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Heart Failure as a Multiple Hormonal Deficiency Syndrome
Heart Failure as a Multiple Hormonal Deficiency Syndrome

... them, 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA) shares many of T3’s cardiac effects, including the gene profile (eg, both reactivate SERCA2), without affecting heart rate. In a pilot ...
Heart Failure as a Multiple Hormonal Deficiency Syndrome
Heart Failure as a Multiple Hormonal Deficiency Syndrome

... them, 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA) shares many of T3’s cardiac effects, including the gene profile (eg, both reactivate SERCA2), without affecting heart rate. In a pilot ...
6. Cardiovascular System
6. Cardiovascular System

The Heart Truth for Women: Heart Disease Factsheet
The Heart Truth for Women: Heart Disease Factsheet

... Estrogen-only therapy will not prevent heart attacks ...
Fatal cardiac arrhythmias in patients with heart failure: Risk
Fatal cardiac arrhythmias in patients with heart failure: Risk

... Which parameters will help identifying patients who require ICD:EP testing? • In the past, EP testing was considered the primary method for risk stratification for malignant ventricular arrhythmia. • The value of EP testing is challenged in MUSTT-EPS registry (n=1397) and MADIT II ...
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PART 1
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PART 1

... - PRODUCE BLOOD PRESSURE (SYSTOLE) - CONDUCT BLOOD AND MAINTAIN PRESSURE DURING DIASTOLE - DISTRIBUTE BLOOD, MAINTAIN PRESSURE - PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE AND DISTRIBUTE BLOOD - EXCHANGE NUTRIENTS AND WASTE - COLLECT BLOOD FROM CAPILLARIES ...
PiCCO - PULSION Medical Systems SE
PiCCO - PULSION Medical Systems SE

... (if not possible then from the next (medial) lumen from the same CVC) ...
Acute arterial impassability
Acute arterial impassability

... Acute arterial occlusion is sudden stoppage of blood flow in main artery , which cause developing of arterial ischemia and hypoxemia syndrome. High level of mortality, which has no tendency to decrease last 20 years and accounts 25-35%, is another evidence of this. From people, who survived, average ...
Consensus Statement on Acute Heart Failure with Preserved
Consensus Statement on Acute Heart Failure with Preserved

... The annual mortality rate in outpatients is 5% to 8% in HFPSF versus 10% to 15% in SHF. The clinical differences between both types of HF in hospitalized patients have already been mentioned; in-hospital outcomes are slightly more favorable for HFPSF. (28) Some series have reported that adjusted mor ...
Author`s contributions - Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Author`s contributions - Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

... administration provided sufficient protection for surgery to be completed without significant hindrance. Spontaneous recovery of rhythm occurred in all patients, and there was only one case of low cardiac output syndrome which required the intraoperative insertion of an IABP. Part of these positive ...
Mitral Valve Regurgitation The mitral valve is one of four valves that
Mitral Valve Regurgitation The mitral valve is one of four valves that

... Risks of heart valve surgery  Death. The overall mortality risk (risk of death) for heart valve surgery is less than 5 percent (5 out of every 100 patients).  Irregular heart beat or arrhythmia. Arrhythmias can make you tired or short of breath and put you at risk of blood clots. You may need to t ...
BRS Physiology Cases and Problems 2nd Edition
BRS Physiology Cases and Problems 2nd Edition

... and inversely with radius. The thicker the ventricular wall, the greater the pressure that can be developed at a given tension. Celia's right ventricle hypertrophied adaptively so that it could develop the higher pressures required to eject blood against the increased pulmonary artery pressure. 6. C ...
Effects of captopril on ventricular arrhythmias in the early and late
Effects of captopril on ventricular arrhythmias in the early and late

... action of these compounds constitutes the main mechanism of benefit. (Similarly, metabolic properties of /J-blockers'21>22' and amiodarone123'241 seem to be responsible for beneficial effects in secondary prevention after myocardial infarction, and is related to the electrical stabilization exerted ...
Heart Rate Variability During Plateau Waves of Intracranial Pressure
Heart Rate Variability During Plateau Waves of Intracranial Pressure

... vasogenic positive feedback loop triggered by active vasodilatation, that increases cerebral blood volume (CBV), leading to elevation of ICP, decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), further vasodilation until maximum vasodilation is reached. A vasoconstrictive stimulus (either therapeutic or ...
high altitude disease, pap, feedlot hypertension, and
high altitude disease, pap, feedlot hypertension, and

... So why do the pulmonary arteries begin to narrow and restrict flow? For 3 possible reasons: 1) High altitude exposure, 2) Diseases of the lung such as pneumonia, and 3) Slow or shallow breathing. All 3 factors can trigger the disease through one common mechanism: they reduce the amount of oxygen ent ...
Cardiology Terminology Quiz by Laura King, MA, ELS
Cardiology Terminology Quiz by Laura King, MA, ELS

... Editor’s Note: In heart disease classifications, the numerals are designators and are not quantitative or semiquantitative. Therefore, roman numerals are appropriate (§15.3.10, Heart Disease Classifications, p 561 in print). 8. Both cTnT and C-reactive protein remained independent predictors of deat ...
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

... For children with HCM, medical therapy aims to control symptoms related to heart obstruction, improve filling of the heart chambers and prevent arrhythmias. With optimal treatment, symptoms can be improved or eliminated in many children with HCM. Several types of medications are used to control HCM ...
JSUMC CABG MODEL 4 BEST PRACTICE ELEMENTS (BPE) FOR MONITORING
JSUMC CABG MODEL 4 BEST PRACTICE ELEMENTS (BPE) FOR MONITORING

... them started following operation one day after initiation of optimal (HR <= 70) postoperative Beta Blockers as long as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers should be the SPB is greater than 100 and the patient's renal function initiated postoperatively and continued indefinitely in is det ...
Pregnancy outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial
Pregnancy outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial

... the same patient (CS for failed induction of labour and subsequently for scarred uterus for the following pregnancy) and one for severe pre-eclampsia. The other CS were performed under epidural (n=2) or spinal (n=6) anaesthesia, and one with missing data. Vaginal delivery was done in four cases unde ...
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease

... and no evidence of a threshold below which the association did not hold (25). The implications of this study are profound, indicating that OSA is a new primary cause of hypertension (Fig. 2). Treatment of OSA with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has led to falls in office, intra-art ...
Multimarker Approach to Risk Stratification Among Patients with
Multimarker Approach to Risk Stratification Among Patients with

... The 152 CHF patients were divided into those who had major adverse cardiac events during follow-up and those who were event-free (Table 2). There were more patients with CHF of coronary disease origin than of nonischemic origin (p = 0.0103) in the group with major adverse cardiac events as compared ...
Anticoagulation Therapy in the CICU
Anticoagulation Therapy in the CICU

... Anticoagulation in the CICU: what, when why? • Risk may change over time necessitating repeated clinical screening (Kaulitz 2005) • An increase in the magnitude of antithrombotic therapy may be warranted if anatomic and/or hemodynamic risk factors become present. • Certain patients appear to be “cl ...
The Role of Reduced Left Ventricular, Systolic Blood Volumes in ST
The Role of Reduced Left Ventricular, Systolic Blood Volumes in ST

... ischemic zone [3, 4]. Additionally, recent simulation studies have suggested that ST segment depression, resulting from nontransmural ischemia, is not solely the result of transmural extent, but also requires changes in intracellular or extracellular anisotropy ratios as well as the presence of larg ...
Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defects
Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defects

... Ostium secundum defects - midseptal location Sinus venosus defects - high septum Ostium primum defects - low septum Secundum is most common. Primum defects are usually associated with other congenital heart lesions and have a poorer prognosis than the secundum or sinus venosus type defects. In ...
Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Adults
Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Adults

... between angiography and the intraventricular hemorrhage. Aneurysms are known to develop in the presence of carotid occlusion, particularly in patients with Moya Moya disease and bilateral carotid artery occlusion.17"" It has been suggested that this is due to increasedflowin the non-occluded vessels ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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