File
... DNA. In retroviruses (which inject an RNA strand), a unique enzyme called reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral RNA into DNA, which is then transcribed again into RNA. Once the viral DNA has taken control it induces the host cell's machinery to synthesize viral DNA, protein and starts multiply ...
... DNA. In retroviruses (which inject an RNA strand), a unique enzyme called reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral RNA into DNA, which is then transcribed again into RNA. Once the viral DNA has taken control it induces the host cell's machinery to synthesize viral DNA, protein and starts multiply ...
Blood borne Pathogens Training Module
... All at risk employees are offered the Hepatitis B Vaccination or have a Declination form. This is administered through the office of ...
... All at risk employees are offered the Hepatitis B Vaccination or have a Declination form. This is administered through the office of ...
Lecture 2 - Immunology of TB
... The DTH response does not correlate with protection against TB, since numerous BCG vaccination trials have demonstrated that disease can occur in those who mount a DTH response. As a result, the protective T cell response must be distinguished from the T cell response associated with DTH. An in vitr ...
... The DTH response does not correlate with protection against TB, since numerous BCG vaccination trials have demonstrated that disease can occur in those who mount a DTH response. As a result, the protective T cell response must be distinguished from the T cell response associated with DTH. An in vitr ...
Lymph circulation showing interaction with blood vessels and cells…
... – EVERYONE who participates in risky behaviors. Transmission by: Sex with someone who is HIV positive Sharing needles with infected IV drug users At birth from infected mother Cannot be spread by: Casual contact Through air, feces, food, urine or water Coughing, sneezing, embracing, shaking hands a ...
... – EVERYONE who participates in risky behaviors. Transmission by: Sex with someone who is HIV positive Sharing needles with infected IV drug users At birth from infected mother Cannot be spread by: Casual contact Through air, feces, food, urine or water Coughing, sneezing, embracing, shaking hands a ...
Materials and Methods
... identifying the sources and properties of the strains, mutants, bacteriophages, plasmids, etc. A method, strain, etc., used in only one of several experiments reported in the paper may be described in the Results section or very briefly (one or two sentences) in a table footnote or figure legend. ...
... identifying the sources and properties of the strains, mutants, bacteriophages, plasmids, etc. A method, strain, etc., used in only one of several experiments reported in the paper may be described in the Results section or very briefly (one or two sentences) in a table footnote or figure legend. ...
Respiratory viruses
... • early infection with measles is a risk factor • rare (7/1,000,000 cases of measles) • decrease since vaccination program ...
... • early infection with measles is a risk factor • rare (7/1,000,000 cases of measles) • decrease since vaccination program ...
Official Press Release: When and In Whom to Initiate HCV Therapy
... direct-acting anti-virals for those with the greatest need, particularly those with severe liver disease. Since the panel’s initial recommendation, there have been opportunities to treat many of the highest-risk patients and to learn more about the new medications. “There are also expanding data on ...
... direct-acting anti-virals for those with the greatest need, particularly those with severe liver disease. Since the panel’s initial recommendation, there have been opportunities to treat many of the highest-risk patients and to learn more about the new medications. “There are also expanding data on ...
Communicable Disease
... Pathogen – a germ that cause disease Incubation period – the time from when the pathogen enters the body until the first symptoms appear Clinical stage – stage in which the signs and symptoms arise and most prominent Convalescent stage – signs and symptoms fade and the person is no longer contagious ...
... Pathogen – a germ that cause disease Incubation period – the time from when the pathogen enters the body until the first symptoms appear Clinical stage – stage in which the signs and symptoms arise and most prominent Convalescent stage – signs and symptoms fade and the person is no longer contagious ...
c. Section 1.3 The Immune System
... • Once the right antibody that fits the antigen is found, they are mass produced and clump onto the invading pathogen, marking it for destruction. ...
... • Once the right antibody that fits the antigen is found, they are mass produced and clump onto the invading pathogen, marking it for destruction. ...
Document
... circulate throughout the blood, but will enter the body’s tissues if invaders are detected ...
... circulate throughout the blood, but will enter the body’s tissues if invaders are detected ...
Hepatitis B and HIV Facts - Southern Nevada Health District
... Hepatitis B virus can survive outside the body at least 7 days. During that time, the virus can still cause infection if it enters the body of a person who is not infected. ...
... Hepatitis B virus can survive outside the body at least 7 days. During that time, the virus can still cause infection if it enters the body of a person who is not infected. ...
Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases
... An emerging disease is defined as a new disease, a new presentation of an old problem, or an existing disease that shows up in a new geographic area. The term was first used to describe several new entities in humans that surfaced in the early 1980’s, and since then, new diseases have continued to e ...
... An emerging disease is defined as a new disease, a new presentation of an old problem, or an existing disease that shows up in a new geographic area. The term was first used to describe several new entities in humans that surfaced in the early 1980’s, and since then, new diseases have continued to e ...
PATIENT INFORMATION AUTHOR: PROFESSOR JOHN
... What are upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs)? URTIs are infections of the upper respiratory tract which includes the nose, the sinuses, the throat and the middle ear. The most common site for infection is the nose, and this is called rhinitis. What is the cause of URTIs? They are caused by on ...
... What are upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs)? URTIs are infections of the upper respiratory tract which includes the nose, the sinuses, the throat and the middle ear. The most common site for infection is the nose, and this is called rhinitis. What is the cause of URTIs? They are caused by on ...
Chapter 18 Lecture Notes: Viruses of Eukaryotes
... 2. For negative ss RNA viruses, the RNA is converted to mRNA by viral RNAdependent RNA polymerase (transcriptase) that is carried with in the virus; animal cells do not have this enzyme 3. For dsRNA viruses, the RNA is converted to mRNA by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (transcriptase) that is c ...
... 2. For negative ss RNA viruses, the RNA is converted to mRNA by viral RNAdependent RNA polymerase (transcriptase) that is carried with in the virus; animal cells do not have this enzyme 3. For dsRNA viruses, the RNA is converted to mRNA by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (transcriptase) that is c ...
Introduction to Viral Diseases of Fish
... Viruses are microorganisms which are extremely difficult to study because of their small size and inability to live outside their host tissue. Viruses are classified by the type of nucleic acid they possess, either RNA or DNA, as well as by their size and shape. Initial identification of viral agent ...
... Viruses are microorganisms which are extremely difficult to study because of their small size and inability to live outside their host tissue. Viruses are classified by the type of nucleic acid they possess, either RNA or DNA, as well as by their size and shape. Initial identification of viral agent ...
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
... • Viral – Herpes, Genetial warts, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS • Parasitic - Trichomonas ...
... • Viral – Herpes, Genetial warts, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS • Parasitic - Trichomonas ...
Hepatitis B shots are recommended for all new babies
... B virus? In many cases, the hepatitis B virus passes from mother to baby during birth when the mother does not know she is infected. In other cases, the virus is spread to the baby during close contact with an infected family member, caregiver, or friend. Most people who are infected with hepatitis ...
... B virus? In many cases, the hepatitis B virus passes from mother to baby during birth when the mother does not know she is infected. In other cases, the virus is spread to the baby during close contact with an infected family member, caregiver, or friend. Most people who are infected with hepatitis ...
Bacteria Department
... Viral and non-viral risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Egypt: heterogeneity by histological and immunological subtypes. ...
... Viral and non-viral risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Egypt: heterogeneity by histological and immunological subtypes. ...
Montana State University Billings Athletic Training Education Program BBP/Infection Control
... • HBV is an extremely enduring virus (100 time more contagious than HIV • HBV vaccination is recommended to provide protection against the HBV. ...
... • HBV is an extremely enduring virus (100 time more contagious than HIV • HBV vaccination is recommended to provide protection against the HBV. ...
Notes - Mrs. Kievit Science
... Viruses • Viruses are ______________________________ and can infect all types of organisms. • They are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they cannot replicate outside of cells. • A single virus particle (__________________) is composed of genetic material either DNA or RNA, enclosed in a pro ...
... Viruses • Viruses are ______________________________ and can infect all types of organisms. • They are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they cannot replicate outside of cells. • A single virus particle (__________________) is composed of genetic material either DNA or RNA, enclosed in a pro ...
BRONCHITIS, ACUTE
... onset and short duration (chronic bronchitis is persistent over a long period and recurring over several years). FREQUENT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS • Cough that produces little or no sputum initially, but does later on. • Low fever (usually less than 101° F or 38.3° C). • Burning chest discomfort or feelin ...
... onset and short duration (chronic bronchitis is persistent over a long period and recurring over several years). FREQUENT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS • Cough that produces little or no sputum initially, but does later on. • Low fever (usually less than 101° F or 38.3° C). • Burning chest discomfort or feelin ...
Future VIROLOGY, sept 2007 , 2 (5) 421-424 - HAL
... levels of long-lasting anti-HBsAg antibodies associated with strong CTL response induction (4). Moreover, studies in nonhuman primates demonstrated that DNA vaccine encoding HBV proteins induced high antibodies titers reaching levels required for HBV protection in humans (4). The woodchuck and Pekin ...
... levels of long-lasting anti-HBsAg antibodies associated with strong CTL response induction (4). Moreover, studies in nonhuman primates demonstrated that DNA vaccine encoding HBV proteins induced high antibodies titers reaching levels required for HBV protection in humans (4). The woodchuck and Pekin ...
Second O.I.E. International Workshop on Equine Viral Arteritis
... the carrier stallion. Ongoing documentation of this genetic diversity is critical to: a. Molecular investigations to trace the source of individual outbreaks of EVA, and to monitor the global situation through molecular topotyping b. Continued improvement of molecular diagnostics c. To the rational ...
... the carrier stallion. Ongoing documentation of this genetic diversity is critical to: a. Molecular investigations to trace the source of individual outbreaks of EVA, and to monitor the global situation through molecular topotyping b. Continued improvement of molecular diagnostics c. To the rational ...
Intrauterine fetal infection
... been contaminated by cat feces If the cat’s litter has to be changed, put on gloves and disinfect often with boiling water. ...
... been contaminated by cat feces If the cat’s litter has to be changed, put on gloves and disinfect often with boiling water. ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.