology of blood and lymphatic vessels The term endothelial activation reflects alterations in gene expression and protein synthesis. Inducers of endothelial activation include cytokines and bacterial products (which cause inflammatory injury and septic shock), hemodynamic stress and lipid produc ...
... Pathology of blood and lymphatic vessels The term endothelial activation reflects alterations in gene expression and protein synthesis. Inducers of endothelial activation include cytokines and bacterial products (which cause inflammatory injury and septic shock), hemodynamic stress and lipid produc ...
Higher Serum Concentrations of N-Terminal Pro-B
... All analyses were performed with SAS, version 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Baseline descriptive data (shown in Table 1), expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) or as median and 5th to 95th percentile depending on distribution or proportions in percent, were compared with parametric o ...
... All analyses were performed with SAS, version 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Baseline descriptive data (shown in Table 1), expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) or as median and 5th to 95th percentile depending on distribution or proportions in percent, were compared with parametric o ...
Pharmacology
... Class I drugs bind more rapidly to open or inactivated sodium channels than to channels that are fully repolarized following recovery from the previous depolarization cycle. The central concept is of use-dependent channel block. It is this characteristic that enables all class I drugs to block the h ...
... Class I drugs bind more rapidly to open or inactivated sodium channels than to channels that are fully repolarized following recovery from the previous depolarization cycle. The central concept is of use-dependent channel block. It is this characteristic that enables all class I drugs to block the h ...
Note - American Heart Association
... How does it affect the heart? Underdevelopment of a ventricle can compromise blood flow to the body in some cases and the lungs in other cases. Without early intervention many patients die in infancy. In a small number of patients, the type of single ventricle results in a balanced circulation betwe ...
... How does it affect the heart? Underdevelopment of a ventricle can compromise blood flow to the body in some cases and the lungs in other cases. Without early intervention many patients die in infancy. In a small number of patients, the type of single ventricle results in a balanced circulation betwe ...
Heart Failure - Royal Berkshire Hospital
... The mainstays of treatment of heart failure are ACE inhibitors which inhibit many of the circulatory reflexes responsible for the symptoms of heart failure, Beta-blockers which reduce the heart rate and make the heart muscle work more efficiently, and diuretics which encourage the excretion of salt ...
... The mainstays of treatment of heart failure are ACE inhibitors which inhibit many of the circulatory reflexes responsible for the symptoms of heart failure, Beta-blockers which reduce the heart rate and make the heart muscle work more efficiently, and diuretics which encourage the excretion of salt ...
Restrictiveunclassified Cardiomyopathy Feline
... refer to the same type: a disorder in which the heart muscle tissue has become stiffened so that the walls of the heart are less elastic than normal. The cause of this stiffening process is unknown. Cats are affected almost exclusively; dogs are not known to have this heart disease. The effect of th ...
... refer to the same type: a disorder in which the heart muscle tissue has become stiffened so that the walls of the heart are less elastic than normal. The cause of this stiffening process is unknown. Cats are affected almost exclusively; dogs are not known to have this heart disease. The effect of th ...
as a PDF
... skipped. This can progress to complete heart block, cardiac standstill, and death. Because the TCAs can cause severe arrhythmia in overdose, it has been widely assumed that their use would be contra-indicated in patients with pre-existing arrhythmias. Although this logic is attractive, it has not pr ...
... skipped. This can progress to complete heart block, cardiac standstill, and death. Because the TCAs can cause severe arrhythmia in overdose, it has been widely assumed that their use would be contra-indicated in patients with pre-existing arrhythmias. Although this logic is attractive, it has not pr ...
057 Meta AT2
... clearly superior to placebo in the treatment of heart failure patients, controversy still surrounds the effects of ARBs in patients already receiving an ACEi. Even more controversial is the wisdom of administering ARBs in patients already on an ACEi and h-blocker. Methods: We present meta-analyses o ...
... clearly superior to placebo in the treatment of heart failure patients, controversy still surrounds the effects of ARBs in patients already receiving an ACEi. Even more controversial is the wisdom of administering ARBs in patients already on an ACEi and h-blocker. Methods: We present meta-analyses o ...
aortic_stenosis
... Medications presented in this section are intended to provide general information about possible treatment. The treatment for a particular condition may evolve as medical advances are made; therefore, the medications should not be considered as all inclusive • Medical management is, at best, designe ...
... Medications presented in this section are intended to provide general information about possible treatment. The treatment for a particular condition may evolve as medical advances are made; therefore, the medications should not be considered as all inclusive • Medical management is, at best, designe ...
Drug-related Atrioventricular Block: Is It a Benign Condition?
... of follow-up. There are few other studies with the same result [5, 6]. A recent study reported that only 15% of AV blocks in patients treated with beta-blockers and/or calcium channel blocker, is truly caused by these drugs and in others, drug was only ‘innocent bystanders’ [5]. The authors conclude ...
... of follow-up. There are few other studies with the same result [5, 6]. A recent study reported that only 15% of AV blocks in patients treated with beta-blockers and/or calcium channel blocker, is truly caused by these drugs and in others, drug was only ‘innocent bystanders’ [5]. The authors conclude ...
Correlation of blood pressure and the ratio of S1 to S2 as measured
... cardiac output, increase in blood flow from atrium to ventricle due to the mitral valve stricture, and contraction of ventricle with abnormally short interval following the contraction of atrium similar to shortening of the PR interval.6 The mitral valve closes when the left ventricular pressure e ...
... cardiac output, increase in blood flow from atrium to ventricle due to the mitral valve stricture, and contraction of ventricle with abnormally short interval following the contraction of atrium similar to shortening of the PR interval.6 The mitral valve closes when the left ventricular pressure e ...
Circulatory Systems in Animals
... 4. The nerve impulse reaches the AV node, travels through the Purkinje fibers and the ventricles begin their contraction. 5. Ventricular contraction forces blood through the semilunar valves into the aorta and pulmonary arteries. 6. As the ventricles begin to relax, the aortic and pulmonary valves c ...
... 4. The nerve impulse reaches the AV node, travels through the Purkinje fibers and the ventricles begin their contraction. 5. Ventricular contraction forces blood through the semilunar valves into the aorta and pulmonary arteries. 6. As the ventricles begin to relax, the aortic and pulmonary valves c ...
Long-Term Disease Management of Patients With Coronary
... telephone number was provided if patients needed to reschedule their appointment. Patients who missed their appointment were contacted by the appointment office staff. Patients and/or their insurance plans were billed for the laboratory tests and consultations by our institutional business office. B ...
... telephone number was provided if patients needed to reschedule their appointment. Patients who missed their appointment were contacted by the appointment office staff. Patients and/or their insurance plans were billed for the laboratory tests and consultations by our institutional business office. B ...
Artificial Heart Valves
... History • 1952 – Dr. Charles Hufnagel designed and implanted a mechanical heart into a thirty year old female. • 1960 – The Starr-Edwards ball valve was created. It was based off of Dr. Charles Hufnagel’s design. • 1969- The Bjork-Shiley valve started being used and it was based on a tilting disc d ...
... History • 1952 – Dr. Charles Hufnagel designed and implanted a mechanical heart into a thirty year old female. • 1960 – The Starr-Edwards ball valve was created. It was based off of Dr. Charles Hufnagel’s design. • 1969- The Bjork-Shiley valve started being used and it was based on a tilting disc d ...
Angina - Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine
... The ventricles are the discharging chambers. The right ventricle pumps blood away from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries and the left ventricle pumps blood away from the heart to the body through the aorta. The ventricular chambers contain trabeculae carneae muscle. Ventricular chamb ...
... The ventricles are the discharging chambers. The right ventricle pumps blood away from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries and the left ventricle pumps blood away from the heart to the body through the aorta. The ventricular chambers contain trabeculae carneae muscle. Ventricular chamb ...
Antihypertensive drug
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.