Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks in poultry and in
... The virus can survive in faeces for at least 35 days at low temperature (4°C); while at 37°C, viruses could survive for 6 days in stability tests on faecal samples in studies using H5N1 viruses circulating during 2004. Avian influenza viruses can also survive on surfaces, such as those within the po ...
... The virus can survive in faeces for at least 35 days at low temperature (4°C); while at 37°C, viruses could survive for 6 days in stability tests on faecal samples in studies using H5N1 viruses circulating during 2004. Avian influenza viruses can also survive on surfaces, such as those within the po ...
Pyoderma
... Borreliosis - Infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato - The most common carrier – tick Ixodes ricinus - Affects the skin, nervous system, joints, heart - Acute manifestation occurs in the area of the bite after 7-10 days and is sometimes accompanied by non-specific systemic symptoms - E ...
... Borreliosis - Infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato - The most common carrier – tick Ixodes ricinus - Affects the skin, nervous system, joints, heart - Acute manifestation occurs in the area of the bite after 7-10 days and is sometimes accompanied by non-specific systemic symptoms - E ...
Ranaviruses - Purdue Extension
... edema (swelling) of the legs or body (Fig. 1). The virus spreads rapidly within infected hosts. Signs of disease can be seen within days of infection, and death can occur as early as seven days after infection. Ranavirus infections appear to be more lethal in larval than adult amphibians. This may b ...
... edema (swelling) of the legs or body (Fig. 1). The virus spreads rapidly within infected hosts. Signs of disease can be seen within days of infection, and death can occur as early as seven days after infection. Ranavirus infections appear to be more lethal in larval than adult amphibians. This may b ...
Internal Medicine Board Review: Infectious Diseases
... PLUS levofloxacin 750 mg IV qd or gentamicin 7 mg/kg IV daily PLUS linezolid or vancomycin (if MRSA suspected) ...
... PLUS levofloxacin 750 mg IV qd or gentamicin 7 mg/kg IV daily PLUS linezolid or vancomycin (if MRSA suspected) ...
Viewpoint Use of serological surveys to generate key insights into
... pandemic.3 For these first two groups, if suitable serum banks existed, the deployment of current serological tests could have helped to clarify the association between serological profiles and protective immunity. The third group includes infections for which infectioninduced antibodies are not thoug ...
... pandemic.3 For these first two groups, if suitable serum banks existed, the deployment of current serological tests could have helped to clarify the association between serological profiles and protective immunity. The third group includes infections for which infectioninduced antibodies are not thoug ...
Infection Control (June 2008)
... The problem of aerosols and splatters in the dental operatory has been well researched and documented — just google “dental aerosols” and you are overwhelmed by the reference material available. Dental drills and ultrasonic scalers give off a high number of aerosol particles containing body fluids — ...
... The problem of aerosols and splatters in the dental operatory has been well researched and documented — just google “dental aerosols” and you are overwhelmed by the reference material available. Dental drills and ultrasonic scalers give off a high number of aerosol particles containing body fluids — ...
Urinary Tract Infection
... Infections of the bladder and urethra usually do not cause fever. When an infection occurs in the kidney, however, there is usually a high fever and the child appears quite ill Some practitioners believe that prolonged contact with dirty, soapy water may cause urethral irritation, which can lead to ...
... Infections of the bladder and urethra usually do not cause fever. When an infection occurs in the kidney, however, there is usually a high fever and the child appears quite ill Some practitioners believe that prolonged contact with dirty, soapy water may cause urethral irritation, which can lead to ...
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Other than Human
... Although a number of studies have investigated the sexual behavior of older adults, patterns of condom use are not well defined in this group; however, because the risk for STDs is often linked to younger age or risk of pregnancy, older men and women may be less likely to use condoms. In a survey of ...
... Although a number of studies have investigated the sexual behavior of older adults, patterns of condom use are not well defined in this group; however, because the risk for STDs is often linked to younger age or risk of pregnancy, older men and women may be less likely to use condoms. In a survey of ...
Non odontogenic inflammation diseases
... Pure anaerobic mixed infections also occur. Anaerobic bacteria play a predominant role in the generation and spreading of odontogenic soft tissue infections. Infection by clostridia as well as mixed infections by yeasts and bacteria may occur ...
... Pure anaerobic mixed infections also occur. Anaerobic bacteria play a predominant role in the generation and spreading of odontogenic soft tissue infections. Infection by clostridia as well as mixed infections by yeasts and bacteria may occur ...
Bartholin's Gland Cyst
... vagina at about the 4 and 8 o’clock positions. They have small ducts that open to the outside. The glands produce a fluid that helps protect the tissues around the vagina and provides lubrication during sexual intercourse. Normally, these glands cannot be felt or seen. ...
... vagina at about the 4 and 8 o’clock positions. They have small ducts that open to the outside. The glands produce a fluid that helps protect the tissues around the vagina and provides lubrication during sexual intercourse. Normally, these glands cannot be felt or seen. ...
Cat Scratch Disease - Minnesota Department of Health
... Symptoms usually begin 3 to 14 days after being bitten or scratched by an infected cat. People with a weakened immune system due to disease or medication are more likely to have complications from CSD. These complications are rare and include Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, an eye infection that ...
... Symptoms usually begin 3 to 14 days after being bitten or scratched by an infected cat. People with a weakened immune system due to disease or medication are more likely to have complications from CSD. These complications are rare and include Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, an eye infection that ...
Sterile Pyuria
... of laboratory, radiographic, and invasive evaluation in such large populations can have a considerable effect on health care expenditures.4 Although colony counts greater than 100,000 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter in voided urine have historically been used to distinguish bacterial urina ...
... of laboratory, radiographic, and invasive evaluation in such large populations can have a considerable effect on health care expenditures.4 Although colony counts greater than 100,000 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter in voided urine have historically been used to distinguish bacterial urina ...
Trichinosis
Trichinosis, trichinellosis or trichiniasis is a parasitic disease caused by roundworms of the genus Trichinella. Several subspecies cause human disease, but T. spiralis is the most known. Infection may occur without symptoms, while intestinal invasion can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain or vomiting. Larval migration into muscle tissue (one week after being infected) can cause edema of the face or around the eyes, conjunctivitis, fever, muscle pains, splinter hemorrhages, rashes, and peripheral eosinophilia. Life-threatening cases can result in myocarditis, central nervous system involvement, and pneumonitis. Larval encystment in the muscles causes pain and weakness, followed by slow progression of symptoms.Trichinosis is mainly caused by eating undercooked meat containing encysted larval Trichinella. In the stomach the larvae are exposed to stomach acid and pepsin which releases them from their cysts. They then start invading wall of the small intestine, where they develop into adult worms. Females are 2.2 mm in length; males 1.2 mm. The life span in the small intestine is about four weeks. After 1 week, the females release more larvae that migrate to voluntarily controlled muscles where they encyst. Diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms, and is confirmed by serology or by finding encysted or non-encysted larvae in biopsy or autopsy samples.The best way to prevent trichinellosis is to cook meat to safe temperatures. Using food thermometers can make sure the temperature inside the meat is high enough to kill the parasites. The meat should not be tasted until it is completely cooked. Once infection has been verified treatment with antiparasitic drugs such as albendazole or mebendazole should be started at once. A fast response may help kill adult worms and thereby stop further release of larvae. Once the larvae have established in muscle cells, usually by 3 to 4 weeks after infection, treatment may not completely get rid of the infection or symptoms. Both drugs are considered safe but have been associated with side effects such as bone marrow suppression. Patients on longer courses should be monitored though regular blood counts to detect adverse effects quickly and then discontinue treatment. Both medicines should be treated with caution during pregnancy or children under the age of 2 years, but the WHO weighs the benefits of treatment higher than the risks. In addition to antiparasitic medication, treatment with steroids is sometimes required in severe cases.Trichinosis can be acquired by eating both domestic and wild animals, but is not soil-transmitted.