Syphilis: using modern approaches to understand an old disease
... using treponemal serologic tests. Rapid point-of-care tests (58), EIAs (59), and CIAs (60, 61) have been developed that detect antitreponemal IgM and IgG antibodies, usually to recombinant T. pallidum proteins. The EIA/CIA tests can be automated, which has led some large laboratories in the United S ...
... using treponemal serologic tests. Rapid point-of-care tests (58), EIAs (59), and CIAs (60, 61) have been developed that detect antitreponemal IgM and IgG antibodies, usually to recombinant T. pallidum proteins. The EIA/CIA tests can be automated, which has led some large laboratories in the United S ...
Zinc and human immunodeficiency virus infection
... lower CD4⫹ lymphocyte counts and lower serum zinc levels. In a more recent study by Neves et al, [11] zinc alone at 0.1mmol/L (654g/dL) induced in vitro LPRs in PBMCs from HIV-negative controls and asymptomatic HIV-infected patients, but no such mitogenic effect was seen in symptomatic AIDS patient ...
... lower CD4⫹ lymphocyte counts and lower serum zinc levels. In a more recent study by Neves et al, [11] zinc alone at 0.1mmol/L (654g/dL) induced in vitro LPRs in PBMCs from HIV-negative controls and asymptomatic HIV-infected patients, but no such mitogenic effect was seen in symptomatic AIDS patient ...
The Reemergence of Measles - University Of Wisconsin
... specific [10]. The rash usually appears 14 days after exposure (range 7– 18 days) [11, 12]. The classic rash (Fig. 1) in patients with measles is red, blotchy, maculopapular, and develops in a cephalocaudal and centrifugal distribution—it begins on the face, becomes generalized, and lasts 4–7 days. ...
... specific [10]. The rash usually appears 14 days after exposure (range 7– 18 days) [11, 12]. The classic rash (Fig. 1) in patients with measles is red, blotchy, maculopapular, and develops in a cephalocaudal and centrifugal distribution—it begins on the face, becomes generalized, and lasts 4–7 days. ...
The great debate over iodine in wound care continues: a review of
... pharmacopeia of iodine-based products available can prove daunting. This review outlines the properties of iodine-based products and seeks to examine the relevant clinical studies in an attempt to provide an evidence-based structure to facilitate the choice of iodine-based product. The authors revie ...
... pharmacopeia of iodine-based products available can prove daunting. This review outlines the properties of iodine-based products and seeks to examine the relevant clinical studies in an attempt to provide an evidence-based structure to facilitate the choice of iodine-based product. The authors revie ...
Reprint
... transmission process over the timescale of interest. For example, in the case of SARS, of the approximately 4 million people in the greater Toronto area, only 225 satisfied the case definition of SARS (6). Given these considerations, in the absence of quarantine, the spread of the disease can be mod ...
... transmission process over the timescale of interest. For example, in the case of SARS, of the approximately 4 million people in the greater Toronto area, only 225 satisfied the case definition of SARS (6). Given these considerations, in the absence of quarantine, the spread of the disease can be mod ...
A C , Sept. 2005, p. 3668–3675 Vol. 49, No. 9
... The aim of the study was to determine if immunomodulation of host defense with recombinant murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) improves the efficacy of trovafloxacin or moxifloxacin in abscesses containing Bacillus fragilis ATCC 23745 and different Escherichia coli strains varying i ...
... The aim of the study was to determine if immunomodulation of host defense with recombinant murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) improves the efficacy of trovafloxacin or moxifloxacin in abscesses containing Bacillus fragilis ATCC 23745 and different Escherichia coli strains varying i ...
Nonlinearities in plant RNA virus fitness
... underlie the genome size limitation observed in RNA (and ssDNA) viruses are unknown. It has been suggested that the ultimate size of single-stranded RNA viruses is limited by the fragility of RNA and the tendency of long strands to break (Cann 2005). In the case of plant RNA viruses, which genome si ...
... underlie the genome size limitation observed in RNA (and ssDNA) viruses are unknown. It has been suggested that the ultimate size of single-stranded RNA viruses is limited by the fragility of RNA and the tendency of long strands to break (Cann 2005). In the case of plant RNA viruses, which genome si ...
Biofilms in wounds: management strategies
... bacteria.25-27 This will, no doubt, change the way clinicians view infection. Chronic biofilm infections, such as catheter infections, endocarditis and osteomyelitis, often persist indefinitely unless the infected material is removed.28-30 This persistence is also evident in chronic wounds.31 For ex ...
... bacteria.25-27 This will, no doubt, change the way clinicians view infection. Chronic biofilm infections, such as catheter infections, endocarditis and osteomyelitis, often persist indefinitely unless the infected material is removed.28-30 This persistence is also evident in chronic wounds.31 For ex ...
Australian Immunisation Handbook
... The incubation period is 2 to 5 days. The disease is communicable for up to 4 weeks, but carriers may shed organisms for longer. Spread is by aerosol transmission or by direct contact with skin lesions or articles soiled by infected persons. The disease can involve almost any mucous membrane. Pharyn ...
... The incubation period is 2 to 5 days. The disease is communicable for up to 4 weeks, but carriers may shed organisms for longer. Spread is by aerosol transmission or by direct contact with skin lesions or articles soiled by infected persons. The disease can involve almost any mucous membrane. Pharyn ...
vaccine information
... mostly affects young children. It is transmitted through consumption of food or water contaminated with faeces that contains the virus. After the virus enters the body of a healthy individual, the infection can be asymptomatic or can cause fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck an ...
... mostly affects young children. It is transmitted through consumption of food or water contaminated with faeces that contains the virus. After the virus enters the body of a healthy individual, the infection can be asymptomatic or can cause fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck an ...
Brucellosis in terrestrial wildlife
... brucellosis’ because of the costs linked to pre-movement testing. It should be emphasised that the introduction of infected individuals into a healthy population is not, on its own, sufficient to cause the effective transmission of Brucella spp. within a given wildlife host. The probability of bruce ...
... brucellosis’ because of the costs linked to pre-movement testing. It should be emphasised that the introduction of infected individuals into a healthy population is not, on its own, sufficient to cause the effective transmission of Brucella spp. within a given wildlife host. The probability of bruce ...
malaria.
... of blood from infected individuals or sharing of needles to inject intravenous drugs, and can be transmitted from an infected pregnant woman to her unborn child. In the United States, however, transmission rarely occurs through blood transfusions, because blood donors are not allowed to donate for s ...
... of blood from infected individuals or sharing of needles to inject intravenous drugs, and can be transmitted from an infected pregnant woman to her unborn child. In the United States, however, transmission rarely occurs through blood transfusions, because blood donors are not allowed to donate for s ...
epidemiology of pertussis Pediatrics paper 2005
... by high single-serum ELISA antibody titers.3,30 This is an important breakthrough, because adolescents and adults often do not come to medical attention until the 3rd or 4th week of illness, a time at which the peak antibody titer has already occurred.3,19 Because of this, titer changes between acut ...
... by high single-serum ELISA antibody titers.3,30 This is an important breakthrough, because adolescents and adults often do not come to medical attention until the 3rd or 4th week of illness, a time at which the peak antibody titer has already occurred.3,19 Because of this, titer changes between acut ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... bromide staining, colorimetric detection using specific probes is now frequently employed. This provides the advantage of an easy-to read and familiar microtitre plate format. Light Cycler PCR has now been applied to the diagnosis of amoebiasis (E Tannich, personal communication; see also http://www ...
... bromide staining, colorimetric detection using specific probes is now frequently employed. This provides the advantage of an easy-to read and familiar microtitre plate format. Light Cycler PCR has now been applied to the diagnosis of amoebiasis (E Tannich, personal communication; see also http://www ...
Medical/Surgical Asepsis and Infection Control
... • What are the Goals for Infection Control – Institute nursing policies and procedures for a health care facility to minimize the spread of microorganisms – To prevent nosocomial or communityacquired infections to patients and other staff members. – Control the spread of infection. ...
... • What are the Goals for Infection Control – Institute nursing policies and procedures for a health care facility to minimize the spread of microorganisms – To prevent nosocomial or communityacquired infections to patients and other staff members. – Control the spread of infection. ...
Diseases of antelope - Ministry for Primary Industries
... Information in Section 1.1 is basically a summary of two extensive review articles on ticks(1)(2). This section is designed to give background information on ticks and stress the importance of not introducing ticks into New Zealand. Each individual statement concerning ticks is therefore not referen ...
... Information in Section 1.1 is basically a summary of two extensive review articles on ticks(1)(2). This section is designed to give background information on ticks and stress the importance of not introducing ticks into New Zealand. Each individual statement concerning ticks is therefore not referen ...
7. CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD) Cause/Epidemiology
... Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal degenerative disorder. It affects approximately one person in every one million people per year worldwide. Typically the average age of onset is 50 years of age. In rare instances, CJD can be dormant for as long as 30 years. Approximately 90 percent o ...
... Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal degenerative disorder. It affects approximately one person in every one million people per year worldwide. Typically the average age of onset is 50 years of age. In rare instances, CJD can be dormant for as long as 30 years. Approximately 90 percent o ...
Slide 1
... may be recommended to patients who are asymptomatic but are close contacts of pertussis cases. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is recommended if exposure to an infectious case occurred within the previous 21 days (the maximum incubation period for pertussis). ...
... may be recommended to patients who are asymptomatic but are close contacts of pertussis cases. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is recommended if exposure to an infectious case occurred within the previous 21 days (the maximum incubation period for pertussis). ...
Determination of susceptibility of various abalone species and
... Executive Summary………………………………………………………………..…………….vii ...
... Executive Summary………………………………………………………………..…………….vii ...
Clinical significance and antimicrobial susceptibility of rapidly
... Rapidly-growing mycobacteria have emerged as significant human pathogens, causing various infections in healthy and immunocompromised hosts. The first cases of disease caused by atypical or environmental mycobacteria were described in the decade of the fifties. The set of these diseases is called my ...
... Rapidly-growing mycobacteria have emerged as significant human pathogens, causing various infections in healthy and immunocompromised hosts. The first cases of disease caused by atypical or environmental mycobacteria were described in the decade of the fifties. The set of these diseases is called my ...
a survey of the status of malaria in guyana and treatments
... can be done in residential areas once residents are alerted. One common way of preventing mosquitoes in Guyana, is by “smoking them out”. This can be done by lighting a fire of grass and leaves in an area where it can be controlled and pose no risk to the community. It is said the smoke drives the m ...
... can be done in residential areas once residents are alerted. One common way of preventing mosquitoes in Guyana, is by “smoking them out”. This can be done by lighting a fire of grass and leaves in an area where it can be controlled and pose no risk to the community. It is said the smoke drives the m ...
prospectives and necessity of eradication of infectious bovine
... The eradication of IBR/IPV in our country relies on voluntary participation of cattle owners, same as in majority of other countries that have already eradicated or are close to complete eradication of the disease, yet with the support and participation of governmental institutions in view of approp ...
... The eradication of IBR/IPV in our country relies on voluntary participation of cattle owners, same as in majority of other countries that have already eradicated or are close to complete eradication of the disease, yet with the support and participation of governmental institutions in view of approp ...
DENGUE AND SEVERE DENGUE Dengue fever facts • Dengue
... headache, fever, exhaustion, severe muscle and joint pain, swollen glands (lymphadenopathy), and rash. The presence (the "dengue triad") of fever, rash, and headache (and other pains) is particularly characteristic of dengue. Other signs of dengue fever include bleeding gums, severe pain behind the ...
... headache, fever, exhaustion, severe muscle and joint pain, swollen glands (lymphadenopathy), and rash. The presence (the "dengue triad") of fever, rash, and headache (and other pains) is particularly characteristic of dengue. Other signs of dengue fever include bleeding gums, severe pain behind the ...
WHO global action plan for laboratory containment of wild polioviruses
... inapparent infection without symptoms, mild illness, aseptic meningitis, or paralytic poliomyelitis 1 . Only about 1% of the infections result in recognized clinical illness. The incubation period is 4-35 days, typically 7-14 days. Initial clinical symptoms may include fever, fatigue, headache, vomi ...
... inapparent infection without symptoms, mild illness, aseptic meningitis, or paralytic poliomyelitis 1 . Only about 1% of the infections result in recognized clinical illness. The incubation period is 4-35 days, typically 7-14 days. Initial clinical symptoms may include fever, fatigue, headache, vomi ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.