Cross-Clade Protective Immune Responses to Influenza Viruses
... influenza virus-like particle (VLP) as a new generation of non-egg or non-mammalian cell culture-based candidate vaccine. Methodology/Principal Findings. We generated from a baculovirus expression system using insect cells, a non-infectious recombinant VLP vaccine from both influenza A H5N1 clade 1 ...
... influenza virus-like particle (VLP) as a new generation of non-egg or non-mammalian cell culture-based candidate vaccine. Methodology/Principal Findings. We generated from a baculovirus expression system using insect cells, a non-infectious recombinant VLP vaccine from both influenza A H5N1 clade 1 ...
Chickenpox – Facts - Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit
... The chickenpox virus spreads easily through the air or through direct contact with the fluid in a chickenpox blister. Chickenpox is infectious up to five days before to five days after the rash first appears or until all the spots have crusted. The only way to stop the spread of the virus from perso ...
... The chickenpox virus spreads easily through the air or through direct contact with the fluid in a chickenpox blister. Chickenpox is infectious up to five days before to five days after the rash first appears or until all the spots have crusted. The only way to stop the spread of the virus from perso ...
1. What is Measles? Measles is a highly contagious disease that is
... Africa, children are vaccinated against measles as part of the SA-EPI (Expanded Program on Immunisation) schedule at 9 months of age and receive a booster at 18 months of age. The measles vaccine is safe and effective. After these 2 doses of vaccine the protection rate is 95%. Immunity persists for ...
... Africa, children are vaccinated against measles as part of the SA-EPI (Expanded Program on Immunisation) schedule at 9 months of age and receive a booster at 18 months of age. The measles vaccine is safe and effective. After these 2 doses of vaccine the protection rate is 95%. Immunity persists for ...
?Have you ever wondered about how the human body works? The
... of bacteria live in the large intestine and colon. This type of bacteria helps the body process food and keep harmful bacteria from traveling up the digestive track and harming other parts of the body. When bacteria in the colon and large intestine are disturbed, people can experience symptoms like ...
... of bacteria live in the large intestine and colon. This type of bacteria helps the body process food and keep harmful bacteria from traveling up the digestive track and harming other parts of the body. When bacteria in the colon and large intestine are disturbed, people can experience symptoms like ...
The Role of Environmental Transmission in Recurrent Avian
... Anseriformes (ducks) and Charadriiformes (shorebirds). Long-term studies of AIV prevalence in North America [14,15] have gathered time series of annual estimates that extend over 26 years for Anseriformes and 20 years for Charadriiformes. The data is stratified over influenza subtype: H3, H4, and H6 ...
... Anseriformes (ducks) and Charadriiformes (shorebirds). Long-term studies of AIV prevalence in North America [14,15] have gathered time series of annual estimates that extend over 26 years for Anseriformes and 20 years for Charadriiformes. The data is stratified over influenza subtype: H3, H4, and H6 ...
Review Antimicrobial prophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery: the role of
... most authors as standard prophylaxis during clean surgical procedures, including elective orthopaedic surgery, if methicillin-resistant staphylococci have not been isolated in the nosocomial environment.10,20,22,31,59,61,72–77 Pefloxacin has been the only fluoroquinolone to be studied as a prophylac ...
... most authors as standard prophylaxis during clean surgical procedures, including elective orthopaedic surgery, if methicillin-resistant staphylococci have not been isolated in the nosocomial environment.10,20,22,31,59,61,72–77 Pefloxacin has been the only fluoroquinolone to be studied as a prophylac ...
Large-Scale Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Production Using
... involved in every step of the viral life cycle, whereas the cap ORF encodes the three structural proteins, VP1, VP2, and VP3, that form the icosahedral capsid. The only viral sequences that are retained in the recombinant vector genome are the inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), which constitute the m ...
... involved in every step of the viral life cycle, whereas the cap ORF encodes the three structural proteins, VP1, VP2, and VP3, that form the icosahedral capsid. The only viral sequences that are retained in the recombinant vector genome are the inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), which constitute the m ...
Shingles - Region of Waterloo Public Health
... Shingles is a painful rash that develops on one side of the face or body. The rash forms blisters that typically scab over in seven to ten days and clear up within two to four weeks. Before the rash develops, people often have pain, itching, or tingling in the area where the rash will develop. This ...
... Shingles is a painful rash that develops on one side of the face or body. The rash forms blisters that typically scab over in seven to ten days and clear up within two to four weeks. Before the rash develops, people often have pain, itching, or tingling in the area where the rash will develop. This ...
Tuberculosis in domestic animal species (PDF Available)
... and wild boars, with a limited number of studies performed in domestic pigs. However the close resemblance in ecology, behaviour and management of wild boars and pigs raised in free ranging conditions allows to combine here the evidences resulting from both species as a single background to address ...
... and wild boars, with a limited number of studies performed in domestic pigs. However the close resemblance in ecology, behaviour and management of wild boars and pigs raised in free ranging conditions allows to combine here the evidences resulting from both species as a single background to address ...
The Molecular Basis of Procalcitonin Synthesis in Different Infectious
... bacterial infections only. Understanding the molecular basis of PCT synthesis, which is determined by the interaction between the initiating insult (infections or non-infectious injuries) and the host response summarized in the current review, will help us to the interpret PCT levels at the bedside ...
... bacterial infections only. Understanding the molecular basis of PCT synthesis, which is determined by the interaction between the initiating insult (infections or non-infectious injuries) and the host response summarized in the current review, will help us to the interpret PCT levels at the bedside ...
california association for medical laboratory technology
... any type of mammalian cell, but is absolutely required for the retroviral life cycle (Figure 2). Therefore, all retroviruses (including HIV) must carry the gene for their own RT enzyme into their host cell, and utilize the protein-producing machinery of the host to produce this essential molecule. T ...
... any type of mammalian cell, but is absolutely required for the retroviral life cycle (Figure 2). Therefore, all retroviruses (including HIV) must carry the gene for their own RT enzyme into their host cell, and utilize the protein-producing machinery of the host to produce this essential molecule. T ...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency
... Screening is done by blood tests that look for antibodies to HIV and HIV antigen. In the great majority of people, an antibody response to HIV will be detected within three months of an infection with the virus. Alternatively, a person who tests negative but has been involved in high-risk behavior ...
... Screening is done by blood tests that look for antibodies to HIV and HIV antigen. In the great majority of people, an antibody response to HIV will be detected within three months of an infection with the virus. Alternatively, a person who tests negative but has been involved in high-risk behavior ...
Induction of immune responses to bovine herpesvirus type 1 gD in
... a situation where there is an unavoidable window of susceptibility to disease following the decline of maternally derived antibody and prior to the development of active humoral responses (MacDonald, 1992). This window of susceptibility occurs because the maternal titre capable of inhibiting the res ...
... a situation where there is an unavoidable window of susceptibility to disease following the decline of maternally derived antibody and prior to the development of active humoral responses (MacDonald, 1992). This window of susceptibility occurs because the maternal titre capable of inhibiting the res ...
Extinction thresholds in host–parasite dynamics
... threshold density of susceptibility to infection. For densities below this critical value, any initial trace of infection will be removed at a faster rate than it can build up (Bailey 1964). This threshold can be defined on the basis of another important concept in epidemiology: the basic reproducti ...
... threshold density of susceptibility to infection. For densities below this critical value, any initial trace of infection will be removed at a faster rate than it can build up (Bailey 1964). This threshold can be defined on the basis of another important concept in epidemiology: the basic reproducti ...
Infectious Diarrhea
... diarrhea - loose, non-bloody, low volume. • Next morning was found to be lethargic, confused, and with slurred speech by her husband. • Brought to OSH septic shock. She was intubated, and started on vasopressors and empiric abx. Transferred to BGSMC for higher level of care. ...
... diarrhea - loose, non-bloody, low volume. • Next morning was found to be lethargic, confused, and with slurred speech by her husband. • Brought to OSH septic shock. She was intubated, and started on vasopressors and empiric abx. Transferred to BGSMC for higher level of care. ...
HA Infection Control Plan for SARS
... SARS, a new emerging disease in 2003, caused an epidemic in Hong Kong leading to 1755 infected cases, of whom 299 died Vigilance for SARS must therefore be maintained in both community and hospital settings because resurgence of SARS is possible as experienced in Singapore and China in 2004. The las ...
... SARS, a new emerging disease in 2003, caused an epidemic in Hong Kong leading to 1755 infected cases, of whom 299 died Vigilance for SARS must therefore be maintained in both community and hospital settings because resurgence of SARS is possible as experienced in Singapore and China in 2004. The las ...
(2)3-10 病毒15-1期3547.indd - Bacteriophage Ecology Group
... phage genome translocation into the adsorbed bacterium (Abedon, 1994) whereas superinfection immunity is a post genome-translocation mechanism by which subsequent secondary phage genetic contribution to infections is curtailed, though not always successfully (Fogg, et al., 2010). From the terms empl ...
... phage genome translocation into the adsorbed bacterium (Abedon, 1994) whereas superinfection immunity is a post genome-translocation mechanism by which subsequent secondary phage genetic contribution to infections is curtailed, though not always successfully (Fogg, et al., 2010). From the terms empl ...
Application APP202377 - Environmental Protection Authority
... IBV is widespread in New Zealand (19% prevalence in farmed poultry), although presence of the virus does not necessarily correlate with clinical disease (Ramneek et al, 2005; Howell, 1992). It was first detected in New Zealand in 1967, four serotypes (A, B, C, and D) were subsequently isolated and d ...
... IBV is widespread in New Zealand (19% prevalence in farmed poultry), although presence of the virus does not necessarily correlate with clinical disease (Ramneek et al, 2005; Howell, 1992). It was first detected in New Zealand in 1967, four serotypes (A, B, C, and D) were subsequently isolated and d ...
Cleaning equipment - Careerforce Library
... infections. Infection prevention is about doing things that will stop germs and infections from being spread (carried) from one person to another. If you work in a healthcare setting then you will be working with vulnerable people for whom an additional infection could be fatal. Infection control is ...
... infections. Infection prevention is about doing things that will stop germs and infections from being spread (carried) from one person to another. If you work in a healthcare setting then you will be working with vulnerable people for whom an additional infection could be fatal. Infection control is ...
STUDIES IN RODENT POLIOMYELITIS
... time, this cavian strain of SK murine virus is running in its 52nd generation, and, on routine intracerebral transfer, (0.1 cc. 10 per cent brain-cord suspension) paralyzes nearly all injected guinea pigs after an incubation period of from 3 to 6 days. Cavian virus also regularly transfers back to m ...
... time, this cavian strain of SK murine virus is running in its 52nd generation, and, on routine intracerebral transfer, (0.1 cc. 10 per cent brain-cord suspension) paralyzes nearly all injected guinea pigs after an incubation period of from 3 to 6 days. Cavian virus also regularly transfers back to m ...
PDF - Microbiology Society
... The Peter Wildy Prize for Microbiology Education to Professor Simon Cutting, Royal Holloway, University of London, for the development of an extensive and productive programme of educational courses in Vietnam. A more detailed appreciaton of the prizewinners’ work will appear elsewhere in Microbiolo ...
... The Peter Wildy Prize for Microbiology Education to Professor Simon Cutting, Royal Holloway, University of London, for the development of an extensive and productive programme of educational courses in Vietnam. A more detailed appreciaton of the prizewinners’ work will appear elsewhere in Microbiolo ...
Medical approach to puppies and kittens with diarrhoea
... • Bacterial enteropathogens are commonly found in the faeces of healthy pets • Ronidazole is the current drug of choice for treatment of Tritrichomonas foetus • Cryptosporidium parvum infection has been diagnosed in association with intestinal cellular infiltrates indistinguishable from those seen w ...
... • Bacterial enteropathogens are commonly found in the faeces of healthy pets • Ronidazole is the current drug of choice for treatment of Tritrichomonas foetus • Cryptosporidium parvum infection has been diagnosed in association with intestinal cellular infiltrates indistinguishable from those seen w ...
Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 Inhibits
... that S. aureus often initiates host binding via cell surface extracellular matrix-binding proteins (ECMBPs) [11], it seems reasonable to suggest that ECMBPs present within RC-14 BSF may effectively compete with S. aureus ECMBPs for binding to host sites. This could explain, in part, the competitive ...
... that S. aureus often initiates host binding via cell surface extracellular matrix-binding proteins (ECMBPs) [11], it seems reasonable to suggest that ECMBPs present within RC-14 BSF may effectively compete with S. aureus ECMBPs for binding to host sites. This could explain, in part, the competitive ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.