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Myocardial metabolism in experimental infarction and heart failure
Myocardial metabolism in experimental infarction and heart failure

... CHF7, 8. However, data from randomized heart failure trials during the 1980s and 1990s show that ischemic heart disease has succeeded hypertension as the most prominent cause of CHF9-13. Other clinically important causes of CHF are valvular disease, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis and ...
avandamet tablets
avandamet tablets

... The reported incidence of lactic acidosis in patients receiving metformin is very low (approximately 0.03 cases/1,000 patient-years of exposure, with approximately 0.015 fatal cases/1,000 patient-years of exposure). Reported cases have occurred primarily in diabetic patients with significant renal ...
neonatal asphyxia
neonatal asphyxia

... 4.The biophysical profile combine a NST with others parameters: I. - Amniotic fluid volume; II. - Fetal breathing movements; III.- Fetal activity; IV. - Fetal musculoskeletal tone; ...
ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines
ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines

... AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With STElevation Myocardial Infarction.” The final recommendations for indications for a diagnostic procedure, a particular therapy, or an intervention in patients with STEMI summarize both clinical evidence and expert opinion (Table 1). To provide clini ...
Not Bad: Passive Leg Raising in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Not Bad: Passive Leg Raising in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

... Passive leg raising (PLR) is a maneuver which involves the elevation of the lower limbs from the horizontal plane (Dragoumanos et al., 2012). The effect of PLR is to shift blood from the lower extremities toward the intra-thoracic compartment (Pottecher et al., 2010). As it is a simple and effective ...
threshold changes in blood lactate, beat-to
threshold changes in blood lactate, beat-to

... The subjects were familiarized with the cycle ergometer (Cybex MET 2000) and the Colin® tonometry unit (Colin Pilot, Belmont, Texas) prior to beginning the exercise session. Cycling seat position and height was determined at this time. The subjects were informed and familiarized with the MedGraphics ...
Preview the material
Preview the material

... cancer – not heart disease. Additionally, as mentioned, heart disease has been in large part considered a man’s disease, and the main emphasis in heart disease research and clinical practice has generally focused on men.6 Recently, a major shift has occurred with greater recognition of the clinical ...
Exercise-Induced Silent Myocardial Ischemia and Coronary
Exercise-Induced Silent Myocardial Ischemia and Coronary

... conventional risk factor, emphasizing the importance of exercise testing to identify asymptomatic high risk men who could benefit from risk reduction and preventive measures. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:72–9) © 2001 by the American College of Cardiology OBJECTIVES ...
Atrial transport function in coronary artery disease: Relation
Atrial transport function in coronary artery disease: Relation

... mining left ventricular volumes because of poor contrast cine films or instances of two consecutive beats preceded by a ventricular premature beat. Furthermore , patients were excluded if the various phases of filling during diastole could not be delineated (see later). This invariably necessitated ...
Cardiac Effects of Cupping: Myocardial Infarction, Arrhythmias, Heart
Cardiac Effects of Cupping: Myocardial Infarction, Arrhythmias, Heart

... the first report in rat. The literature data and clinical studies mainly refer to the effects of acupuncture. The data clearly show that acupuncture has therapeutic effects for individuals with hypertension, myocardial ischemia and certain arrhythmias (15). It is documented that cupping should be ca ...
Rho-Kinase Activation in Patients With Heart Failure - J
Rho-Kinase Activation in Patients With Heart Failure - J

... analysis was performed using Scion Image.12,13,17 Immunohistology of Myocardial Biopsy Samples Trans-venous endomyocardial biopsy samples were obtained from the interventricular septum using 6-Fr Biotom (Cordis, Bridgewater, NJ, USA) when CHF patients underwent cardiac catheterization (n=36). The ti ...
Andropoulos Chapter
Andropoulos Chapter

... are typically tachypneic from decreased lung compliance associated with increased pulmonary blood flow. They do not feed well because of tachypnea and growth failure develops from both decreased caloric intake and increased caloric utilization. As noted above, significant left-to-right shunts induce ...
Print - Circulation
Print - Circulation

... SUMMARY In order to determine the presence and extent of obstructive pulmonary vascular disease in patients with congenital heart disease, magnified cineangiograms were obtained with a catheter in the pulmonary artery wedge position in 155 infants and children undergoing cardiac catheterization. The ...
Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction From T1 Measurements in
Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction From T1 Measurements in

... myocardial reference region may be inappropriately identified. Furthermore, the optimal threshold for quantifying LGE in the presence of diffuse or patchy fibrosis is not well defined (8). These limitations have prompted research into novel CMR-based quantitative techniques for measurement of the myoca ...
Article 4, January - June 2008
Article 4, January - June 2008

... To increase intraobserver reliability, Doppler measurement was done by principal author only and 3 repeated measurements were taken with all the parameters needed. Doppler echocardiographic measurements of pulmonary vascular resistance were compared with invasive hemodynamic measurements. Right and ...
Diagnostic evaluation and management of chronic thromboembolic
Diagnostic evaluation and management of chronic thromboembolic

... obstruction despite at least three months of effective, uninterrupted anticoagulation. Clinical recognition and management of CTEPH are important for several reasons. First, CTEPH is believed to be one of the most common causes of PH. Second, CTEPH is a serious, progressive and often fatal disease. ...
Pulmonary  hypertension  in  childhood S G.  Haworth .
Pulmonary hypertension in childhood S G. Haworth .

... new wall structure. The proportions of the different types of interstitial connective tissue also change with age, which affects the mechanical properties of the vessel wall [16]. Collagens type ID and V are abundant at birth, whilst there is relatively little collagen type I in the media and advent ...
Special Report
Special Report

... AF is strongly associated with heart disease and aging, yet it is clear that genetic factors also contribute to the development of AF. Data from community-based studies in Framingham and Iceland show that an individual’s risk for AF is significantly increased if a first-degree relative has AF.31,32 ...
Guidelines ESC VD 2010 - Working Group for Echocardiography
Guidelines ESC VD 2010 - Working Group for Echocardiography

... values of right heart size and function. In all studies, the sonographer and physician should examine the right heart using multiple acoustic windows, and the report should represent an assessment based on qualitative and quantitative parameters. The parameters to be performed and reported should in ...
Endogenous Endothelin-1 Depresses Left Ventricular Systolic and
Endogenous Endothelin-1 Depresses Left Ventricular Systolic and

... L-754,142, we measured cardiovascular responses during ET-1 infusion with and without pretreatment of L-754,142. Data were initially recorded with the animals lying quietly on their sides without medication to obtain baseline values. Three sets of variably loaded P-V loops were generated by sudden t ...
Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart
Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart

... values of right heart size and function. In all studies, the sonographer and physician should examine the right heart using multiple acoustic windows, and the report should represent an assessment based on qualitative and quantitative parameters. The parameters to be performed and reported should in ...
Supplemental Data
Supplemental Data

... recruited a “real life” post-ACS population with a broad spectrum of age, both genders and significant numbers of subjects in the three distinct sub-groups (NSTEMI, STEMI and UA) determined at the time of discharge As such, the CDCS represents the burden of expected important antecedent risk factors ...
Evaluation and Management of the Patient Who Has Cocaine-associated Chest Pain ,
Evaluation and Management of the Patient Who Has Cocaine-associated Chest Pain ,

... Studies in the cardiac catheterization laboratory have largely provided the evidence-based approach to patients who have cocaine-associated coronary vasoconstriction. In these studies, adult patients who had not previously used cocaine were given a low dose of intranasal cocaine (2 mg/ kg). Patients ...
Atrial fibrillation and flutter
Atrial fibrillation and flutter

... impairment or valvular stenosis. In some cases, the first clinical manifestation of atrial fibrillation is stroke or systemic embolism. This is caused by the development of thrombus in the left atrial appendage (Fig. 2), due to loss of atrial mechanical function and stasis, followed by embolisation. ...
Ventricular fibrillation - respiratorytherapyfiles.net
Ventricular fibrillation - respiratorytherapyfiles.net

... There are many classes of antiarrhythmic medications and many individual drugs within these classes. Dysrhythmias may also be treated electrically. Cardioversion is the application of electrical current across the chest wall to the heart and it is used for treatment of supraventricular or pulsed ven ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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