IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... HCV is known to have marked genetic heterogenicity. Presently HCV can be classified into at least 6 major types(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and series of subtypes. Genotype 1a is common worldwide. In India the most prevalent genotype is 3. Geographical distribution of HCV genotypes45 The relative prevalence o ...
... HCV is known to have marked genetic heterogenicity. Presently HCV can be classified into at least 6 major types(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and series of subtypes. Genotype 1a is common worldwide. In India the most prevalent genotype is 3. Geographical distribution of HCV genotypes45 The relative prevalence o ...
1. Syphilis
... Macrolide or tetracycline drugs are given to patients with penicillin hypersensitivity. Although administration of antibiotics at the early stage kills Treponema pallidum quickly and effectively, the residue of dead Treponema pallidum may cause toxic reaction; within several hours of drug intake, a ...
... Macrolide or tetracycline drugs are given to patients with penicillin hypersensitivity. Although administration of antibiotics at the early stage kills Treponema pallidum quickly and effectively, the residue of dead Treponema pallidum may cause toxic reaction; within several hours of drug intake, a ...
haemorigic fever viruses
... the Scottish island of Gruinard. By 1945 the Japanese programme had stockpiled 400 kg of anthrax spores to be used in bombs. It has been estimated that 50 kg of B. anthracis spores released over an urban population of 5 million would sicken 250 000 and kill 100 000 [11]. The United States (US) has w ...
... the Scottish island of Gruinard. By 1945 the Japanese programme had stockpiled 400 kg of anthrax spores to be used in bombs. It has been estimated that 50 kg of B. anthracis spores released over an urban population of 5 million would sicken 250 000 and kill 100 000 [11]. The United States (US) has w ...
Syphilis Fact Sheet
... Late and Latent Stages The latent (hidden) stage of syphilis begins when primary and secondary symptoms disappear. Without treatment, the infected person can continue to have syphilis in their body even though there are no signs or symptoms. This latent stage can last for years. About 15% of people ...
... Late and Latent Stages The latent (hidden) stage of syphilis begins when primary and secondary symptoms disappear. Without treatment, the infected person can continue to have syphilis in their body even though there are no signs or symptoms. This latent stage can last for years. About 15% of people ...
Wound infection in clinical practice. An
... in chronic wounds and debilitated patients, diagnosis may rely on recognition of subtle local signs or non-specific general signs (such as loss of appetite, malaise, or deterioration of glycaemic control in diabetic patients). The extent and severity of a wound infection will impact on management. I ...
... in chronic wounds and debilitated patients, diagnosis may rely on recognition of subtle local signs or non-specific general signs (such as loss of appetite, malaise, or deterioration of glycaemic control in diabetic patients). The extent and severity of a wound infection will impact on management. I ...
Siste Hivmal - Folkehelseinstituttet
... the progression of HIV infection, and provides concrete answers to a number of questions concerning where one can get help and advice. The contents are primarily intended for persons residing in Norway. The information in this booklet will help with all of the thoughts that will arise when an indivi ...
... the progression of HIV infection, and provides concrete answers to a number of questions concerning where one can get help and advice. The contents are primarily intended for persons residing in Norway. The information in this booklet will help with all of the thoughts that will arise when an indivi ...
Modes of Transmission - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... • Direct contact occurs through: Skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse. Direct contact refers also to contact with soil or vegetation harbouring infectious organisms. ...
... • Direct contact occurs through: Skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse. Direct contact refers also to contact with soil or vegetation harbouring infectious organisms. ...
White Paper
... the speed of social media vs. the speed of government agency outreach). 11) Challenges with endemic diseases include determining if the disease is of importance to the industry, if it is clinical or sub-clinical, adopting the idea “infected unless proven otherwise,” infectious doesn’t mean contagiou ...
... the speed of social media vs. the speed of government agency outreach). 11) Challenges with endemic diseases include determining if the disease is of importance to the industry, if it is clinical or sub-clinical, adopting the idea “infected unless proven otherwise,” infectious doesn’t mean contagiou ...
Review of Cases With the Emerging Fifth Human Malaria Parasite
... Applying the World Health Organization criteria for P. falciparum infection, P. knowlesi infection was evaluated as severe in 7% of the cases, with the most frequent complication being respiratory distress with pulmonary rather than metabolic etiology. A strong correlation was found between parasite ...
... Applying the World Health Organization criteria for P. falciparum infection, P. knowlesi infection was evaluated as severe in 7% of the cases, with the most frequent complication being respiratory distress with pulmonary rather than metabolic etiology. A strong correlation was found between parasite ...
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
... it is likely that many more cases go unreported.76,77 Cyclic fluctuations of the incidence of RMSF have been observed through the decades.78 Of note, the number of RMSF cases reported in the USA in 2004, 2005, and 2006 were 1713,79 1936,80 and 2092,81 respectively (each of these numbers represents th ...
... it is likely that many more cases go unreported.76,77 Cyclic fluctuations of the incidence of RMSF have been observed through the decades.78 Of note, the number of RMSF cases reported in the USA in 2004, 2005, and 2006 were 1713,79 1936,80 and 2092,81 respectively (each of these numbers represents th ...
Petechial-Purpuric Rash, Leukopenia and Thrombocytopenia
... is thought that direct invasion of the virus of hematopoietic progenitor cells and immune mediated destruction of the neutrophils are responsible for low leukocyte count. Viral DNA was detected from the circulating granulocytic cells. On the other hand, upon immunocytochemistry examination, parvovir ...
... is thought that direct invasion of the virus of hematopoietic progenitor cells and immune mediated destruction of the neutrophils are responsible for low leukocyte count. Viral DNA was detected from the circulating granulocytic cells. On the other hand, upon immunocytochemistry examination, parvovir ...
Biosafety Level 2: . Special Practices
... Clinical, diagnostic, teaching, and other laboratories ...
... Clinical, diagnostic, teaching, and other laboratories ...
Micobacterioses em animais selvagens. Mycobacterial
... The most significant mycobacterial diseases of free-living, captive and farmed deer are bovine tuberculosis (M. bovis), paratuberculosis (M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis) and avian tuberculosis (M. avium subsp. avium) (Mackintosh et al., 2004). The reported prevalence, by some countries, of M. bovi ...
... The most significant mycobacterial diseases of free-living, captive and farmed deer are bovine tuberculosis (M. bovis), paratuberculosis (M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis) and avian tuberculosis (M. avium subsp. avium) (Mackintosh et al., 2004). The reported prevalence, by some countries, of M. bovi ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... histologically and usually occurs as result of maternal circulatory disorders, such as pre-eclampsia, hypertension, antiphospholipidic syndrome and thrombophilia. It is also associated with placental poor perfusion and low weight, leading to IUGR [6,9]. The period of time that, placental lesions tak ...
... histologically and usually occurs as result of maternal circulatory disorders, such as pre-eclampsia, hypertension, antiphospholipidic syndrome and thrombophilia. It is also associated with placental poor perfusion and low weight, leading to IUGR [6,9]. The period of time that, placental lesions tak ...
Type and Duration of Isolation Precautions
... duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks. Persons who clean areas heavily contaminated with feces or vomitus may benefit from wearing masks since virus can be aerosolized from these body substances 142, 147 148; ensure consistent environmental cleaning and disinfection with focus on ...
... duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks. Persons who clean areas heavily contaminated with feces or vomitus may benefit from wearing masks since virus can be aerosolized from these body substances 142, 147 148; ensure consistent environmental cleaning and disinfection with focus on ...
Mother-to-child Transmission of Human T-cell
... It is not possible to prevent the development of ATLL or other HTLV-1-associated disorders in HTLV-1 carriers and primary prevention is the only strategy likely to reduce disease. No HTLV-1 vaccine has reached clinical trials and therefore prevention is only achievable by restricting transmission. A ...
... It is not possible to prevent the development of ATLL or other HTLV-1-associated disorders in HTLV-1 carriers and primary prevention is the only strategy likely to reduce disease. No HTLV-1 vaccine has reached clinical trials and therefore prevention is only achievable by restricting transmission. A ...
Management of contacts of MDR TB and XDR TB patients
... The spread of tuberculosis (TB) occurs mainly in settings where prolonged contact between people promotes the transmission from an infectious ‘source case’ with TB disease to one or several ‘contacts’. A main component in stopping the spread of TB is to rapidly diagnose infectious TB disease cases a ...
... The spread of tuberculosis (TB) occurs mainly in settings where prolonged contact between people promotes the transmission from an infectious ‘source case’ with TB disease to one or several ‘contacts’. A main component in stopping the spread of TB is to rapidly diagnose infectious TB disease cases a ...
Slide 1
... program in India would prevent ~44,000 deaths, ~293,000 hospitalizations, and ~328,000 outpatient visits annually, which would avert $20.6 million in medical treatment costs. Vaccination would be cost-saving at the GAVI Alliance price of $0.15 per dose. At $1.00 per dose, a vaccination program would ...
... program in India would prevent ~44,000 deaths, ~293,000 hospitalizations, and ~328,000 outpatient visits annually, which would avert $20.6 million in medical treatment costs. Vaccination would be cost-saving at the GAVI Alliance price of $0.15 per dose. At $1.00 per dose, a vaccination program would ...
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
... has become the leading cause of death (WHO, 2015b). STDs are also especially common in places where people live in less than ideal conditions. In these places, STDs are underdiagnosed and undertreated, and the victims of STDs are thus more likely to suffer serious long-term health consequences. Peop ...
... has become the leading cause of death (WHO, 2015b). STDs are also especially common in places where people live in less than ideal conditions. In these places, STDs are underdiagnosed and undertreated, and the victims of STDs are thus more likely to suffer serious long-term health consequences. Peop ...
The Syphilis Exchange - The Lost Colony Center for Science and
... Syphilis and its rapid blazing spread through the Old World in the late 15th century is controversial, riddled with claims and counter-claims of how, when, and where it originated. Three theories of thought have been proffered and all have enough convincing evidence not to be discarded. The Columbia ...
... Syphilis and its rapid blazing spread through the Old World in the late 15th century is controversial, riddled with claims and counter-claims of how, when, and where it originated. Three theories of thought have been proffered and all have enough convincing evidence not to be discarded. The Columbia ...
An Allee Effect Reduces Tilletia indica Letter to the Editor
... Dikaryotic hyphae penetrate the pericarp through the funiculus and eventually form monokaryotic, diploid teliospores (19,21). ...
... Dikaryotic hyphae penetrate the pericarp through the funiculus and eventually form monokaryotic, diploid teliospores (19,21). ...
Canine Bacterial Pyoderma
... the superficial layers of the epidermis. The infection is just under the stratum corneum and is characterized by a non-follicular pustule usually seen in hairless areas, particularly in young puppies. Superficial folliculitis This is the single most common bacterial skin disease in the dog. The infe ...
... the superficial layers of the epidermis. The infection is just under the stratum corneum and is characterized by a non-follicular pustule usually seen in hairless areas, particularly in young puppies. Superficial folliculitis This is the single most common bacterial skin disease in the dog. The infe ...
Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa: Past and present
... in wildlife studies in the Taï Forest in 1994. These examples show clearly that certain economic activities, which many populations depend on for their survival, are risk factors for EBOV infection. This finding should be taken into account when public health measures need to be implemented in EBOV- ...
... in wildlife studies in the Taï Forest in 1994. These examples show clearly that certain economic activities, which many populations depend on for their survival, are risk factors for EBOV infection. This finding should be taken into account when public health measures need to be implemented in EBOV- ...
Factors Contributing to the Decline of Leprosy in Spain in the
... history that goes back three thousand years, leprosy is one of the oldest diseases known. For centuries, the care of leprosy patients lacked a scientific basis. Affected individuals were isolated from society and from their couples, and diseased children were separated from their families. Later, sci ...
... history that goes back three thousand years, leprosy is one of the oldest diseases known. For centuries, the care of leprosy patients lacked a scientific basis. Affected individuals were isolated from society and from their couples, and diseased children were separated from their families. Later, sci ...
Norris - Dr Addie
... Retrospective clinical study: the clinical records of all cats with histopathologically confirmed feline infectious peritonitis at the University Veterinary Centre Sydney and a private cat hospital in Sydney between 1990 and 2002 were reviewed for signalment, history, physical findings, diagnostic t ...
... Retrospective clinical study: the clinical records of all cats with histopathologically confirmed feline infectious peritonitis at the University Veterinary Centre Sydney and a private cat hospital in Sydney between 1990 and 2002 were reviewed for signalment, history, physical findings, diagnostic t ...
African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases. Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and are most common in rural areas.Initially, in the first stage of the disease, there are fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains. This begins one to three weeks after the bite. Weeks to months later the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness and trouble sleeping. Diagnosis is via finding the parasite in a blood smear or in the fluid of a lymph node. A lumbar puncture is often needed to tell the difference between first and second stage disease.Prevention of severe disease involves screening the population at risk with blood tests for T.b.g. Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms occur. Treatment of the first stage is with the medications pentamidine or suramin. Treatment of the second stage involves: eflornithine or a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine for T.b.g. While melarsoprol works for both it is typically only used for T.b.r. due to serious side effects.The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. As of 2010 it caused around 9,000 deaths per year, down from 34,000 in 1990. An estimated 30,000 people are currently infected with 7000 new infections in 2012. More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin and two in 1920 and 1970 in several African countries. Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected.