Download Lymph circulation showing interaction with blood vessels and cells…

Describe the structure of the lymphatic system.
Analyze the function of the lymphatic system.
Identify the characteristics and treatment of
common lymphatic disorders.
Apply standard precautions.
Bell Ringer
 Complete the first column o the
Anticipation Guide. WITHOUT the Book!
Then Read….
 THE PAGE NUMBERS are 310-313
 Get out your work from Friday…I need to
see it!
 Bell….
 Pop Quiz
 List one function of the Lymphatic
System
 Put your name on the paper and pass it
up!
 List one function of the Lymphatic
System
What the heck does it do….
 Transports digested fat from the intestine
to the bloodstream
 Removes and destroys toxic substances
 Resists the spread of disease throughout
the body.
Structures….
 LYMPH – fluid that goes between capillary
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blood and tissues.
LYMPH VESSELS – transport excess tissue
fluid back into circulatory system.
LYMPH NODES – produce lymphocytes, filter
out harmful bacteria.
SPLEEN – produces lymphocytes and
monocytes, blood reservoir, recycles old red
cells.
Thymus gland – produces T-LYMPHOCYTES
 Straw-colored fluid (similar to plasma)
 INTERSTITIAL FLUID or tissue fluid because it is in the
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spaces between cells
Composed of H2O, lymphocytes, some granulocytes, O2,
digested nutrients, hormones, salts, CO2 and urea.
NO red blood cells or protein molecules (too large)
Carries digested food, O2 and hormones to cells
Carries wastes back to capillaries for excretion
Since the lymphatic system has no pump, skeletal
muscle action squeezes lymph along
Valves prevent backward flow
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Closely parallel veins
Located in almost all tissues and
organs that have blood vessels
Tissue lymph enters small lymph
vessels which drain into larger
vessels called lymphatics – they flow
into one of two large, main
lymphatics – the 1)THORACIC
DUCT and 2)right lymphatic duct.
1)THORACIC DUCT gets lymph
from left side of chest, head and
neck, abdominal area and lower
limbs  left subclavian vein 
superior vena cava  heart.
2)right lymphatic duct-lymph from
right arm, right side of head and
upper trunk.
Lymph flows only in one direction –
from body organs to the heart.
Lymph circulation showing
interaction with blood vessels
and cells…
Regional lymphatics and
drainage patterns of the left
breast
Palpation of lymph nodes:
Anterior cervical chain
 Tiny, oval shaped - size
of pinhead to size of
almond
 Located alone or grouped
 Site for lymph production
and filter for screening
out harmful substances
 If substance can’t be
destroyed, node
becomes inflamed
Bell……
 Make sure this is complete!...Workbook
pgs 191-192 A and B
 Get out your packets/outlines
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Tonsils
Spleen
Thymus
 Small
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Group Project
You are expected to participate
You are expected to present
Yes, this counts as a grade!
You have 20 minutes to complete. Some of you are
done,.stay in your seat!
 Masses of lymphatic
tissue that produce
lymphocytes and
filter bacteria – they
get smaller in size as
person gets older
 The spleen performs
many important
functions related to the
immune system.
 Sac-like mass of
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lymphatic tissue
Upper left abdominal
cavity, just below
diaphragm
Forms lymphocytes and
monocytes
Filters blood
Stores large amounts of
RBCs – contracts during
vigorous exercise or loss
of blood, to release RBCs
Destroys or removes old
or fragile RBCs
 Upper, anterior thorax, above the heart
 Thymus is also considered an endocrine gland
Bellringer
 Complete 3rd column of Anticipation
Guide…Grade yourself!
 Complete workbook 191 A-F
 Complete 1-5 pg 304
Bellringer
 QUIETLY
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Answer Review questions…1-5 on page
326 in text
Bell…..
 Get out the outline and turn to page 292
in your textbook
Bell
 Text page 324 9 & 10
 You will be taking notes during the
presentations on the forms on your
desks
Define
 Normal Defense/individual’s immune
system
 What is it’s unique feature?
 Page 314, text
 ***Chain of Infection Group GO!
Small Group Project
 You are expected to participate
 You are expected to present
 Yes, this counts as a grade!
 http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id
=7053834n
Bell
 Text 327
 Case study
 – the body’s ability to resist bacterial
invasion and disease.
 2 general types –
 natural
and acquired.
NATURAL IMMUNITY – at birth,
inherited and permanent.
Includes:
 Unbroken skin
 Mucus and tears
 Blood phagocytes
 Local inflammation
 – body’s reaction to
invaders
 Acquired artificially by injecting antibodies to
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protect from a specific disease
Immediate immunity
Lasts 3-5 weeks
Used when someone exposed to measures,
tetanus, infectious hepatitis
Mother provides newborn with some passive
immunity
ACTIVE ACQUIRED
IMMUNITY
 – lasts longer, two types
IMMUNITY – result of
having had and recovered from a disease.
For example, a child who had measles will
usually not get it again – child’s body has
manufactured antibodies.
 NATURAL ACQUIRED
 ARTIFICIAL ACQUIRED
from being vaccinated
IMMUNITY – comes
 – artificial resistance to a particular
infection by artificial means
 Antigen injected into a person to
stimulate production of antibodies
Assignment
 Complete worksheet from packet
“Immunity Chart”
 Text page 326 matching
 From overhead notes complete the
outline
Bell
 Workbook complete pages 196-197
 J-M
Bell….
 Using “Immunity Chart" and text pages
314 and 315 complete workbook pg 195G and H
Viruses: Smallest organisms Electron
Microscope. Cannot reproduce unless inside
another living cell
 Three Diseases…
Hepatitis B-HBV virus
 Transmitted blood body
secretions
 Liver destruction
 Vaccine Viruses: Smallest
organisms Electron
Microscope. Cannot reproduce
unless inside another living cell
 Hepatitis C-HCV
 Transmitted blood body
secretions
 Liver destruction
 AIDS/HIV-Acquired
Immune Deficiency
syndrome virus
 Cannot fight cancers and
infections
 No cure
OSHA
 passed regulations in 1991 requiring all health care facility
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employers to:
Determine which employees will have exposure to
blood and body fluids
Provide Hepatitis B vaccine free to employees with
exposure risk (or signed refusal)
Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) such as
gloves, gowns, lab coats, masks, and face shields
Provide adequate hand washing facilities and
supplies
Ensure clean & safe work environment
Follow decontamination protocol for contaminated
surfaces
Dispose of infectious wastes correctly
No eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact
lenses, applying lip balm, etc. in risk area
Skills…very serious
responsibility
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http://www.wral.com/news/local/story/86
06924/
 ADENITIS – swelling in the lymph glands
 TONSILLITIS
 In childhood, they may become infected,
enlarged, and cause difficulty swallowing
 Surgery done in extreme cases
 LYMPHADENITIS – enlargement of the lymph
nodes, occurs when infection is present and
body is attempting to fight off the infection.
 HODGKIN’S DISEASE – cancer of the lymph
nodes, painless swelling of lymph nodes is
early symptom. Rx – chemotherapy and
radiation
 Caused by virus
 Frequently in young
adults and children
 Spread by oral contact
(kissing)
 Symptoms – enlarged
lymph nodes, fever,
physical and mental
fatigue,  leukocytes
 Rx – bed rest
HYPERSENSITIVITY
 When the body’s immune
system fails to protect itself
against foreign material, and
instead, the antibodies
formed irritate certain body
cells.
 An abnormal response to a
drug or allergen.
 An ALLERGEN is an
antigen that causes allergic
responses. (Examples of
allergens – ragweed,
penicillin, bee stings, foods,
etc.)
 severe, sometimes fatal allergic reaction
 Antigen-antibody reaction stimulates a
massive secretion of histamine
 Symptoms – breathing problems,
headache, facial swelling, falling blood
pressure, stomach cramps, and vomiting
 Rx – adrenaline
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AIDS/HIV
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Caused by HTLV-III (human T-lymphotrophic virus type III) Commonly caused HIV
or Human immunodeficiency virus.
Affects not only homosexual males but all populations
The patient with AIDS cannot fight off cancers and most infections.
Three responses to HIV infection:
AIDS
ARC (AIDS-related complex)
Asymptomatic infection
Screening tests for HIV/AIDS are available
AIDS
Most severe type of HIV infection
Subject to OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS – a healthy person would fight off these
infections, but a person with AIDS has a compromised immune response.
Symptoms of AIDS
Prolonged fatigue
Persistent fevers or night sweats
Persistent, unexplained cough
Thick coating in throat or on tongue
Easy bruising, unexplained bleeding
Appearance of purple lesions on mucous membranes or skin that don’t go away
Chronic diarrhea
Shortness of breath
Unexplained lymphadenopathy
Unexplained weight loss, 10 pounds or more, in less than 2 months
Incubation period: 1 month to12 years
The AIDS Patient
 Sometimes treated as outcasts
 Healthcare worker should be supportive
 Use of gloves for normal patient contact
is not necessary
AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX
(ARC)
 Has HIV but not AIDS and develops other
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conditions such as:
Chronic diarrhea
Chronic lymphadenopathy
Unexplained weight loss
If life threatening opportunistic infections
develop, then individual is said to have AIDS
ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION - Has HIV but no
symptoms.
– EVERYONE who participates in risky behaviors.
Transmission by:
Sex with someone who is HIV positive
Sharing needles with infected IV drug users
At birth from infected mother
Cannot be spread by:
Casual contact
Through air, feces, food, urine or water
Coughing, sneezing, embracing, shaking hands and
sharing eating utensils
 Prevention:
 Avoid risky behaviors
 Standard precautions
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Assignments/expectations for
Monday!….
 Take 10 notes from video
 Test is on Tues., covers chapters 15 and 16
 Study with the disk in you book (at home)
 Return to your presentation/ Small groups
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*each group may submit 2 questions for
clarification!
 Write # of your question on master-up front.
 Study the mult. Choice Questions!
Bell
 Your papers from yesterday are up front!
 Complete K Chapter 15 Page 197 in workbook
 These are your choices (you may have to use a medical
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dictionary to clarify)
Bronchitis
adenitis
Anemia
melanoma
Some types of cancer
Colitis
emphysema
thrombocytopenia
Bell
 List at least 6 times when hands must be
washed.
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
 Guidelines to be used in patient care setting
 Must be used when there is contact with blood, any body fluid (except
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sweat), mucous membranes and non-intact skin.
Hand washing – the single most effective way to prevent infection.
Wash hands after touching body fluids, even if gloves are worn.
Wash hands immediately after removing gloves, between patient contacts.
Use a plain (non-antimicrobial) soap
Wash for a minimum of 20 seconds
Gloves – worn when touching blood, body fluids, etc.
Mask, eye protection, face shield and gown – during patient care activities
that may generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, etc.
Patient care equipment and linens – handle with care, don’t let it touch
your or clothing, clean or discard appropriately.
Occupational Health and
Blood Bourne Pathogens
 Beware of needles!
 Never recap used needles.
 Dispose of all needles and sharp objects in
sharps container.
 Use mouthpieces, resuscitation bags, or other
ventilation devices as alternative to mouth-tomouth resuscitation.
 A patient who contaminates the environment
should be in a private room or relatively isolated
area.
CBS Sunday Morning Video
clip
 http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id
=7053834n
 Turn in your Essay, now. Up front!
 Bell…Workbook (from packet) f,g,h.
&
 Workbook 208 K
Bell
 4 of you that were out/left early
Thursday…bring your work up NOW!
 Text 327( chapter 15) Case
study****answer even only!
 Write your first and last name on your
packet…bring it up!