Cognitive control - Translational Neuromodeling Unit
... • Regulation of emotion necessary for successful adaptive behavior. It has been conceptualized as processes through which individuals modulate their emotions either consciously or unconsciously. • Conscious emotion regulation allows us to interact with our complex environment in a goal-directed mann ...
... • Regulation of emotion necessary for successful adaptive behavior. It has been conceptualized as processes through which individuals modulate their emotions either consciously or unconsciously. • Conscious emotion regulation allows us to interact with our complex environment in a goal-directed mann ...
Chapter 4 monkey
... that the neuronal activity builds up more gradually after learning, causing slower but more accurate decisions. ...
... that the neuronal activity builds up more gradually after learning, causing slower but more accurate decisions. ...
Getting Over It: Long-Lasting Effects of Emotion
... Little is known about whether emotion regulation can have lasting effects on the ability of a stimulus to continue eliciting affective responses in the future. We addressed this issue in this study. Participants cognitively reappraised negative images once or four times, and then 1 week later, they ...
... Little is known about whether emotion regulation can have lasting effects on the ability of a stimulus to continue eliciting affective responses in the future. We addressed this issue in this study. Participants cognitively reappraised negative images once or four times, and then 1 week later, they ...
chelazzi et al 2012 - Emergent Attention Lab
... The fundamental role of the system would be to allow an individual to readily select information in the environment that has been perceived and attended in the recent past, capitalizing on the fact that the world around us rarely undergoes instantaneous changes. Key properties of this mechanism woul ...
... The fundamental role of the system would be to allow an individual to readily select information in the environment that has been perceived and attended in the recent past, capitalizing on the fact that the world around us rarely undergoes instantaneous changes. Key properties of this mechanism woul ...
Form representation in monkey inferotemporal cortex is virtually
... activity in the inferotemporal cerebral cortex (IT)1,2, but most studies of IT neuronal responses have been done under restricted viewing and task conditions. Typically, non-human primates stare at a fixation point while isolated stimuli are flashed on the retina, often in a task that does not requi ...
... activity in the inferotemporal cerebral cortex (IT)1,2, but most studies of IT neuronal responses have been done under restricted viewing and task conditions. Typically, non-human primates stare at a fixation point while isolated stimuli are flashed on the retina, often in a task that does not requi ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... interpolation method to construct the DPA. D1, The grid of stimuli used (36 circles, each 0.64° in diameter) to measure the RF profile of each neuron was centered on the hand-plotted RF (response plane technique). D2, The RF profile constructed from responses to this stimulus grid was smoothed (D3) ...
... interpolation method to construct the DPA. D1, The grid of stimuli used (36 circles, each 0.64° in diameter) to measure the RF profile of each neuron was centered on the hand-plotted RF (response plane technique). D2, The RF profile constructed from responses to this stimulus grid was smoothed (D3) ...
A simultaneous ERP/fMRI investigation of the P300 aging effect
... al., 2008; Solbakk et al., 2008). Because elderly participants are typically found to perform the oddball task at a comparable level with younger participants, the differences in P300 topography have been proposed to represent the compensatory activation of additional neural networks. Fabiani et al. ...
... al., 2008; Solbakk et al., 2008). Because elderly participants are typically found to perform the oddball task at a comparable level with younger participants, the differences in P300 topography have been proposed to represent the compensatory activation of additional neural networks. Fabiani et al. ...
A multi-level account of selective attention
... Broadbent’s notion that selection must be early, as these basic attributes appeared to be all that was retained from the unattended auditory stream. Not long after Broadbent’s seminal book, Moray (1959) demonstrated that selection was not always implemented by an early filtering mechanism, as he not ...
... Broadbent’s notion that selection must be early, as these basic attributes appeared to be all that was retained from the unattended auditory stream. Not long after Broadbent’s seminal book, Moray (1959) demonstrated that selection was not always implemented by an early filtering mechanism, as he not ...
The Receptive Fields of Inferior Temporal Cortex Neurons in Natural
... sufficient, but especially when two stimuli were on the screen, one or two more saccades were sometimes needed, because sometimes the first saccade was to the nontarget object. The firing rates of a cell as a function of the distance from the effective stimulus were measured during each period in wh ...
... sufficient, but especially when two stimuli were on the screen, one or two more saccades were sometimes needed, because sometimes the first saccade was to the nontarget object. The firing rates of a cell as a function of the distance from the effective stimulus were measured during each period in wh ...
Perception – Gain Control
... Band, G. P., van der Molen, M. W., & Logan, G. D. (2003). Horse-race model simulations of the stop-signal procedure. Acta Psychol (Amst), 112(2), 105-142. Becker, T. M., Kerns, J. G., Macdonald, A. W., 3rd, & Carter, C. S. (2008). Prefrontal Dysfunction in First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia Pat ...
... Band, G. P., van der Molen, M. W., & Logan, G. D. (2003). Horse-race model simulations of the stop-signal procedure. Acta Psychol (Amst), 112(2), 105-142. Becker, T. M., Kerns, J. G., Macdonald, A. W., 3rd, & Carter, C. S. (2008). Prefrontal Dysfunction in First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia Pat ...
Chap 6 Learning
... – Negative reinforcement = response followed by removal of an aversive stimulus • Escape learning • Avoidance learning ...
... – Negative reinforcement = response followed by removal of an aversive stimulus • Escape learning • Avoidance learning ...
Been There, Seen That: A Neural Mechanism for Performing
... MODELING EFFICIENCY OF SEARCH. The model we used to quantify the animals’ saccadic behavior is based on the variable memory model of visual search (Arani et al. 1984; Horowitz 2006). This model is aimed at seeing how well the animals followed the basic rules of the task. The original model had three ...
... MODELING EFFICIENCY OF SEARCH. The model we used to quantify the animals’ saccadic behavior is based on the variable memory model of visual search (Arani et al. 1984; Horowitz 2006). This model is aimed at seeing how well the animals followed the basic rules of the task. The original model had three ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... performance after focal SC inactivation of the representation of the target stimulus. Downward black arrow indicates the decreased performance caused by SC inactivation. From [16!!]. (b) Discriminability of the strongest (highest priority) stimulus by neuronal responses in the owl OT as a function o ...
... performance after focal SC inactivation of the representation of the target stimulus. Downward black arrow indicates the decreased performance caused by SC inactivation. From [16!!]. (b) Discriminability of the strongest (highest priority) stimulus by neuronal responses in the owl OT as a function o ...
ppt - UC Davis Imaging Research Center
... across studies No studies have been run assessing whether behavioral effects vary according to the type of switch required Only recently have attempts been made to dissociate neural activity in regard to different types of shifts (Wager, et al., 2005). We focus on two types of shifts: Percep ...
... across studies No studies have been run assessing whether behavioral effects vary according to the type of switch required Only recently have attempts been made to dissociate neural activity in regard to different types of shifts (Wager, et al., 2005). We focus on two types of shifts: Percep ...
Heightened Interference on Implicit, but Not Explicit, Tests of
... of heightened interference previously observed in amnesic patients and institutionalized old people. It is important to emphasize that the results do not rule out the possibility that other brain regions, notably the frontal lobes, may also be implicated in controlling interference (Luria, 1971; Shi ...
... of heightened interference previously observed in amnesic patients and institutionalized old people. It is important to emphasize that the results do not rule out the possibility that other brain regions, notably the frontal lobes, may also be implicated in controlling interference (Luria, 1971; Shi ...
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli
... the impact on network behavior of varying the strength of the inhibitory parameter Jei, which represented the strength of inhibition exerted by inhibitory neurons on their excitatory targets. As inhibition increased, the behavior of the network passed through three modes. At low inhibitory strength, ...
... the impact on network behavior of varying the strength of the inhibitory parameter Jei, which represented the strength of inhibition exerted by inhibitory neurons on their excitatory targets. As inhibition increased, the behavior of the network passed through three modes. At low inhibitory strength, ...
Chapter 3
... The CS becomes associated with the absence of the US (e.g. a dog bites only in the absence of its owner, so the owner gets to be a signal of safety) ...
... The CS becomes associated with the absence of the US (e.g. a dog bites only in the absence of its owner, so the owner gets to be a signal of safety) ...
On-line, voluntary control of human temporal lobe
... sensory stimuli competing with a rich stream of internal deliberations, plans and ruminations. The brain must select one or more of these for further processing. How this competition is resolved across multiple sensory and cognitive regions is not known; nor is it clear how internal thoughts and att ...
... sensory stimuli competing with a rich stream of internal deliberations, plans and ruminations. The brain must select one or more of these for further processing. How this competition is resolved across multiple sensory and cognitive regions is not known; nor is it clear how internal thoughts and att ...
A Computer Simulation of Olfactory Cortex with Functional
... is believed to play a significant role in the classification and storage of olfactory information 1•2•3 . For several years we have been using computer simulations as a tool for studying information processing within this cortex4•5. While we are ultimately interested in higher order functional quest ...
... is believed to play a significant role in the classification and storage of olfactory information 1•2•3 . For several years we have been using computer simulations as a tool for studying information processing within this cortex4•5. While we are ultimately interested in higher order functional quest ...
Chapter 6 Learning Objectives with SubQuestions #1) Describe
... #10) Describe punishment and distinguish between punishment and negative reinforcement (pp 186‐187 + complete the table at the end of this document to use as a study aid for this objective) • What is punishment, and what does it do to a person’s tendency to repeat a certain response? Does it str ...
... #10) Describe punishment and distinguish between punishment and negative reinforcement (pp 186‐187 + complete the table at the end of this document to use as a study aid for this objective) • What is punishment, and what does it do to a person’s tendency to repeat a certain response? Does it str ...
attention - CMU Graphics
... ● Spatial attention will increase the gain of all neurons whose receptive field overlaps the current attentional focus, creating an enhanced representation at that location that is akin to a local increase in contrast ...
... ● Spatial attention will increase the gain of all neurons whose receptive field overlaps the current attentional focus, creating an enhanced representation at that location that is akin to a local increase in contrast ...
Classical Conditioning
... • Belief that behavior is learned – genetics has little to do with it. ...
... • Belief that behavior is learned – genetics has little to do with it. ...
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus
... behavioral measure (e.g. greater accuracy in identifying the stimulus, or faster response times to make a decision about it), and often occurs under the same experimental conditions as RS. Nevertheless, it is important to note that, under certain conditions, priming can be associated with increased ...
... behavioral measure (e.g. greater accuracy in identifying the stimulus, or faster response times to make a decision about it), and often occurs under the same experimental conditions as RS. Nevertheless, it is important to note that, under certain conditions, priming can be associated with increased ...
Negative priming
Negative priming is an implicit memory effect in which prior exposure to a stimulus unfavorably influences the response to the same stimulus. It falls under the category of priming, which refers to the change in the response towards a stimulus due to a subconscious memory effect. Negative priming describes the slow and error-prone reaction to a stimulus that is previously ignored. For example, a subject may be imagined trying to pick a red pen from a pen holder. The red pen becomes the target of attention, so the subject responds by moving their hand towards it. At this time, they mentally block out all other pens as distractors to aid in closing in on just the red pen. After repeatedly picking the red pen over the others, switching to the blue pen results in a momentary delay picking the pen out (however, there is a decline in the negative priming effect when there is more than one nontarget item that is selected against). The slow reaction due to the change of the distractor stimulus to target stimulus is called the negative priming effect.Negative priming is believed to play a crucial role in attention and memory retrieval processes. When stimuli are perceived through the senses, all the stimuli are encoded within the brain, where each stimulus has its own internal representation. In this perceiving process, some of the stimuli receive more attention than others. Similarly, only some of them are stored in short-term memory. Negative priming is highly related to the selective nature of attention and memory.Broadly, negative priming is also known as the mechanism by which inhibitory control is applied to cognition. This refers only to the inhibition stimuli that can interfere with the current short-term goal of creating a response. The effectiveness of inhibiting the interferences depends on the cognitive control mechanism as a higher number of distractors yields higher load on working memory. Increased load on working memory can in turn result in slower perceptual processing leading to delayed reaction. Therefore, negative priming effect depends on the amount of distractors, effectiveness of the cognitive control mechanism and the availability of the cognitive control resources.