Denial in Alcohol and Other Drug Use Disorders: A Critique of Theory.
... to moderate extreme emotional reactions to changes in one’s life by providing a person with time to integrate negative information about oneself. According to this theoretical perspective, short-term reliance on defence mechanisms might be healthy for self-esteem maintenance; however, if they are us ...
... to moderate extreme emotional reactions to changes in one’s life by providing a person with time to integrate negative information about oneself. According to this theoretical perspective, short-term reliance on defence mechanisms might be healthy for self-esteem maintenance; however, if they are us ...
Growing Existing Customers` Revenue Streams Through Customer
... time of participation in a CRP, may explain why some customers are less affected than others by participation in a CRP. Our reasoning is based on self-perception theory (Bem 1972), which explains that, in certain situations, people learn about their inner states (i.e., attitudes) by observing their ...
... time of participation in a CRP, may explain why some customers are less affected than others by participation in a CRP. Our reasoning is based on self-perception theory (Bem 1972), which explains that, in certain situations, people learn about their inner states (i.e., attitudes) by observing their ...
Studying Framing Effects: Existing Research and
... However, the group that received both frames was not moved by either and, instead, based their opinions on their prior values. Individuals who generally valued free speech (public safety) expressed support (opposition) for the rally. Thus, the frames cancelled out, and people returned to their basic ...
... However, the group that received both frames was not moved by either and, instead, based their opinions on their prior values. Individuals who generally valued free speech (public safety) expressed support (opposition) for the rally. Thus, the frames cancelled out, and people returned to their basic ...
Implicit Self-Attitudes Predict Spontaneous Affect in Daily Life
... Hardin, 1999) as well as spontaneous self-evaluations when made under conditions of reduced cognitive capacity (Koole, Dijksterhuis, & van Knippenberg, 2001). In essence, these findings parallel findings from other implicit attitude research showing, for example, that implicit attitudes toward socia ...
... Hardin, 1999) as well as spontaneous self-evaluations when made under conditions of reduced cognitive capacity (Koole, Dijksterhuis, & van Knippenberg, 2001). In essence, these findings parallel findings from other implicit attitude research showing, for example, that implicit attitudes toward socia ...
Do Conscious Thoughts Cause Behavior?
... measure of putting from college student participants. Next, by random assignment, some visualized a successful putt; others visualized just barely missing the hole; and a control group was told to visualize putting without any specific instructions. (It is likely that this manipulation led to imagini ...
... measure of putting from college student participants. Next, by random assignment, some visualized a successful putt; others visualized just barely missing the hole; and a control group was told to visualize putting without any specific instructions. (It is likely that this manipulation led to imagini ...
Implicit Self-esteem - University of Washington
... review). Like other schemas, the self-schema affects information processing. For example, self-consistent information is more efficiently processed than inconsistent information, and self-relevant information is easily recalled and recognized (see Markus and Wurf, 1986, for review). Most importantly ...
... review). Like other schemas, the self-schema affects information processing. For example, self-consistent information is more efficiently processed than inconsistent information, and self-relevant information is easily recalled and recognized (see Markus and Wurf, 1986, for review). Most importantly ...
Moral Rationalization and the Integration of
... that they focus on their role as an obedient subordinate (Kelman & Hamilton, 1989). Blumenthal (1999) theorized that a focus on roles is an important contributor to immoral behavior. If a given role includes aggressive or unethical behavior, individuals may engage in that behavior without realizing ...
... that they focus on their role as an obedient subordinate (Kelman & Hamilton, 1989). Blumenthal (1999) theorized that a focus on roles is an important contributor to immoral behavior. If a given role includes aggressive or unethical behavior, individuals may engage in that behavior without realizing ...
Moral Rationalization and the Integration of
... that they focus on their role as an obedient subordinate (Kelman & Hamilton, 1989). Blumenthal (1999) theorized that a focus on roles is an important contributor to immoral behavior. If a given role includes aggressive or unethical behavior, individuals may engage in that behavior without realizing ...
... that they focus on their role as an obedient subordinate (Kelman & Hamilton, 1989). Blumenthal (1999) theorized that a focus on roles is an important contributor to immoral behavior. If a given role includes aggressive or unethical behavior, individuals may engage in that behavior without realizing ...
Chapter 11
... Answer: b. The driver is a jerk. Rationale: According to the fundamental attribution error, we overestimate enduring characteristics and attribute too much of people’s behavior to who they are and not what’s going on around them. 11.1-15. Mel is listening to a political candidate promote a new healt ...
... Answer: b. The driver is a jerk. Rationale: According to the fundamental attribution error, we overestimate enduring characteristics and attribute too much of people’s behavior to who they are and not what’s going on around them. 11.1-15. Mel is listening to a political candidate promote a new healt ...
Hesitant to label, yet quick to judge: How cultural mindsets affect the
... collectivist mindset are exposed to an elderly person, they may be more inclined to see things in context and to connect the behavior they are seeing with features of the situational context in which it occurs. They are therefore more likely to extract and use concrete, contextualized behaviors from ...
... collectivist mindset are exposed to an elderly person, they may be more inclined to see things in context and to connect the behavior they are seeing with features of the situational context in which it occurs. They are therefore more likely to extract and use concrete, contextualized behaviors from ...
Learning and Conditioning Tutorials
... processing of abstract and even potential, as opposed to existant, relationships among objects in the environment. Building on such early cognitive work, Albert Bandura also believed that humans and some animals do not need contact with consequences or reinforcements in order to learn a new behavior ...
... processing of abstract and even potential, as opposed to existant, relationships among objects in the environment. Building on such early cognitive work, Albert Bandura also believed that humans and some animals do not need contact with consequences or reinforcements in order to learn a new behavior ...
Motivating Sustainable Consumption
... automaticity enters our behaviour, making it much more difficult to change, and undermining a key assumption of the model. Another problem is that affective (emotional) responses confound cognitive deliberation. It is well-known in marketing theory, for example, that consumers build affective relati ...
... automaticity enters our behaviour, making it much more difficult to change, and undermining a key assumption of the model. Another problem is that affective (emotional) responses confound cognitive deliberation. It is well-known in marketing theory, for example, that consumers build affective relati ...
School Refusal or School Anxiety: Differentiation
... • It is hard to even write your name in front of others • You cannot use a urinal or toilet if others are around • Speeches make you change your major • You are always worried about what everyone else will think about you McGrath, 2011 ...
... • It is hard to even write your name in front of others • You cannot use a urinal or toilet if others are around • Speeches make you change your major • You are always worried about what everyone else will think about you McGrath, 2011 ...
Prejudice in Discourse - Website of Teun A. van Dijk
... Fourth, ethnic attitudes in general, and stereotypes and prejudice in particular, also require more focused theorizing. Our perspective in this case resembles that of recent research often summarized under the label of `social cognition' (Forgas 1981). That is, we view prejudice as a form or as a re ...
... Fourth, ethnic attitudes in general, and stereotypes and prejudice in particular, also require more focused theorizing. Our perspective in this case resembles that of recent research often summarized under the label of `social cognition' (Forgas 1981). That is, we view prejudice as a form or as a re ...
Responsibility for Implicit Bias
... and can be operative in influencing judgment and behavior without the conscious awareness of the agent.2 There are three noteworthy features of this understanding of implicit bias. First, the implicit part of the bias pertains to the association, rather than to concepts implicitly held or to any imp ...
... and can be operative in influencing judgment and behavior without the conscious awareness of the agent.2 There are three noteworthy features of this understanding of implicit bias. First, the implicit part of the bias pertains to the association, rather than to concepts implicitly held or to any imp ...
UKU TOOMING The Communicative Significance of Beliefs and
... two types: cognitive and conative attitudes. Beliefs have been taken to be the paradigmatic cognitive attitudes and desires the paradigmatic conative ones. Both beliefs and desires involve two components – an attitude part and a content part – and have satisfaction conditions. Beliefs are satisfied ...
... two types: cognitive and conative attitudes. Beliefs have been taken to be the paradigmatic cognitive attitudes and desires the paradigmatic conative ones. Both beliefs and desires involve two components – an attitude part and a content part – and have satisfaction conditions. Beliefs are satisfied ...
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations
... in interesting activities. Thus, we do sometimes speak of intrinsically interesting activities, but when we do so we are really only talking about tasks that, on average, many people find to be intrinsically interesting. There is considerable practical utility in focusing on task properties and thei ...
... in interesting activities. Thus, we do sometimes speak of intrinsically interesting activities, but when we do so we are really only talking about tasks that, on average, many people find to be intrinsically interesting. There is considerable practical utility in focusing on task properties and thei ...
CIGARETTE SMOKERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF FEAR-APPEAL ADVERTISING BY
... “Advertising does not first get attention, and then create an emotion. Advertising creates an emotion, which results in attention.” (Du Plessis, 2005, p.84) Advertising and the effect it can have on an individual’s behaviour is a phenomenon that the researcher found intriguing; for example, how coul ...
... “Advertising does not first get attention, and then create an emotion. Advertising creates an emotion, which results in attention.” (Du Plessis, 2005, p.84) Advertising and the effect it can have on an individual’s behaviour is a phenomenon that the researcher found intriguing; for example, how coul ...
"Americans oppose our participation in the Vietnam war, but over a
... A; Murray) which elicit deep-rooted emotional attitudes rather than merely conventional opinions or ideological statements.. ...
... A; Murray) which elicit deep-rooted emotional attitudes rather than merely conventional opinions or ideological statements.. ...
Knowledge of, and ability to operate within, professional and ethical guidelines
... beliefs, practices and lifestyles, and considering any implications for the way in which an intervention is carried out. There are of course many ways in which both clinicians and those with whom they work may vary in beliefs, practices and lifestyles. Some may not be immediately apparent, leading t ...
... beliefs, practices and lifestyles, and considering any implications for the way in which an intervention is carried out. There are of course many ways in which both clinicians and those with whom they work may vary in beliefs, practices and lifestyles. Some may not be immediately apparent, leading t ...
Caregivers` Perceptions of an Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer`s
... American community. Researchers have demonstrated that both pessimistic Alzheimer’sdirected health beliefs, and negative perceptions of the effectiveness and the accessibility of medical care act as barriers to care seeking by African American family members of individuals with the disease. Recent r ...
... American community. Researchers have demonstrated that both pessimistic Alzheimer’sdirected health beliefs, and negative perceptions of the effectiveness and the accessibility of medical care act as barriers to care seeking by African American family members of individuals with the disease. Recent r ...
Module 10a--Operant and Cognitive Approaches
... A. people learn from the examples of others without themselves being reinforced B. repetition results in reflexive habits without awareness C. behavior is influenced by its consequences and whether they increase or decrease the likelihood of that behavior being repeated D. stimuli are paired to elic ...
... A. people learn from the examples of others without themselves being reinforced B. repetition results in reflexive habits without awareness C. behavior is influenced by its consequences and whether they increase or decrease the likelihood of that behavior being repeated D. stimuli are paired to elic ...
The Malleability of Automatic - Homepages | The University of
... stereotypes and prejudice are inescapable, and consequently, biased judgment and behavior are very difficult to avoid. In addition, the belief that automatic associations are deep seated and impervious to strategic efforts has contributed to the idea that such associations represent people's true at ...
... stereotypes and prejudice are inescapable, and consequently, biased judgment and behavior are very difficult to avoid. In addition, the belief that automatic associations are deep seated and impervious to strategic efforts has contributed to the idea that such associations represent people's true at ...
Beyond Use: Understanding Evaluation`s Influence on Attitudes and
... the program processes and interim outcomes. Analogously, a theory of evaluation influence can be developed to connect evaluation activities and outputs with evaluation outcomes, identifying potential linkages between immediate, intermediate, and long-range outcomes that are indicators or precursors ...
... the program processes and interim outcomes. Analogously, a theory of evaluation influence can be developed to connect evaluation activities and outputs with evaluation outcomes, identifying potential linkages between immediate, intermediate, and long-range outcomes that are indicators or precursors ...
Attitude change
Attitudes are associated beliefs and behaviors towards some object. They are not stable, and because of the communication and behavior of other people, are subject to change by social influences, as well as by the individual's motivation to maintain cognitive consistency when cognitive dissonance occurs--when two attitudes or attitude and behavior conflict. Attitudes and attitude objects are functions of affective and cognitive components. It has been suggested that the inter-structural composition of an associative network can be altered by the activation of a single node. Thus, by activating an affective or emotional node, attitude change may be possible, though affective and cognitive components tend to be intertwined.