Hepatitis B and C infection in haemodialysis patients in Libya
... A positive history of blood transfusions as well as the number of blood transfusions was strongly associated with HBV or HCV infection at baseline, but not with new infections. Prior to the introduction of effective screening of blood donors, blood transfusions were recognised as the leading source ...
... A positive history of blood transfusions as well as the number of blood transfusions was strongly associated with HBV or HCV infection at baseline, but not with new infections. Prior to the introduction of effective screening of blood donors, blood transfusions were recognised as the leading source ...
Diagnostic tests Testing for tuberculosis
... diagnose active disease or latent infection. If active disease is suspected, it is important to identify the site of disease. Analysis of sputum specimens for mycobacteria should precede other tests. An infection should never be diagnosed as latent until active disease has been excluded. Tuberculin ...
... diagnose active disease or latent infection. If active disease is suspected, it is important to identify the site of disease. Analysis of sputum specimens for mycobacteria should precede other tests. An infection should never be diagnosed as latent until active disease has been excluded. Tuberculin ...
VIRKON®S. VIRKON®S.
... the effects of viruses and bacteria in livestock production. As a disinfectant of choice for governments worldwide, Virkon S leads the way forward in biosecurity ‘best practice’ programmes. ...
... the effects of viruses and bacteria in livestock production. As a disinfectant of choice for governments worldwide, Virkon S leads the way forward in biosecurity ‘best practice’ programmes. ...
Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF
... showed no changes in HIF-1α mRNA levels (S3A Fig). AKB-4924 also elevated productions of VEGF mRNA and protein in the bladders at different infection time points (Fig 3B and S4A Fig). Pharmacological HIF-1α activation remarkably decreased bacterial burden in the urine, bladder and kidneys compared t ...
... showed no changes in HIF-1α mRNA levels (S3A Fig). AKB-4924 also elevated productions of VEGF mRNA and protein in the bladders at different infection time points (Fig 3B and S4A Fig). Pharmacological HIF-1α activation remarkably decreased bacterial burden in the urine, bladder and kidneys compared t ...
Diseases of Cultured Groupers
... disease is always a major constraint and threat to aquaculture production in this region. Numerous infectious diseases have been reported from fish and shrimp cultured in the region. Currently, several emerging diseases are also recognized. These diseases cause large-scale mass mortalities of cultur ...
... disease is always a major constraint and threat to aquaculture production in this region. Numerous infectious diseases have been reported from fish and shrimp cultured in the region. Currently, several emerging diseases are also recognized. These diseases cause large-scale mass mortalities of cultur ...
Style A-Titre article - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... poultry, but also to humans, as the possibility of a zoonotic pandemic increases. Wild birds such as ducks act as carriers for the disease, with chickens and turkeys succumbing to infection. Depending on their ability to cause disease, viruses are classified as being of ‘high pathogenicity’ or ‘low ...
... poultry, but also to humans, as the possibility of a zoonotic pandemic increases. Wild birds such as ducks act as carriers for the disease, with chickens and turkeys succumbing to infection. Depending on their ability to cause disease, viruses are classified as being of ‘high pathogenicity’ or ‘low ...
Paull et al. 2012 superspreaders
... 1997; Lloyd-Smith et al. 2005). Even more effective control is possible when individuals with the potential for disproportionate transmission can be predicted before infecting others (LloydSmith et al. 2005; Hudson et al. 2008), for example based on host characteristics such as weight or sex (eg Per ...
... 1997; Lloyd-Smith et al. 2005). Even more effective control is possible when individuals with the potential for disproportionate transmission can be predicted before infecting others (LloydSmith et al. 2005; Hudson et al. 2008), for example based on host characteristics such as weight or sex (eg Per ...
Vector Competence of California Mosquitoes for West Nile virus
... To identify the mosquito species competent for West Nile virus (WNV) transmission, we evaluated 10 California species that are known vectors of other arboviruses or major pests: Culex tarsalis, Cx. pipiens pipiens, Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. erythrothorax, Ochlerotatus dorsalis, ...
... To identify the mosquito species competent for West Nile virus (WNV) transmission, we evaluated 10 California species that are known vectors of other arboviruses or major pests: Culex tarsalis, Cx. pipiens pipiens, Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. erythrothorax, Ochlerotatus dorsalis, ...
Necropsy techniques and common diseases
... • The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is relatively short • The separate segments (esophagus, stomach, intestine ) are ill-defined • The GIT terminates in the cloaca (as do the reproductive and urinary tracts), which opens to the skin via the vent. ...
... • The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is relatively short • The separate segments (esophagus, stomach, intestine ) are ill-defined • The GIT terminates in the cloaca (as do the reproductive and urinary tracts), which opens to the skin via the vent. ...
PDF
... 1997; Lloyd-Smith et al. 2005). Even more effective control is possible when individuals with the potential for disproportionate transmission can be predicted before infecting others (LloydSmith et al. 2005; Hudson et al. 2008), for example based on host characteristics such as weight or sex (eg Per ...
... 1997; Lloyd-Smith et al. 2005). Even more effective control is possible when individuals with the potential for disproportionate transmission can be predicted before infecting others (LloydSmith et al. 2005; Hudson et al. 2008), for example based on host characteristics such as weight or sex (eg Per ...
Quarterly Report on Syphilis in Ireland
... (http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:159:0046:01:EN:HTML). ...
... (http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:159:0046:01:EN:HTML). ...
Trends in Infectious Disease Mortality in the United States During
... category), tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, measles, typhoid fever, dysentery, syphilis (“syphilis and its sequelae”), and AIDS. These categories were also analyzed as a 9-cause aggregate. The first 8 were chosen because they were the most common infectious causes of death in the first half of t ...
... category), tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, measles, typhoid fever, dysentery, syphilis (“syphilis and its sequelae”), and AIDS. These categories were also analyzed as a 9-cause aggregate. The first 8 were chosen because they were the most common infectious causes of death in the first half of t ...
Current and future burden of communicable diseases in the
... but it will be possible to do so if necessary. Reported incidences will be averaged over a three-year period (20052007) to ensure the stability of estimates. The resulting averages will be checked for representativeness in relation to longer reporting periods and, if necessary, the time span for the ...
... but it will be possible to do so if necessary. Reported incidences will be averaged over a three-year period (20052007) to ensure the stability of estimates. The resulting averages will be checked for representativeness in relation to longer reporting periods and, if necessary, the time span for the ...
LEUCOCYTES BENIGN DISORDERS
... Chronic infection (TB, typhoid fever, infective endocarditis) Recovery from acute infection ...
... Chronic infection (TB, typhoid fever, infective endocarditis) Recovery from acute infection ...
(WHO) Guidelines for safe recreational water environments
... with the contamination apparently being carried from the public toilets, situated very close to the pool, which were found to be grossly contaminated (although a number of nappies were also found at the bottom of the pool during the cleaning operation). The pool was emptied and cleaned and subsequen ...
... with the contamination apparently being carried from the public toilets, situated very close to the pool, which were found to be grossly contaminated (although a number of nappies were also found at the bottom of the pool during the cleaning operation). The pool was emptied and cleaned and subsequen ...
Pediatric Considerations for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Preparedness and Response
... Case‐fatality rate 71% in the 2014 Ebola outbreak – 73.4% in children younger than 15yo – Case‐fatality rate is likely much lower with access to intensive care ...
... Case‐fatality rate 71% in the 2014 Ebola outbreak – 73.4% in children younger than 15yo – Case‐fatality rate is likely much lower with access to intensive care ...
changes of the vaginal biocenosis in cervical dysplasic lesions
... pathogenic germs and the appearance of vulvo-vaginal infections. It is also known that altering the vaginal biocenosis, through the presence of infectious factors at this level, is involved in the initiation of some cellular changes at local level, which in time can lead to a lesional cervix; there ...
... pathogenic germs and the appearance of vulvo-vaginal infections. It is also known that altering the vaginal biocenosis, through the presence of infectious factors at this level, is involved in the initiation of some cellular changes at local level, which in time can lead to a lesional cervix; there ...
Meningitis Fact Sheet
... of many viruses and bacteria. Not sharing food, drinks, or eating utensils with other people can also help stop the spread of germs. There are 5 vaccines that can help prevent meningitis: ...
... of many viruses and bacteria. Not sharing food, drinks, or eating utensils with other people can also help stop the spread of germs. There are 5 vaccines that can help prevent meningitis: ...
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
... The narrow tube that collects tears from the inner corner of the each eye and drains them to the inside of the nose is called the nasolacrimal duct. Normally it functions well but it may sometimes become blocked, causing the eye to water. This may happen as the result of infection, inflammation or t ...
... The narrow tube that collects tears from the inner corner of the each eye and drains them to the inside of the nose is called the nasolacrimal duct. Normally it functions well but it may sometimes become blocked, causing the eye to water. This may happen as the result of infection, inflammation or t ...
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, snail fever, and Katayama fever, is a disease caused by parasitic worms of the Schistosoma type. It may infect the urinary tract or the intestines. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, or blood in the urine. In those who have been infected for a long time, liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, or bladder cancer may occur. In children it may cause poor growth and learning difficulty.The disease is spread by contact with water contaminated with the parasites. These parasites are released from infected freshwater snails. The disease is especially common among children in developing countries as they are more likely to play in contaminated water. Other high risk groups include farmers, fishermen, and people using unclean water for their daily chores. It belongs to the group of helminth infections. Diagnosis is by finding the eggs of the parasite in a person's urine or stool. It can also be confirmed by finding antibodies against the disease in the blood.Methods to prevent the disease include improving access to clean water and reducing the number of snails. In areas where the disease is common entire groups may be treated all at once and yearly with the medication praziquantel. This is done to decrease the number of people infected and therefore decrease the spread of the disease. Praziquantel is also the treatment recommended by the World Health Organization for those who are known to be infected.Schistosomiasis affects almost 210 million people worldwide, and an estimated 12,000 to 200,000 people die from it a year. The disease is most commonly found in Africa, as well as Asia and South America. Around 700 million people, in more than 70 countries, live in areas where the disease is common. Schistosomiasis is second only to malaria, as a parasitic disease with the greatest economic impact. It is classified as a neglected tropical disease.