HIBT – Pre-Masters - University of Makeni
... Retaliation - any protectionist measure tends to be instantly met with some form of retaliation. This will tend to mean that any success in protecting against imports leads to a fall in exports when the retaliation starts to bite. Costs - tariffs (and other protectionist measures) tend to lead to a ...
... Retaliation - any protectionist measure tends to be instantly met with some form of retaliation. This will tend to mean that any success in protecting against imports leads to a fall in exports when the retaliation starts to bite. Costs - tariffs (and other protectionist measures) tend to lead to a ...
No Slide Title
... Currency outlook After pausing in March-April, the US dollar’s rally against most other major currencies resumed in May. ...
... Currency outlook After pausing in March-April, the US dollar’s rally against most other major currencies resumed in May. ...
Disequilibrium unemployment
... There are a number of reasons why the real wage rate may be higher than market clearing (equilibrium) wage rate: 1. Real wage rate unemployment One possible reason is that the wage rate has been driven up above the equilibrium wage rate either by trade union power or a government-set minimum wage ra ...
... There are a number of reasons why the real wage rate may be higher than market clearing (equilibrium) wage rate: 1. Real wage rate unemployment One possible reason is that the wage rate has been driven up above the equilibrium wage rate either by trade union power or a government-set minimum wage ra ...
About the ICP and PPPs
... literature on international economics supported by common sense indicates that cross-country comparisons that rely on market exchange rates are prone to yield misleading results due to frequent movements of exchange rates that are out of line with domestic inflation. To overcome the deficiencies of ...
... literature on international economics supported by common sense indicates that cross-country comparisons that rely on market exchange rates are prone to yield misleading results due to frequent movements of exchange rates that are out of line with domestic inflation. To overcome the deficiencies of ...
On a Tractable Small Open Economy Model with Endogenous Monetary-policy Trade-offs
... and producer price inflation index. Movements in the international real exchange rate must also be taken into account explicitly in the small open economy monetary policy problem. Arguably, such a conclusion is indeed what practitioners in small open economy central banks have already been doing. Fo ...
... and producer price inflation index. Movements in the international real exchange rate must also be taken into account explicitly in the small open economy monetary policy problem. Arguably, such a conclusion is indeed what practitioners in small open economy central banks have already been doing. Fo ...
Robbins-aggregate_demand
... 1. Wealth Effect• Higher price levels reduce the purchasing power of money • This decreases the quantity of expenditures • Lower price levels increase purchasing power and increase expenditures Example: • If the balance in your bank was $50,000, but inflation erodes your purchasing power, you will l ...
... 1. Wealth Effect• Higher price levels reduce the purchasing power of money • This decreases the quantity of expenditures • Lower price levels increase purchasing power and increase expenditures Example: • If the balance in your bank was $50,000, but inflation erodes your purchasing power, you will l ...
Session 20: Social accounting matrices and
... (measured in national currencies) into a common currency, such as US dollars, using official exchange rates. However, such “nominal” comparisons include the effect of price levels as well as the volumes of GDP and its components. “Real” comparisons may be made by converting the GDP per capita (or ot ...
... (measured in national currencies) into a common currency, such as US dollars, using official exchange rates. However, such “nominal” comparisons include the effect of price levels as well as the volumes of GDP and its components. “Real” comparisons may be made by converting the GDP per capita (or ot ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES
... The new open economy macro literature also probably has not paid enough attention to another possibility: that the low degree of pass-through of exchange rates to prices may not primarily reflect price stickiness, but instead optimal price discrimination. Bergin and Feenstra (2001) and Bergin (2001) ...
... The new open economy macro literature also probably has not paid enough attention to another possibility: that the low degree of pass-through of exchange rates to prices may not primarily reflect price stickiness, but instead optimal price discrimination. Bergin and Feenstra (2001) and Bergin (2001) ...
News release Date 10 January 2011 Contact Androulla Aristidou
... US in that same year to become the biggest economy in the world based on GDP at market exchange rates, although on a PPP basis this would be likely to occur before 2020. This is even allowing for some slowing of China’s growth rate over time due to its one child policy and the fact that, as it catch ...
... US in that same year to become the biggest economy in the world based on GDP at market exchange rates, although on a PPP basis this would be likely to occur before 2020. This is even allowing for some slowing of China’s growth rate over time due to its one child policy and the fact that, as it catch ...
Why is the Fed Funds Rate - University of Colorado Boulder
... target has actually been a range (upper and lower limit). In addition to the Fed Funds target, another important overnight interbank rate is the “effective federal funds rate.” This is the actual rate at which banks are lending excess reserves to one another. It will generally parallel the tar ...
... target has actually been a range (upper and lower limit). In addition to the Fed Funds target, another important overnight interbank rate is the “effective federal funds rate.” This is the actual rate at which banks are lending excess reserves to one another. It will generally parallel the tar ...
The duration of fixed exchange rate regimes Sébastien Wälti Trinity College Dublin
... end. Klein and Marion (1997) and Duttagupta and Otker-Robe (2003) introduce duration as an explanatory variable in a logit specification. The statistical significance of the attached regression coefficient indicates that time matters, and its sign whether it contributes positively or negatively to t ...
... end. Klein and Marion (1997) and Duttagupta and Otker-Robe (2003) introduce duration as an explanatory variable in a logit specification. The statistical significance of the attached regression coefficient indicates that time matters, and its sign whether it contributes positively or negatively to t ...
David
... the domestic money supply,21 starting from a position of long run equilibrium, which shifts the Det = 0 schedule to the right.22 The motion of the variable ...
... the domestic money supply,21 starting from a position of long run equilibrium, which shifts the Det = 0 schedule to the right.22 The motion of the variable ...
PDF
... equal and opposite flows tell us nothing about causation: that is, whether the capital inflow occurred because it was required to balance the current account deficit or, alternatively, whether the current account deficit was the result of the capital inflow. A common view is that a low US propensity ...
... equal and opposite flows tell us nothing about causation: that is, whether the capital inflow occurred because it was required to balance the current account deficit or, alternatively, whether the current account deficit was the result of the capital inflow. A common view is that a low US propensity ...
Pegging the future West African single currency in regard to
... African countries would have scarce ability to run an independent monetary policy (as is the case today of the CFA Franc zone countries vis-à-vis France’s monetary policy). The reason for considering the euro and the US dollar as possible anchor currencies is straightforward. We also consider the yu ...
... African countries would have scarce ability to run an independent monetary policy (as is the case today of the CFA Franc zone countries vis-à-vis France’s monetary policy). The reason for considering the euro and the US dollar as possible anchor currencies is straightforward. We also consider the yu ...
Exchange Rate Regime Choice with Multiple Key Currencies
... of floating approach we argue that governments try to prevent the inflationary effect of exchange rate depreciations. The prices of imported goods and services in domestic currency increase if the domestic currency depreciates against the currency of the country in which the foreign corporations pro ...
... of floating approach we argue that governments try to prevent the inflationary effect of exchange rate depreciations. The prices of imported goods and services in domestic currency increase if the domestic currency depreciates against the currency of the country in which the foreign corporations pro ...
slides - UW
... We have been looking at an economy with only two assets: We have been looking at an economy with only two assets: money and bonds. This is obviously a much simplified version of actual economies, with their many financial assets and many financial markets. There is one dimension, however, to wh ...
... We have been looking at an economy with only two assets: We have been looking at an economy with only two assets: money and bonds. This is obviously a much simplified version of actual economies, with their many financial assets and many financial markets. There is one dimension, however, to wh ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ENDOGENOUS EXCHANGE RATE PASS-THROUGH Michael B. Devereux
... will display considerable price flexibility. On the other hand, if goods prices are fixed in consumer’s currency (LCP, or ‘local currency pricing’), there is no pass-through at all, and imported goods prices are unaffected by exchange rate changes. When a firm sells abroad, would it prefer to follow ...
... will display considerable price flexibility. On the other hand, if goods prices are fixed in consumer’s currency (LCP, or ‘local currency pricing’), there is no pass-through at all, and imported goods prices are unaffected by exchange rate changes. When a firm sells abroad, would it prefer to follow ...
Ilter(309).pdf
... foreign countries rather than by consolidation has been the subject of many studies(e.g. Ghose, 2004; Holt, 2004;). Documents such as SSAP 20 (for Canada and the U.K.) and FASB 52 (for the U.S.) are code of standards dealing with foreign currency exchange rates (Peter Selinger, 2007). Changes in exc ...
... foreign countries rather than by consolidation has been the subject of many studies(e.g. Ghose, 2004; Holt, 2004;). Documents such as SSAP 20 (for Canada and the U.K.) and FASB 52 (for the U.S.) are code of standards dealing with foreign currency exchange rates (Peter Selinger, 2007). Changes in exc ...
External Influences
... central bank: the Bank of England, who issue the banknotes. The base interest rate is the fee the Bank of England charges its customers, usually other banks, for borrowing money. It determines how much extra must be repaid on top of the original sum in a loan. However, customers (including businesse ...
... central bank: the Bank of England, who issue the banknotes. The base interest rate is the fee the Bank of England charges its customers, usually other banks, for borrowing money. It determines how much extra must be repaid on top of the original sum in a loan. However, customers (including businesse ...
Assessment Schedule – 2012
... level of production if the outlook appears favourable. The increase in payout over the past few years (Fonterra’s payout in 2010 / 2011 was $7.90 / kg milksolids) has resulted in large-scale conversions from sheep, beef and forestry operations. The feeling that this trend will either continue or at ...
... level of production if the outlook appears favourable. The increase in payout over the past few years (Fonterra’s payout in 2010 / 2011 was $7.90 / kg milksolids) has resulted in large-scale conversions from sheep, beef and forestry operations. The feeling that this trend will either continue or at ...
Thomas Plümper Department of Government, University of Essex Eric Neumayer
... of floating approach we argue that governments try to prevent the inflationary effect of exchange rate depreciations. The prices of imported goods and services in domestic currency increase if the domestic currency depreciates against the currency of the country in which the foreign corporations pro ...
... of floating approach we argue that governments try to prevent the inflationary effect of exchange rate depreciations. The prices of imported goods and services in domestic currency increase if the domestic currency depreciates against the currency of the country in which the foreign corporations pro ...
Exchange rate
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In finance, an exchange rate (also known as a foreign-exchange rate, forex rate, FX rate or Agio) between two currencies is the rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another. It is also regarded as the value of one country’s currency in terms of another currency. For example, an interbank exchange rate of 119 Japanese yen (JPY, ¥) to the United States dollar (US$) means that ¥119 will be exchanged for each US$1 or that US$1 will be exchanged for each ¥119. In this case it is said that the price of a dollar in terms of yen is ¥119, or equivalently that the price of a yen in terms of dollars is $1/119.Exchange rates are determined in the foreign exchange market, which is open to a wide range of different types of buyers and sellers where currency trading is continuous: 24 hours a day except weekends, i.e. trading from 20:15 GMT on Sunday until 22:00 GMT Friday. The spot exchange rate refers to the current exchange rate. The forward exchange rate refers to an exchange rate that is quoted and traded today but for delivery and payment on a specific future date.In the retail currency exchange market, a different buying rate and selling rate will be quoted by money dealers. Most trades are to or from the local currency. The buying rate is the rate at which money dealers will buy foreign currency, and the selling rate is the rate at which they will sell the currency. The quoted rates will incorporate an allowance for a dealer's margin (or profit) in trading, or else the margin may be recovered in the form of a commission or in some other way. Different rates may also be quoted for cash (usually notes only), a documentary form (such as traveler's cheques) or electronically (such as a credit card purchase). The higher rate on documentary transactions has been justified to compensate for the additional time and cost of clearing the document, while the cash is available for resale immediately. Some dealers on the other hand prefer documentary transactions because of the security concerns with cash.