Parasite Ecology and the Conservation Biology of Black Rhinoceros
... potentially sexually-selected characteristics or other measures of body condition. This may be because of numerous different factors affecting host resources, of which the parasite groups studied are a relatively small proportion. Parasites can be an important cause of population decline in threaten ...
... potentially sexually-selected characteristics or other measures of body condition. This may be because of numerous different factors affecting host resources, of which the parasite groups studied are a relatively small proportion. Parasites can be an important cause of population decline in threaten ...
Chapter 10 - Denali Rx
... – Presence of artificial fingernails and jewelry (both can harbor microorganisms) ...
... – Presence of artificial fingernails and jewelry (both can harbor microorganisms) ...
Infectious Diseases : a Clinical Short Course
... changed. As our title emphasizes we have created a concise overview of this important field that will allow the busy physician, medical student, nurse practioner, and physician assistant to understand, diagnose and treat common infectious diseases. Mastering the field of infectious diseases seems dau ...
... changed. As our title emphasizes we have created a concise overview of this important field that will allow the busy physician, medical student, nurse practioner, and physician assistant to understand, diagnose and treat common infectious diseases. Mastering the field of infectious diseases seems dau ...
Zoonoses in Europe: a risk to public health
... might be helpful to get some idea of the most important threats. However, this subject is beyond the scope of this report. Preparing for yet unknown zoonoses is difficult and basically means that changes in one of many risk factors – or even just chance – may be followed by the emergence of a new zo ...
... might be helpful to get some idea of the most important threats. However, this subject is beyond the scope of this report. Preparing for yet unknown zoonoses is difficult and basically means that changes in one of many risk factors – or even just chance – may be followed by the emergence of a new zo ...
Fever of unknown origin in returning travellers
... The aim of the article is to discuss issues associated with the occurrence of febrile illnesses in leisure and business travellers, with a particular emphasis on fevers of unknown origin (FUO). FUO, apart from diarrhoeas, respiratory tract infections and skin lesions, are one of the most common heal ...
... The aim of the article is to discuss issues associated with the occurrence of febrile illnesses in leisure and business travellers, with a particular emphasis on fevers of unknown origin (FUO). FUO, apart from diarrhoeas, respiratory tract infections and skin lesions, are one of the most common heal ...
The Outline of Pathology
... tissues, and organs that underlie diseases. By the use of molecular, microbiologic, immunologic, and morphologic techniques, pathology attempts to explain the pathogenesis, etiology, signs and symptoms manifested by patients while providing a sound foundation for rational clinical care and therapy. ...
... tissues, and organs that underlie diseases. By the use of molecular, microbiologic, immunologic, and morphologic techniques, pathology attempts to explain the pathogenesis, etiology, signs and symptoms manifested by patients while providing a sound foundation for rational clinical care and therapy. ...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children Authors: Dori F
... Once attached, M. pneumoniae produces hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, causing injury to epithelial cells and their associated cilia. However, many of the pathogenic features of infection with M. pneumoniae are believed to be immune-mediated rather than induced directly by the bacteria [7,8]. An im ...
... Once attached, M. pneumoniae produces hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, causing injury to epithelial cells and their associated cilia. However, many of the pathogenic features of infection with M. pneumoniae are believed to be immune-mediated rather than induced directly by the bacteria [7,8]. An im ...
Full Text - Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
... clinical picture in parents of children with Rotavirus diarrhea, immune-compromised patients (including those with HIV), old individuals, and travelers to developing countries. In temperate climates, Rotavirus diarrhea occurs predominantly during the fall and winter; in tropical settings and in deve ...
... clinical picture in parents of children with Rotavirus diarrhea, immune-compromised patients (including those with HIV), old individuals, and travelers to developing countries. In temperate climates, Rotavirus diarrhea occurs predominantly during the fall and winter; in tropical settings and in deve ...
Conjunctivitis
... antigen detection is available for adenovirus conjunctivitis. In a study of 186 patients with acute conjunctivitis, this test had a sensitivity of 88% to 89% and a specificity of 91% to 94%. Immunodiagnostic tests may be available for other viruses, but these are not validated for ocular specimens. ...
... antigen detection is available for adenovirus conjunctivitis. In a study of 186 patients with acute conjunctivitis, this test had a sensitivity of 88% to 89% and a specificity of 91% to 94%. Immunodiagnostic tests may be available for other viruses, but these are not validated for ocular specimens. ...
Streptococcal Pharyngitis (StrepThroat) Disease Fact Sheet
... NOT symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis, but indicate viral upper respiratory infections. It is important to realize that most sore throats are not due to streptococcal infections. When a red rash and fever accompany strep throat, it is called scarlet fever. If left untreated, streptococcal pharyn ...
... NOT symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis, but indicate viral upper respiratory infections. It is important to realize that most sore throats are not due to streptococcal infections. When a red rash and fever accompany strep throat, it is called scarlet fever. If left untreated, streptococcal pharyn ...
Recommendations for immunization of solid organ transplant
... A and yellow fever also indicate immunity. Based on these results a catch-up schedule can be designed, including required booster doses. In patients with end-stage organ disease, antibody levels should be determined again after immunization to document vaccine-induced immunity. Specific antibody lev ...
... A and yellow fever also indicate immunity. Based on these results a catch-up schedule can be designed, including required booster doses. In patients with end-stage organ disease, antibody levels should be determined again after immunization to document vaccine-induced immunity. Specific antibody lev ...
Table 1
... and after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in four Latin American countries. Vaccine 2013 ;31 :C99-C108. Lanzieri TM, Costa I, Shafi FA, et al. Trends in hospitalizations from all-cause gastroenteritis in children younger than 5 years of age in Brazil before and after human rotavirus vaccin ...
... and after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in four Latin American countries. Vaccine 2013 ;31 :C99-C108. Lanzieri TM, Costa I, Shafi FA, et al. Trends in hospitalizations from all-cause gastroenteritis in children younger than 5 years of age in Brazil before and after human rotavirus vaccin ...
Meningitis and the effects on Educational settings
... meningitis is “a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges” (CDC, 2014). This usually occurs after an infection that caused fluid around the brain or spinal cord (CDC, 2014). There are two main forms of meningitis that are ...
... meningitis is “a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges” (CDC, 2014). This usually occurs after an infection that caused fluid around the brain or spinal cord (CDC, 2014). There are two main forms of meningitis that are ...
Disease name
... Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (YSFRI, CAFS) provided diagnosis and surveillance services for shrimp viral diseases using the recommended methods outlined the Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals (OIE 2011) in 2011, as well as has been engaged in the deve ...
... Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (YSFRI, CAFS) provided diagnosis and surveillance services for shrimp viral diseases using the recommended methods outlined the Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals (OIE 2011) in 2011, as well as has been engaged in the deve ...
Reprint
... infection will last long enough to experience this cost, thus selecting for even higher virulence. Therefore, we expect the greatest effect of clearance and/or mortality rates on virulence evolution when there is a lag between transmission and virulence. Another area that deserves further investigat ...
... infection will last long enough to experience this cost, thus selecting for even higher virulence. Therefore, we expect the greatest effect of clearance and/or mortality rates on virulence evolution when there is a lag between transmission and virulence. Another area that deserves further investigat ...
Large differences between test strategies for the detection of anti
... [2,3]. First an ELISA is performed, followed by confirmation of positive ELISA results with an immunoblot. This two-step procedure was initiated because first generation ELISA‟s for the detection of anti-Borrelia antibodies lacked specificity. The inclusion of a second, more specific, serological me ...
... [2,3]. First an ELISA is performed, followed by confirmation of positive ELISA results with an immunoblot. This two-step procedure was initiated because first generation ELISA‟s for the detection of anti-Borrelia antibodies lacked specificity. The inclusion of a second, more specific, serological me ...
AASLD PRACTICE GUIDELINE Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Hepatitis C Preamble
... to screen populations for history of risk and to test selected individuals with an identifiable risk factor. With careful questioning, an HCV risk factor can be identified in more than 90% of cases.7 The primary source of HCV transmission is HCV-infected blood or blood products. In the United States ...
... to screen populations for history of risk and to test selected individuals with an identifiable risk factor. With careful questioning, an HCV risk factor can be identified in more than 90% of cases.7 The primary source of HCV transmission is HCV-infected blood or blood products. In the United States ...
Laboratory-Acquired Infections in Flanders (2007
... Accident means any incident involving a significant and unintended release of genetically modified and/or pathogenic (micro-)organisms in the course of their contained use which could present an immediate or delayed hazard to human health or the environment. Bio-incident Bio-incidents are defined as ...
... Accident means any incident involving a significant and unintended release of genetically modified and/or pathogenic (micro-)organisms in the course of their contained use which could present an immediate or delayed hazard to human health or the environment. Bio-incident Bio-incidents are defined as ...
The Diagnosis and Management of Acute and Chronic Sinusitis
... Although rare, complications of acute sinusitis can occur through direct, local extension. With antibiotic treatment, complications occur with an estimated frequency of 1 per 10,000 cases [36]. Clinical presentation may include facial edema, cellulitis, orbital, visual, and meningeal involvement. In ...
... Although rare, complications of acute sinusitis can occur through direct, local extension. With antibiotic treatment, complications occur with an estimated frequency of 1 per 10,000 cases [36]. Clinical presentation may include facial edema, cellulitis, orbital, visual, and meningeal involvement. In ...
judicious use of antimicrobial agents
... achieve this objective, chickens need to be healthy and well cared for; in other words, good farming practices are essential. However, even under perfect farming conditions and with preventative treatments such as vaccines in place, chickens may develop diseases. In instances where no vaccine is ava ...
... achieve this objective, chickens need to be healthy and well cared for; in other words, good farming practices are essential. However, even under perfect farming conditions and with preventative treatments such as vaccines in place, chickens may develop diseases. In instances where no vaccine is ava ...
Comparative pathologic, immunologic and clinical responses
... twelve to fifteen days. They named this agent Oregon 024V. Cross -immunity trials showed that it was closely related to the New York strain 1 of virus diarrhea. The clinical syndrome produced by the agent was not described. Serum neutralization tests indicated not only a relationship with the New Yo ...
... twelve to fifteen days. They named this agent Oregon 024V. Cross -immunity trials showed that it was closely related to the New York strain 1 of virus diarrhea. The clinical syndrome produced by the agent was not described. Serum neutralization tests indicated not only a relationship with the New Yo ...
African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases. Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and are most common in rural areas.Initially, in the first stage of the disease, there are fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains. This begins one to three weeks after the bite. Weeks to months later the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness and trouble sleeping. Diagnosis is via finding the parasite in a blood smear or in the fluid of a lymph node. A lumbar puncture is often needed to tell the difference between first and second stage disease.Prevention of severe disease involves screening the population at risk with blood tests for T.b.g. Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms occur. Treatment of the first stage is with the medications pentamidine or suramin. Treatment of the second stage involves: eflornithine or a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine for T.b.g. While melarsoprol works for both it is typically only used for T.b.r. due to serious side effects.The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. As of 2010 it caused around 9,000 deaths per year, down from 34,000 in 1990. An estimated 30,000 people are currently infected with 7000 new infections in 2012. More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin and two in 1920 and 1970 in several African countries. Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected.