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Journal of Clinical Virology The importance of being earnest
Journal of Clinical Virology The importance of being earnest

... during an early prenatal visit (e.g., first trimester) in each pregnancy, even if they have been previously vaccinated or tested.4–6 In addition, those women who engage in behaviours that put them at high risk for infection (e.g., injection-drug use, multiple sexual partners in previous 6 months, eva ...
Chickenpox - Branch-Hillsdale-St. Joseph Community Health Agency
Chickenpox - Branch-Hillsdale-St. Joseph Community Health Agency

... How long is a person with chickenpox contagious? A person infected with the virus is contagious 1 to 2 days prior to exhibiting symptoms and remains contagious until all blisters have scabbed over. What is my best protection so I don’t get the chickenpox? Chickenpox vaccine is the best way to preven ...
Polio: the viru s and the vaccine
Polio: the viru s and the vaccine

... have harmlessly infected them. The only way the scientists found they could create a version of infantile paralysis in the monkeys was by injecting large quantities of the ‘virus’ suspensions directly into their brains. In 1941 the work of the virus hunters received a potentially fatal setback. Dr J ...
E. coli O157:H7
E. coli O157:H7

... of chickens, deer, sheep, and pigs (Dodd et al., 2003). The animals are merely the reservoir for the bacteria, and E. coli O157:H7 does not cause disease in carrier animals. However, foodborne transmission of E. coli O157:H7 from asymptomatic carrier animals to humans may cause severe human disease. ...
Lecture 5: Bacterial Diseases of Fish and Shrimp
Lecture 5: Bacterial Diseases of Fish and Shrimp

... • this is a disease of the midgut gland, not, as with a vibriosis, the blood • bacterium prefers high salinities (>10 ppt) • Agent: believed to be a new genus of the Protobacteria (alpha) group • found from Peru to Texas • small, G-, exists in two morphological forms (rodshaped rickettsial-like and ...
Common Childhood Infections - Thunder Bay District Health Unit
Common Childhood Infections - Thunder Bay District Health Unit

... their pre-school and school years. Staff can help limit the spread and the resulting illness by following these guidelines: • Encourage children and students to practice consistent proper hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette (e.g. covering coughs and sneezes with a sleeve). • Recognize significant ...
Bio-261-Chapter-13-Phages
Bio-261-Chapter-13-Phages

... • The phage protein capsomeres are made but they are stored in the cell membrane where they are not detected. • As the DNA leaves through the membrane it gains its protein coat. • Carrier cells carry the viral components. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Ears and Tears and Infections…Oh MY!!!! Middle Ear Infection Guide
Ears and Tears and Infections…Oh MY!!!! Middle Ear Infection Guide

... amoxicillin as initial therapy for children with middle ear infections. However, in children who have received an antibiotic within the last three months of their current infection, who are two years of age or younger or who attend child care, high dose amoxicillin/clavulanate is recommended as firs ...
Rita K - Universa Medicina
Rita K - Universa Medicina

... common at about seven times per year among children and fall to two times per year in adult. Assuming that each episode last about 4 days, then a 70 year old people may have spent about 1-2 years suffering from URI. (4) URI do not contribute significantly to deaths in children, but they cause consid ...
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

... the nerve cells of the body after the chickenpox infection clears and VZV can reappear years later causing a painful rash. It can even occur in children. ...
Guidance on prevention of mumps amongst health care workers and
Guidance on prevention of mumps amongst health care workers and

... vaccine should be given 1 or 2 doses of MMR as required, separated by at least 1 month. 2. If an outbreak occurs in an institution or an area served by an institution, all HCWs without evidence of mumps infection or 2 doses of MMR vaccine should be given 1 or 2 doses of MMR vaccine as required. Prot ...
MS Word - County of Sonoma
MS Word - County of Sonoma

... virus. Most children in the United States experience chickenpox before they are schoolaged. A vaccine against chickenpox is now required for children over 18 months of age. Although chickenpox is not a serious disease for most children, those whose immune systems are impaired (e.g. newborns and pers ...
Cryptococcal IRIS in Africa: clinical
Cryptococcal IRIS in Africa: clinical

... • IRIS can occur as early as a few days after starting ARV therapy. In patients with baseline CD4+ T-cell counts below 50 cells/mm3, most events will happen within the first 8 weeks of therapy. Late IRIS with symptom onset after more than 1 year of ARVs have been described. • Patients typically beco ...
History and eradication of smallpox in Turkey
History and eradication of smallpox in Turkey

... understand the way of performing the operation, which she asserted should be done not with lancet, but with a needle; she herself had received the disease in that matter, when a child; had in her time inoculated many; adding moreover, that the practice was well known to the Arabs, and that they term ...
Unit 1 - The Microbial World: Surprising and Stunning
Unit 1 - The Microbial World: Surprising and Stunning

... The Gram Stain Developed by Danish bacteriologist Christian Gram in 1884, the Gram stain is the most fundamental test used to differentiate bacteria. This simple, rapid stain separates most clinically important bacteria into 2 broad groups: gram-positive bacteria, which appear blue or purple, and gr ...
History and aims of immunisation
History and aims of immunisation

... Measles cases, week 1 - 44, HSE-E, 2011 (N = 242) ...
13_Agents_of_cong_infections_2010 - IS MU
13_Agents_of_cong_infections_2010 - IS MU

... At intensive care units (ICU) only Control of infection ...
Inflammatory Markers in the 21st Century
Inflammatory Markers in the 21st Century

... of infection Sierra R, Rello J, Bailen MA, et al. C-reactive protein used as an early indicator of infection in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2004;30:2038–45. Peres Bota D, Melot C, Lopes FF, et al. Infection probability score (IPS): a method to help asses ...
PATIENT ERBP flyer: what should I know about central - Era-Edta
PATIENT ERBP flyer: what should I know about central - Era-Edta

... ointment may be applied to the site when it is healing to prevent infection. Medical honey is sometimes used instead. The exit site should be covered with a dressing as long as the catheter is in place. It should be inspected at every dialysis session. The dressing should be changed on a routine bas ...
Plasmid Deposit Form
Plasmid Deposit Form

... Please send this form along with every plasmid you send to the Dicty Stock Center. Also, please email us a map of the plasmid (at least the MCS) and, if available, the sequence of the plasmid, or a GenBank accession number.  Your name: ...
INFECTIOUS DISEASES Guidelines for the exclusion from day
INFECTIOUS DISEASES Guidelines for the exclusion from day

... Tinea 4-10 days Captitis (head), Tinea Corporis (body), Athletes Foot ...
18.4 Bacteria and Archaea
18.4 Bacteria and Archaea

... serious illness called botulism. Food contamination by this bacterium often comes from improper home canning. ...
Delayed Skin Rashes in Children While Taking an
Delayed Skin Rashes in Children While Taking an

... physician supervision with resuscitation backup. The patient received a standard oral dose of the antibiotic that was associated with the rash. Patients were then observed for 2 hours. OCT results: 93% had no rash or other reaction. 6.8% developed a skin rash (8.5% if initial rash was hives and 4.8% ...
Education for Students - American Pharmacists Association
Education for Students - American Pharmacists Association

... Some vaccines that are protective shortly after an initial dose include influenza, pneumococcal, and yellow fever. Others require several doses to achieve protective levels of antibodies. Several doses are more likely to be required if the recipient is an infant (e.g., DTaP, IPV, Hib), if protection ...
Kennel Cough
Kennel Cough

... boarding, and daycare facilities require proof of vaccination. The vaccine is available in oral, intranasal, and injectable forms, and depending on the form, it is usually initially given in two doses two to four weeks apart, followed by a booster every six months to a year. Although most cases of k ...
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Neisseria meningitidis



Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gram negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis. The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically, diplococcus because of its tendency to form pairs. About 10% of adults are carrier of the bacteria in their nasopharynx. As an exclusively human pathogen it is the main cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults, causing developmental impairment and death in about 10% of cases. It causes the only form of bacterial meningitis known to occur epidemically, mainly in Africa and Asia.N. meningitidis is spread through saliva and respiratory secretions during coughing, sneezing, kissing, and chewing on toys. It infects the cell by sticking to it with long thin extensions called pili and the surface-exposed proteins Opa and Opc and has several virulence factors.
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