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A Quick Guide To Common Childhood Diseases
A Quick Guide To Common Childhood Diseases

... is a quick reference only and is intended to assist care providers with identifying common childhood diseases so that actions can be taken to decrease the spread of the illness or infestation to others. Parents and caregivers who would like more information regarding the illnesses and infestations d ...
A Quick Guide To Common Childhood Diseases
A Quick Guide To Common Childhood Diseases

... is a quick reference only and is intended to assist care providers with identifying common childhood diseases so that actions can be taken to decrease the spread of the illness or infestation to others. Parents and caregivers who would like more information regarding the illnesses and infestations d ...
MMR Serology Table
MMR Serology Table

... (Prepared with the assistance of the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance) ...
Acquisition of MRSA through Oral Sex and Treatment of Carrier
Acquisition of MRSA through Oral Sex and Treatment of Carrier

... MRSA has posed major concerns in the hospital setting for years, and it is now on the rise not only in the hospitals but also in the community.1 CA MRSA is common in day care centers, as well as within sports teams and military recruits.2 Approximately one percent of the United States (US) populatio ...
Infectious Disease Exposure Control Plan
Infectious Disease Exposure Control Plan

... Types of Communicable Diseases (Not Inclusive) A. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) -Aids is a virus that attacks a person's immune system and reduces the ability to fight other diseases. This makes the infected person vulnerable to life threatening illnesses such as pneumonia, meningitis, ...
Pediatric Pneumonia Guidelines: Inconsistencies between
Pediatric Pneumonia Guidelines: Inconsistencies between

... CAP in patients well enough to be treated in the outpatient setting (after evaluation in the office, clinic, or emergency department setting). (strong recommendation; high-quality evidence) Chest radiographs, posteroanterior and lateral, should be obtained in patients with suspected or documented hy ...
Calf Scours: Causes, Prevention and Treatment
Calf Scours: Causes, Prevention and Treatment

... E. coli scours is characterized by diarrhea and progressive dehydration. Death may occur in a few hours before diarrhea develops. The color and consistency of the feces are of little value in making a diagnosis of any type of diarrhea. The course varies from 2 to 4 days, and severity depends on age ...


... vaccine as well as detect rare events. Millions of doses of HPV Vaccine have been distributed in the U.S. since 2006. Since its recommendation for routine use in the U.S. in 2007, no serious safety concerns have been identified. Common, mild side effects included pain where the shot was given, fever ...
Microbes, Biohazards and Pathogens
Microbes, Biohazards and Pathogens

... germs and germicides. The more we know the less we fear. The number of different species on this planet is estimated to be between 10 and 100 million. Man is one of them. More than 3 million are microbes. Microbes are hearty and have been around for millions of years. The future of mankind depends u ...
Infectious Diseases in New Mexico
Infectious Diseases in New Mexico

... Figure 1.1 Sentinel Provider ILI Visits and Laboratory Influenza Tests, New Mexico, 2007- 2011 Figure 1.2 Influenza related Hospitalization Rates by Age Group, New Mexico, 2007-2011 Figure 1.3 Pertussis Incidence, United States and New Mexico, 2006–2010 Figure 1.4 Pertussis Incidence by Age Group in ...
Expression and characterization of RNA-dependent
Expression and characterization of RNA-dependent

Examples of questions for the exam
Examples of questions for the exam

... Change in bowel habits is unusual. It tends to occur in children and youngsters. Alcohol abuse does not increase risk for colon cancer. Colorectal cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer death in developing countries. Cancer of the small intestine is rare. E. Max point: 1 Achieved point A. B. C. ...
Induction of Antiviral Response Against Avian Infectious
Induction of Antiviral Response Against Avian Infectious

... PAMPs that act as ligands for TLRs prompt downstream signalling leading to antimicrobial effects. However, the details of antiviral responses of lipotechoic acid (LTA) and CpG DNA, which act as ligands for TLR-2 and -21 respectively, elicited against avian viruses are scarce. We investigated whether ...
nail and nail-bed disorders
nail and nail-bed disorders

...  Bacterial infection/inflammation of soft tissue around the nail or claw (paronychia) or fungal infection of the nail or claw (onychomycosis)—treatment may be prolonged and response may be influenced by underlying factors that decrease the immune response (immunosuppressive factors)  Fungal infect ...
IDEXX IBR gE Ab Test Differentiates between marker
IDEXX IBR gE Ab Test Differentiates between marker

... The IDEXX IBR gE Ab Test is an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 specific gE antibodies in bovine serum, plasma and milk samples. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a highly contagious, infectious disease that is caused by bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1). Typical clin ...
I.E. Illegal Entry - Philippine Heart Center
I.E. Illegal Entry - Philippine Heart Center

... large bilobed fluttering echogenic density attached to the pacemaker wire at the right atrial side prolapsing to the right ventricular inflow during diastole suggestive of vegetation. She underwent removal of right atrial and right ventricular lead; explantation of previously placed pulse generator; ...
A review of HIV transmission
A review of HIV transmission

... Late postnatal transmission means a breastfed child who becomes infected with HIV only after 3-6 months of age. Definitions of late postnatal transmission vary between studies. Lipase means any fat-splitting enzyme. Lipid means any one of a widely varying group of fats and fat-like organic substance ...
Framework for the surveillance, prevention and control of dengue
Framework for the surveillance, prevention and control of dengue

... strengthen and maintain the capacity of the health sector to detect, report and respond to public health events; maintain communication networks with agencies and organizations within their jurisdictions to ensure an effective response to public health events and to receive information about events ...
Subcritical endemic steady states in mathematical models for animal
Subcritical endemic steady states in mathematical models for animal

... and homogeneous and proportional mixing between seropositives and seronegatives. We derive an expression for the basic reproduction number, Ro , and perform an equilibrium and stability analysis. We ®nd that it may be possible for there to be two endemic equilibria (one stable and one unstable) for ...
Superficial Fungal Infection
Superficial Fungal Infection

... for 2 to 4 weeks. Fluconazol: 6mg/kg/day once daily for 6wk Itraconazole: 5mg/kg/day,once daily or divided into two doses,for 2 to 4 weeks ...
RSV in the NICU - Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
RSV in the NICU - Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

... • Repeat RSV testing done in NICU at 8 days – None of exposed infants RSV positive • Continue isolation for previously positive babies • Keep exposed infants cohorted • Bring NICU babies located in alternative sites back to NICU and cohort them • Admit new babies to unexposed cohort ...
Differential expression of surface membrane Trypanosoma congolense
Differential expression of surface membrane Trypanosoma congolense

... and immunoglobulin Fe receptors on M (Ross 1989), specific immune responsiveness is mediated through cooperation with T and B lymphocytes by virtue of their ability to process and present antigens in conjunction with Ia antigens on their surface membrane (Unanue & Allen 1987). Both of these M ...
Viral Diseases in Zebrafish: What Is Known and Unknown
Viral Diseases in Zebrafish: What Is Known and Unknown

... The potential effects of unrecognized viral infections may, in some cases, be similar to the confounding effects documented for parasitic and bacterial infections in zebrafish and other laboratory fishes. Mycobacterium spp. are the most important bacterial pathogens of laboratory zebrafish and cause ...
Abstract
Abstract

... research where the confounding effects due to unknown infectious agents are a serious concern. Research areas such as aging, cancer, immunity, infection, and toxicology often require that the zebrafish be maintained for a much greater portion of their life span and that the histopathologic changes i ...
SARS Transmission.qxd
SARS Transmission.qxd

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Hepatitis B



Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.
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