power point - Space Plasma Physics
... The results have been applied to scattering of radio waves from EAS ionisation columns for determination of radar cross sections The physics of the EAS has been modelled in a simplistic manner, which might put restrictions on the applicability of our results from this ...
... The results have been applied to scattering of radio waves from EAS ionisation columns for determination of radar cross sections The physics of the EAS has been modelled in a simplistic manner, which might put restrictions on the applicability of our results from this ...
Physical Processes of Gamma Ray Emission in Astrophysics
... See prof. B.S.Acharya talk on WAPP 2012 Radiation ,3rd Ed., (1954), p.386. ...
... See prof. B.S.Acharya talk on WAPP 2012 Radiation ,3rd Ed., (1954), p.386. ...
The Non-Thermal Universe - Astroparticle physics in the Netherlands
... astroparticle physics in Europe* which covers the next decade. The need for such a readmap arises since projects in astroparticle physics move to ever larger sensitivity and scale, with costs of individual projects on the 100 M€ scale or beyond. The roadmap presented here was prepared by the PRC bet ...
... astroparticle physics in Europe* which covers the next decade. The need for such a readmap arises since projects in astroparticle physics move to ever larger sensitivity and scale, with costs of individual projects on the 100 M€ scale or beyond. The roadmap presented here was prepared by the PRC bet ...
music of the spheres - Crystal Magic Orchestra
... There are three elements needed for the co-creativity with Divine Mind. First we need crystal in the form of crystal light, crystal dust, crystal liquid light. Next we need Light from the Sun, which is created from the rainbow rays of infinite sources of the highest frequency of Source. Then we need ...
... There are three elements needed for the co-creativity with Divine Mind. First we need crystal in the form of crystal light, crystal dust, crystal liquid light. Next we need Light from the Sun, which is created from the rainbow rays of infinite sources of the highest frequency of Source. Then we need ...
Homi Bhabha
... which had obvious non-ionising links between pairs of them. These events fitted beautifully the phenomenon of pair production or conversion of quanta into electron-positron pairs according to Dirac's theory. The calculations on the energy losses of charged particles by Bethe and Heitler revealed sev ...
... which had obvious non-ionising links between pairs of them. These events fitted beautifully the phenomenon of pair production or conversion of quanta into electron-positron pairs according to Dirac's theory. The calculations on the energy losses of charged particles by Bethe and Heitler revealed sev ...
Particle Acceleration at Astrophysical
... limitations and some alternatives, are described. Cosmic ray origin and astrophysical shocks can no longer be considered separately. ...
... limitations and some alternatives, are described. Cosmic ray origin and astrophysical shocks can no longer be considered separately. ...
Astrophysical Quark Matter
... http://vega.bac.pku.edu.cn/rxxu “Pulsars and Quark http://vega.bac.pku.edu.cn/rxxu R. R.X. X. ...
... http://vega.bac.pku.edu.cn/rxxu “Pulsars and Quark http://vega.bac.pku.edu.cn/rxxu R. R.X. X. ...
Ding_Muon_TeXtbook_v2.0
... Through the 20th century, it was evident that physics was incomplete. The original understanding of the atom as the smallest unit of matter was beginning to crack. JJ Thomson discovered the a negative particle in 1897 and Rutherford revealed the nucleus in his famous ”gold foil” experiment. These pa ...
... Through the 20th century, it was evident that physics was incomplete. The original understanding of the atom as the smallest unit of matter was beginning to crack. JJ Thomson discovered the a negative particle in 1897 and Rutherford revealed the nucleus in his famous ”gold foil” experiment. These pa ...
Periodic Universal Gravitation Resulting in the Phenomenon of Dark
... constant and a cosine function of cosmic age, while the coefficient of Newton’s universal gravitation is a constant. Periodic gravitation and Newton’s universal gravitation are not contradictory, and the latter is approximately correct for a period of time which is decided by acceptance of errors. I ...
... constant and a cosine function of cosmic age, while the coefficient of Newton’s universal gravitation is a constant. Periodic gravitation and Newton’s universal gravitation are not contradictory, and the latter is approximately correct for a period of time which is decided by acceptance of errors. I ...
Geant4 Simulation Study of Deep Underground Muons: Vertical
... Interaction of the primary cosmic rays (mostly protons and alpha particles) with the atmospheric nuclei produces secondary cosmic rays that are able to reach the Earth’s surface. Among the mentioned secondary cosmic rays are muons, which are the most abundant charged particles at sea level. They int ...
... Interaction of the primary cosmic rays (mostly protons and alpha particles) with the atmospheric nuclei produces secondary cosmic rays that are able to reach the Earth’s surface. Among the mentioned secondary cosmic rays are muons, which are the most abundant charged particles at sea level. They int ...
X-ray Observations of Cosmic Accelerators Greg Madejski SLAC/KIPAC
... • Why the X-ray band? Motivation and brief history • Tools of X-ray astronomy: detectors and telescopes • Observations: Zoo of X-ray sources in the sky • Case studies and “X-ray insights” into the questions of particle acceleration in the cosmos: today - supernova remnants and X-ray binaries ...
... • Why the X-ray band? Motivation and brief history • Tools of X-ray astronomy: detectors and telescopes • Observations: Zoo of X-ray sources in the sky • Case studies and “X-ray insights” into the questions of particle acceleration in the cosmos: today - supernova remnants and X-ray binaries ...
Physical and Cosmological Implications of a Possible Class of
... two different sectors. However, it will be impossible to identify the vacuum rest frame if only one sector produces measurable effects (i.e. if superluminal particles and their influence on the ordinary sector cannot be observed). In our approach, the Michelson-Morley result is not incompatible with ...
... two different sectors. However, it will be impossible to identify the vacuum rest frame if only one sector produces measurable effects (i.e. if superluminal particles and their influence on the ordinary sector cannot be observed). In our approach, the Michelson-Morley result is not incompatible with ...
Exotic Acceleration Mechanisms Mark Trodden U.Penn/Syracuse University
... - Backreaction from finite thickness of string - Microphysical forces counteract cusp formation with particle emission - Region of false vacuum, unsupported by any winding, being expelled from the network at high (but less than c) speed. ...
... - Backreaction from finite thickness of string - Microphysical forces counteract cusp formation with particle emission - Region of false vacuum, unsupported by any winding, being expelled from the network at high (but less than c) speed. ...
Cosmic Topology: A Brief Overview
... Is the space where we live finite or infinite? The popular ancient Greek finite-world response, widely accepted in medieval Europe, is at a first sight open to a devastating objection: in being finite the world must have a limiting boundary. But this is impossible, because a boundary can only separa ...
... Is the space where we live finite or infinite? The popular ancient Greek finite-world response, widely accepted in medieval Europe, is at a first sight open to a devastating objection: in being finite the world must have a limiting boundary. But this is impossible, because a boundary can only separa ...
EBL - UCSC Physics - University of California, Santa Cruz
... UV to the mid-IR that are only a little above the lower limits from observed galaxies. New data on attenuation of gamma rays from blazers now lead to statistically significant measurements of the cosmic gamma ray horizon (CGRH) as a function of source redshift and gamma ray energy that are independe ...
... UV to the mid-IR that are only a little above the lower limits from observed galaxies. New data on attenuation of gamma rays from blazers now lead to statistically significant measurements of the cosmic gamma ray horizon (CGRH) as a function of source redshift and gamma ray energy that are independe ...
URL - StealthSkater
... with D CP2=4, Maxwell's vacuum equations are satisfied. The hypothesis that Kähler current is proportional to a product of an arbitrary function ψ of CP2 coordinates and of the instanton current generalizes Beltrami condition and reduces to it when electric field vanishes. Kähler current has vanishi ...
... with D CP2=4, Maxwell's vacuum equations are satisfied. The hypothesis that Kähler current is proportional to a product of an arbitrary function ψ of CP2 coordinates and of the instanton current generalizes Beltrami condition and reduces to it when electric field vanishes. Kähler current has vanishi ...
Life in the Universe
... o Choose the maximum frame exposure time which will stay in the linear regime. o Then, from the required total exposure time, calculate the necessary number of coadds. ...
... o Choose the maximum frame exposure time which will stay in the linear regime. o Then, from the required total exposure time, calculate the necessary number of coadds. ...
ppt Format
... Because cosmic rays are electrically charged they are deflected by magnetic fields, and their directions have been randomized, making it impossible to tell where they originated. However, cosmic rays in other regions of the Galaxy can be traced by the electromagnetic radiation they produce. Supern ...
... Because cosmic rays are electrically charged they are deflected by magnetic fields, and their directions have been randomized, making it impossible to tell where they originated. However, cosmic rays in other regions of the Galaxy can be traced by the electromagnetic radiation they produce. Supern ...
Results from the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope Giorgio Giacomelli
... that distributes power and data from/to shore. The instrumented part of each line starts at 100 m above the sea floor, so that Cherenkov light can be seen also from upgoing muons coming from neutrino interactions in the rock below the sea or in the sea water beneath the PMTs. The three dimensional s ...
... that distributes power and data from/to shore. The instrumented part of each line starts at 100 m above the sea floor, so that Cherenkov light can be seen also from upgoing muons coming from neutrino interactions in the rock below the sea or in the sea water beneath the PMTs. The three dimensional s ...
Latitudinal and radial gradients of galactic cosmic ray protons in the
... 2 GeV/nucleon. The PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) space borne experiment was launched on 15 June 2006 and is continuously collecting data since then. The apparatus measures electrons, positrons, protons, anti-protons and heavier nuclei from about 100 ...
... 2 GeV/nucleon. The PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) space borne experiment was launched on 15 June 2006 and is continuously collecting data since then. The apparatus measures electrons, positrons, protons, anti-protons and heavier nuclei from about 100 ...
10) Physics and Chemistry of the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
... No longer observable in the visible or UV regime, Much lower ionization fraction than diffuse medium, Electron recombination is much less important due to lack of electrons, Main source of ionization: Cosmic rays! Most of the detected interstellar molecules are observed in dense clouds, Places of st ...
... No longer observable in the visible or UV regime, Much lower ionization fraction than diffuse medium, Electron recombination is much less important due to lack of electrons, Main source of ionization: Cosmic rays! Most of the detected interstellar molecules are observed in dense clouds, Places of st ...
Modeling a dual mirror Cherenkov telescope to analyse pointing
... back in a straight line to their source of origin. Cosmic rays were discovered in 1912 when Victor Hess observed that ionisation rates increased with altitude [1] while the opposite was expected. The measurements were done with balloon experiments carrying electrometers to an height up to 5300 meter ...
... back in a straight line to their source of origin. Cosmic rays were discovered in 1912 when Victor Hess observed that ionisation rates increased with altitude [1] while the opposite was expected. The measurements were done with balloon experiments carrying electrometers to an height up to 5300 meter ...
Cosmic Order out of Primordial Chaos Jones, Bernard JT
... Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands [email protected],[email protected] Summary. Nikos Voglis had many astronomical interests, among them was the question of the origin of galactic angular momentum. In this short trib ...
... Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands [email protected],[email protected] Summary. Nikos Voglis had many astronomical interests, among them was the question of the origin of galactic angular momentum. In this short trib ...
- Achieve the Core
... Part A: Why does the author of the article compare cosmic rays to cannonballs? A. to clarify the role dangerous cosmic rays play in space B. to explain the technical topic of cosmic rays using a familiar object C. to illustrate the explosive nature of the process of forming cosmic rays D. to describ ...
... Part A: Why does the author of the article compare cosmic rays to cannonballs? A. to clarify the role dangerous cosmic rays play in space B. to explain the technical topic of cosmic rays using a familiar object C. to illustrate the explosive nature of the process of forming cosmic rays D. to describ ...
PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
... Even when there is no initial difference of potential between the plates the lower plate acquires a negative charge from the impact on it of some of the cathode rays. We see from the curve that the current between the plates soon reaches a wllue where it is only slightly affected by an increase in t ...
... Even when there is no initial difference of potential between the plates the lower plate acquires a negative charge from the impact on it of some of the cathode rays. We see from the curve that the current between the plates soon reaches a wllue where it is only slightly affected by an increase in t ...
Cosmic ray
Cosmic rays are immensely high-energy radiation, mainly originating outside the Solar System. They may produce showers of secondary particles that penetrate and impact the Earth's atmosphere and sometimes even reach the surface. Composed primarily of high-energy protons and atomic nuclei, they are of mysterious origin. Data from the Fermi space telescope (2013) has been interpreted as evidence that a significant fraction of primary cosmic rays originate from the supernovae of massive stars. However, this is not thought to be their only source. Active galactic nuclei probably also produce cosmic rays.The term ray is a historical accident, as cosmic rays were at first, and wrongly, thought to be mostly electromagnetic radiation. In common scientific usage high-energy particles with intrinsic mass are known as ""cosmic"" rays, and photons, which are quanta of electromagnetic radiation (and so have no intrinsic mass) are known by their common names, such as ""gamma rays"" or ""X-rays"", depending on their origin.Cosmic rays attract great interest practically, due to the damage they inflict on microelectronics and life outside the protection of an atmosphere and magnetic field, and scientifically, because the energies of the most energetic ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) have been observed to approach 3 × 1020 eV, about 40 million times the energy of particles accelerated by the Large Hadron Collider. One can show that such enormous energies might be achieved by means of the Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration in Active galactic nuclei. At 50 J, the highest-energy ultra-high-energy cosmic rays have energies comparable to the kinetic energy of a 90-kilometre-per-hour (56 mph) baseball. As a result of these discoveries, there has been interest in investigating cosmic rays of even greater energies. Most cosmic rays, however, do not have such extreme energies; the energy distribution of cosmic rays peaks at 0.3 gigaelectronvolts (4.8×10−11 J).Of primary cosmic rays, which originate outside of Earth's atmosphere, about 99% are the nuclei (stripped of their electron shells) of well-known atoms, and about 1% are solitary electrons (similar to beta particles). Of the nuclei, about 90% are simple protons, i. e. hydrogen nuclei; 9% are alpha particles, and 1% are the nuclei of heavier elements, called HZE ions. A very small fraction are stable particles of antimatter, such as positrons or antiprotons. The precise nature of this remaining fraction is an area of active research. An active search from Earth orbit for anti-alpha particles has failed to detect them.