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SYNERGY™ - Patient Information Guide
SYNERGY™ - Patient Information Guide

... • Swelling in the body (usually in the legs) caused by water retention • Tremor • Urinary tract infection • Vomiting • Weakness Live vaccines and close contact with people that have received them should also be avoided. There is also potential harm to a fetus for pregnant women. When used with ...
PI LANOXIN (Digoxin) [PI] - Aspen Pharmacare Australia
PI LANOXIN (Digoxin) [PI] - Aspen Pharmacare Australia

... Myocarditis – Lanoxin can rarely precipitate vasoconstriction and therefore should be avoided in patients with myocarditis. Beri Beri – patients with beri beri heart disease should be treated first with thiamine, or they may fail to respond adequately to Lanoxin.. Constrictive Pericarditis – Lanoxin ...
The onset of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in SHR - AJP
The onset of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in SHR - AJP

... Noteworthy, LVH is associated with structural and functional abnormalities of cardiomyocytes. Under physiological conditions, following the increase in intracytosolic Ca2⫹ concentration ([Ca2⫹]i) during contraction, myocyte relaxation occurs when Ca2⫹ is transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticu ...
Exercise Recommendations for Persons with Special Needs
Exercise Recommendations for Persons with Special Needs

... Exercise-related Sudden Death in Patient with Cardiac Diseases • CHD accounts for most exercise-related sudden deaths among those aged 35 years or above • A considerable number of fatal MIs were not due to significant stenosis of the coronary arteries but rupture of unstable coronary atheroscleroti ...
pulmonary circulation
pulmonary circulation

... Ventricular septum defect 80 % p. membranacea 15 % p. muscularis (m. Roger – small hole, strong murmur) pulmonary circulation overload, pulmonary hypertension ...
Cardiac Computed Tomography (CT)
Cardiac Computed Tomography (CT)

... patients at high and low risk of heart disease. Coronary calcium scores appear to have predictive value over and above that of risk factors such as age, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels (and the widely used Framingham risk score, which combines these and other factors) in asymptomatic high-ris ...
Atrial-Selective Approaches for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial-Selective Approaches for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

... Atrial-selective pharmacologic approaches represent promising novel therapeutic options for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Medical treatment for AF is still more widely applied than interventional therapies but is hampered by several important weaknesses. Besides limited clinical efficac ...
toward consistent definitions for preload and afterload
toward consistent definitions for preload and afterload

... required) faculty to be more creative and productive in their use of their formal classroom time with students, with much more attention being paid to outlining major concepts, establishing linkages among topics, utilizing classroom case presentations and breakout groups–a variety of techniques inte ...
Diastolic Heart Failure and Critical Illness
Diastolic Heart Failure and Critical Illness

... 1.5 years older than those with impaired ejection fraction. Zile and Brutsaert [16] reviewed the data published during the last decade and found that: in patients < 50 years, diastolic heart failure represented < 15% of the cause of CHF; 50±70 years, the proportion rose to 33%, and > 70 years, up to ...
Nutritional Treatments for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Nutritional Treatments for Acute Myocardial Infarction

... vasospasm include variant angina (Prinzmetal’s angina) and cocaine use. Complications of MI include arrhythmias, heart failure, and cardiogenic shock, each of which can be fatal. Conventional treatment of acute MI includes restoration of blood flow as soon as possible with a fibrinolytic agent or su ...
Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities
Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities

... The focus of these guidelines is the appropriate use of heart rhythm devices (pacemakers for bradyarrhythmias and heart failure management, e.g., cardiac resynchronization, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators [ICDs]), not the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. The fact that the use of a devic ...
Inherited heart conditions Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Inherited heart conditions Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

... What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle. It is a genetic condition. This means that it is passed on through families and is caused by a change or mutation in one or more genes. About 1 in 500 of the UK population1 has the condition, although ...
Factors Associated With Pericardial Effusion in Acute Q Wave
Factors Associated With Pericardial Effusion in Acute Q Wave

... of myocardial infarction, 330 patients with acute Q wave infarction were studied. According to echocardiography, 83 patients had pericardial effusion on the third day of hospitalization, and careful auscultation revealed that a pericardial rub was absent in 45 patients and was present in 38 patients ...
Acute coronary syndromes.
Acute coronary syndromes.

... The main diagnostic categories of acute coronary syndrome, unstable angina and myocardial infarction, are defined by the serum concentration of cardiac enzymes and markers.2 The cardiac markers, troponin T and troponin I, are extremely sensitive to myocardial injury and damage. Minimal damage can be ...
Xanthine Derivatives in the Heart: Blessed or Cursed?
Xanthine Derivatives in the Heart: Blessed or Cursed?

... consumed psychoactive agent in various soft drinks. Because of the worldwide use of these drugs and the recently synthesized xanthine derivatives, an intensive research on the cardiac actions of these substances is under progress. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms involved in the actio ...
Von Willebrand factor and thrombosis
Von Willebrand factor and thrombosis

... the association of the −1,793 C/G polymorphism in the VWF gene with coronary heart disease in 1,088 subjects with and without advanced atherosclerosis [32]. The study concluded that this VWF gene polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease but only in individuals wit ...
Congestive heart failure
Congestive heart failure

... caused by chronically elevated pressure throughout the vascular system.  Most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in the U.S. ...
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Supraventricular Tachycardia

... In patients with atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia (Panels A and B), the atrioventricular node is functionally divided into two pathways that form the reentrant circuit. In the majority of patients, during this type of tachycardia, antegrade conduction to the ventricle occurs over th ...
Progressive muscle metaboreflex activation gradually decreases
Progressive muscle metaboreflex activation gradually decreases

... baroreflex responses occur solely via changes in parasympathetic activity (10, 12). Employing this spontaneous HR baroreflex sensitivity (HR-SBRS) technique, our group has recently observed that during dynamic exercise, muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA) causes not only resetting of the arterial b ...
Functional Versus Anatomic Assessment of Myocardial Bridging by
Functional Versus Anatomic Assessment of Myocardial Bridging by

... Diuretics, n (%) ...
Management and Outcome in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction from a Gender Perspective
Management and Outcome in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction from a Gender Perspective

... gender and eGFR regarding one year mortality (p=0.08) but not regarding MACE (p=0.11). As we found a remarkable gender difference in RI prevalence in Paper IV, we analysed an updated SWEDEHEART database including the years since S-creatinine became a mandatory variable to register. In Paper V all ST ...
Supraventricular Tachycardia - UCSF Department of Anesthesia and
Supraventricular Tachycardia - UCSF Department of Anesthesia and

... In patients with atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia (Panels A and B), the atrioventricular node is functionally divided into two pathways that form the reentrant circuit. In the majority of patients, during this type of tachycardia, antegrade conduction to the ventricle occurs over th ...
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)

... ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and in patients who are recovering from acute myocardial infarction (MI). Although significant effort has been directed to the identification and treatment of high-risk patients, this group actually accounts for a small proportion of preventable SCD. Although the ...
The importance of long axis function
The importance of long axis function

... Since exercise has been shown as an independent cardio protective factor [28], it is of immense importance to offer suitable individually prescribed exercise. Hydrotherapy, exercise in warm water, (34°C), is an opportune exercise form [29] for patients suffering from disabilities that make exercise ...
PDF-1 - RUcore - Rutgers University
PDF-1 - RUcore - Rutgers University

... Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – IV (DSM-IV) is used by mental health professionals to properly identify the disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Diagnosis of ADHD is based upon a the demonstration of a certain number of standard symptoms. Currently, no single etiology exists ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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