Introductory Presentation on Cosmic Rays
... •1912 - Victor Hess reaches 5350 m altitude in a balloon and shows conclusively that the rate of charged particles increases significantly with height: There is an extraterrestrial source of radiation ! •1930 – Pierre Auger discovers particle showers. •1936 - Hess gets Nobel Prize for discovery of c ...
... •1912 - Victor Hess reaches 5350 m altitude in a balloon and shows conclusively that the rate of charged particles increases significantly with height: There is an extraterrestrial source of radiation ! •1930 – Pierre Auger discovers particle showers. •1936 - Hess gets Nobel Prize for discovery of c ...
PHY418 Particle Astrophysics - Particle Physics and Particle
... • Auger also see slight increase in flux in direction of Cen A; both these are 2σ • TA sees “hot spot” near 6h RA, 60° Dec (3.6σ)—but this is broad and not obviously correlated with a potential source • if high-energy CRs are heavy ions as suggested by Auger data, this ...
... • Auger also see slight increase in flux in direction of Cen A; both these are 2σ • TA sees “hot spot” near 6h RA, 60° Dec (3.6σ)—but this is broad and not obviously correlated with a potential source • if high-energy CRs are heavy ions as suggested by Auger data, this ...
elementary particles history
... another particle (called a neutrino by Fermi) which shares energy with the b particle in the decay. ...
... another particle (called a neutrino by Fermi) which shares energy with the b particle in the decay. ...
Study clarifies how gamma rays generated in thunderclouds
... accelerated by the powerful electric field inside the thundercloud toward the positively-charged top and bottom edges of the cloud. When this happens they can create an avalanche of other near-light-speed electrons as they slam into the nuclei of air molecules, releasing still more electrons. In the ...
... accelerated by the powerful electric field inside the thundercloud toward the positively-charged top and bottom edges of the cloud. When this happens they can create an avalanche of other near-light-speed electrons as they slam into the nuclei of air molecules, releasing still more electrons. In the ...
Cosmic rays: the centenary of their discovery
... The Positron and the Muon Skobelzyn seems to have been the first to recognize a high-energy cosmic ray track in a magnet-cloud chamber [5] (see Figure 2) but pride of place for recognizing the positron goes to Anderson [6]. Fig 3 gives the evidence – surprisingly, a particle travelling upwards but r ...
... The Positron and the Muon Skobelzyn seems to have been the first to recognize a high-energy cosmic ray track in a magnet-cloud chamber [5] (see Figure 2) but pride of place for recognizing the positron goes to Anderson [6]. Fig 3 gives the evidence – surprisingly, a particle travelling upwards but r ...
Miriam Israelowitz1 and Dr. David L. Wilson2 1Department
... The purpose of this project was to put together a durable and low-cost Cherenkov radiation detector from a non-imaging optical concentrator and a coincidence system. The goal was to detect Cherenkov radiation from the atmosphere under clear and dark skies. The design of the detector consists of a ce ...
... The purpose of this project was to put together a durable and low-cost Cherenkov radiation detector from a non-imaging optical concentrator and a coincidence system. The goal was to detect Cherenkov radiation from the atmosphere under clear and dark skies. The design of the detector consists of a ce ...
Cosmic Rays - High Energy Physics at Wayne State
... – Decay products (muons, photons, electrons) ...
... – Decay products (muons, photons, electrons) ...
Cosmic ray
Cosmic rays are immensely high-energy radiation, mainly originating outside the Solar System. They may produce showers of secondary particles that penetrate and impact the Earth's atmosphere and sometimes even reach the surface. Composed primarily of high-energy protons and atomic nuclei, they are of mysterious origin. Data from the Fermi space telescope (2013) has been interpreted as evidence that a significant fraction of primary cosmic rays originate from the supernovae of massive stars. However, this is not thought to be their only source. Active galactic nuclei probably also produce cosmic rays.The term ray is a historical accident, as cosmic rays were at first, and wrongly, thought to be mostly electromagnetic radiation. In common scientific usage high-energy particles with intrinsic mass are known as ""cosmic"" rays, and photons, which are quanta of electromagnetic radiation (and so have no intrinsic mass) are known by their common names, such as ""gamma rays"" or ""X-rays"", depending on their origin.Cosmic rays attract great interest practically, due to the damage they inflict on microelectronics and life outside the protection of an atmosphere and magnetic field, and scientifically, because the energies of the most energetic ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) have been observed to approach 3 × 1020 eV, about 40 million times the energy of particles accelerated by the Large Hadron Collider. One can show that such enormous energies might be achieved by means of the Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration in Active galactic nuclei. At 50 J, the highest-energy ultra-high-energy cosmic rays have energies comparable to the kinetic energy of a 90-kilometre-per-hour (56 mph) baseball. As a result of these discoveries, there has been interest in investigating cosmic rays of even greater energies. Most cosmic rays, however, do not have such extreme energies; the energy distribution of cosmic rays peaks at 0.3 gigaelectronvolts (4.8×10−11 J).Of primary cosmic rays, which originate outside of Earth's atmosphere, about 99% are the nuclei (stripped of their electron shells) of well-known atoms, and about 1% are solitary electrons (similar to beta particles). Of the nuclei, about 90% are simple protons, i. e. hydrogen nuclei; 9% are alpha particles, and 1% are the nuclei of heavier elements, called HZE ions. A very small fraction are stable particles of antimatter, such as positrons or antiprotons. The precise nature of this remaining fraction is an area of active research. An active search from Earth orbit for anti-alpha particles has failed to detect them.