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A density model of the Andean subduction zone
A density model of the Andean subduction zone

... sediments that make up the coast, Western Cordillera, and Altiplano, with density = 2.65-2.8 g/cm3. 2) The high-velocity layer (HVL) (6.4-6.8 km/s; 5 km thick) at the base of the upper crust can be interpreted as a relict of the basaltic-gabbroic oceanic crust with a density of 2.9-3.0 g/cm3. This l ...
pdf 1.5Mb
pdf 1.5Mb

... roots of former volcanic arcs ...
Subduction and collision processes in the Central Andes
Subduction and collision processes in the Central Andes

... The Central Andes are the Earth's highest mountain belt formed by ocean±continent collision1,2. Most of this uplift is thought to have occurred in the past 20 Myr, owing mainly to thickening of the continental crust2±6, dominated by tectonic shortening7±10. Here we use P-to-S (compressional-to-shear ...
4. Geological setting – the Andean plateau - diss.fu
4. Geological setting – the Andean plateau - diss.fu

... The Tibetan Plateau in the Himalayas and et al., 1999; 2000; Rousse et al., 2005) as well as the Altiplano-Puna Plateau in the Central Andes are differential shortening indicate counterclockwise the only two examples of active plateau orogens rotation (up to 45°) north of the symmetry axis worldwide ...
INTRODUCCIÓN: LOS ANDES
INTRODUCCIÓN: LOS ANDES

... Fig. 6: The Dolores Guayaquil Mega Fault (DGM) separates different parts of the Ecuadorian mainland in a transformal way. ...
Mountains, biodiversity and conservation
Mountains, biodiversity and conservation

... only in the West Indies. The area contains 62 of the 141 tree species endemic to Puerto Rico and 23 of these are found only in this area, in primary forest stands (Lugo, 1994). The wet paramos of Central America Paramos are highland areas, lying within the tropical zone, between 11° north and 8° sou ...
CIDER 2011 Research Discussion 1
CIDER 2011 Research Discussion 1

... CIDER 2011 Research Discussion 1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY ...
Late 20th Century Tests of the Continental Drift Hypothesis
Late 20th Century Tests of the Continental Drift Hypothesis

... continents that it originally rifted. Not surprisingly, the ocean basin is symmetric. Immediately beside the ridge/rift lie the abyssal plains – basaltic oceanic crust that has moved away from the ridge, cooled, and subsided as far as it can. Depths on the abyssal plains run fairly consistently 4-5 ...
What drives orogeny in the Andes?
What drives orogeny in the Andes?

... the South American plate above the subducting Nazca plate. The South American plate is drifting westward at a rate that has increased from 2 to 3 cm/yr during the past 30 m.y. (Silver et al., 1998). There is a dramatic difference in structure and evolution between the central Andes (#17$–27$S) and t ...
File
File

... This is all of the land that is drained by the Amazon River System…it is close to the same size as the ...
amazonbasingeologicaldevelopment
amazonbasingeologicaldevelopment

... Sea-floor spreading from a Mid-Ocean Ridge (eg Mid-Atlantic Ridge) This diagram shows the relationship between the Mid-Ocean Ridge and a Subduction Zone to the east. New crust is created at the M.O.R. then “swallowed up” at the subduction zone. On the western side of the ocean a continent is being p ...
Cyclical Behavior in Cordilleran Orogenic Systems
Cyclical Behavior in Cordilleran Orogenic Systems

... • Extensional and strike-slip fault systems cut orogenic hinterland regions, and are commonly associated with mafic magmatism (Marrett et al., 1994; Wells & Hoisch, 2008). • In the modern South American Cordillera, where crustal shortening is greatest—on the order of several hundred km (McQuarrie, 2 ...
File - Home
File - Home

... The Incan Empire was located on the western side of South America. Although the Empire was huge, it can be easily divided into three geographical regions - mountains, jungle, and desert. Running north to south were the Andes Mountains - home of the Inca civilization. The mountains dominated Incan so ...
Constructive Forces of Mountain Building
Constructive Forces of Mountain Building

... •  Which mountain range is longer: the Rockies or the Andes? The Andes is longer. •  What factors help make the Andes the longest continental mountain range? The long edge of the continent moves perpendicular to its long axis, creating a range along its length. 3.  Explore: Where do mountains form ...
Plate tectonics in the Andes
Plate tectonics in the Andes

... crustal melting incorporating some of the crust minerals in the melt. The final magma collects in ‘Magma Chambers’ and with increasing pressure eventually erupts as volcanoes. The final erupted material is called ‘Andesite’ named after the Andes where it was first identified. ...
Changes in the tectonic regime above a subduction zone of andean
Changes in the tectonic regime above a subduction zone of andean

... edges of thr Andes, tectonic being conpressionel, ULL is 63 and ullsmxis 01. fn the High Andes,Vzz becaaesQ(, then the E-U trendingUHsux is VZ and~iimin trending Y-S occur in this direction (Fig. Q). ...
Geography Exercise ppt
Geography Exercise ppt

... Large desert in Northern China ...
South America - Madison County Schools
South America - Madison County Schools

... 1. The Southern Cone Countries are Chile, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. 2. The northern part of the region is covered by the Pampas, which are grass-covered plains that are excellent for agriculture and raising livestock. 3. The southern part of the region is the plateau area of Patagonia. 4. The ...
South America Slide3 (002) Mountains - kdps-y4fw
South America Slide3 (002) Mountains - kdps-y4fw

... around 4,500 miles (7,242km) long. The highest mountain in the Andes is Mount Aconcagua which has an elevation of 6,962m. The only mountain range in the world that is higher than the Andes is the Himalayas in Asia. BACK ...
South America - St. Joseph Hill Academy
South America - St. Joseph Hill Academy

... many Native Americans in the Caribbean because many died from diseases when the European came. • Many Native Americans married Europeans and their descendents are called mestizos • Native Americans also intermarried with African ...
8_Plate_Tectonics
8_Plate_Tectonics

... the South American plate. The heavier oceanic crust of the Nazca plate is pushed towards the South American plate, and because it is denser it is subducted underneath. The South American plate is less dense so it sits on top of this subduction zone, but the rocks of the South American plate have bee ...
1 Week 8 THE THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS 1. Warm
1 Week 8 THE THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS 1. Warm

... the South American plate. The heavier oceanic crust of the Nazca plate is pushed towards the South American plate, and because it is denser it is subducted underneath. The South American plate is less dense so it sits on top of this subduction zone, but the rocks of the South American plate have bee ...
Landforms excellent project example
Landforms excellent project example

... -Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina  4500 miles long The seven  Tectonic Location countries that ...
Scientific news n°460 ( PDF , 1051 Ko)
Scientific news n°460 ( PDF , 1051 Ko)

... causes major earthquakes. Glossary GPS:#39'?*9#4'.!$!'"!"2#5;.$&06#*#29'?*9#)'.!$!'"!"2#.;.$&0< Fault: the boundary between two tectonic blocks or plates on which earthquakes occur. ...
Movement of tectonic plates over time
Movement of tectonic plates over time

... Highlands and flows southward through Paraguay and Argentina. It meets with several other rivers to create the Rio de la Plata a very important estuary in South America. ...
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Andes



The Andes is the longest continental mountain range in the world. It is a continual range of highlands along the western coast of South America. This range is about 7,000 km (4,300 mi) long, about 200 to 700 km (120 to 430 mi) wide (widest between 18° south and 20° south latitude), and of an average height of about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina.Along its length, the Andes is split into several ranges, which are separated by intermediate depressions. The Andes is the location of several high plateaux – some of which host major cities, such as Quito, Bogotá, Arequipa, Medellín, Sucre, Mérida and La Paz. The Altiplano plateau is the world's second-highest after the Tibetan plateau. These ranges are in turn grouped into three major divisions based on climate: the Tropical Andes, the Dry Andes, and the Wet Andes.The Andes is the world's highest mountain range outside of Asia. The highest mountain outside Asia, Mount Aconcagua, rises to an elevation of about 6,961 m (22,838 ft) above sea level. The peak of Chimborazo in the Ecuadorean Andes is farther from the Earth's center than any other location on the Earth's surface, due to the equatorial bulge resulting from the Earth's rotation. The world's highest volcanoes are in the Andes, including Ojos del Salado on the Chile-Argentina border which rises to 6,893 m (22,615 ft).
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