Cooling and Trapping Neutral Atoms
... adjusting the coupling states of the intermediate systems. We have experimentally demonstrate phasesensitive optical coupling of two spatially separate Bose- Einstein condensates using Bragg scattering [4]. We have studied two condensates in an optical double-well potential, irradiated by two pairs ...
... adjusting the coupling states of the intermediate systems. We have experimentally demonstrate phasesensitive optical coupling of two spatially separate Bose- Einstein condensates using Bragg scattering [4]. We have studied two condensates in an optical double-well potential, irradiated by two pairs ...
PROBABILITIES FOR SINGLE EVENTS
... To understand what these probabilities mean, it is best to understand how they are used. We deal, first of all, with probabilities for single events of the single system that is the universe as a whole. When these probabilities become sufficiently close to zero or one there is a definite prediction ...
... To understand what these probabilities mean, it is best to understand how they are used. We deal, first of all, with probabilities for single events of the single system that is the universe as a whole. When these probabilities become sufficiently close to zero or one there is a definite prediction ...
Chapter 19: Security
... – Match subjects and objects to the appropriate access rights – Concept behind the model is simple – Most systems contain many subjects and objects, resulting in a large matrix that is an inefficient means for access control ...
... – Match subjects and objects to the appropriate access rights – Concept behind the model is simple – Most systems contain many subjects and objects, resulting in a large matrix that is an inefficient means for access control ...
SEMICLASSICAL AND LARGE QUANTUM NUMBER LIMITS
... Conversely, the anticlassical or extreme quantum limit is reached for the opposite conditions to those listed in (3), e.g. |F | → ∞ or E → 0 for d > 0. For positive degrees d, e.g. all sorts of homogeneous oscillators, the first line of (3) expresses the widely appreciated fact, that the semiclassic ...
... Conversely, the anticlassical or extreme quantum limit is reached for the opposite conditions to those listed in (3), e.g. |F | → ∞ or E → 0 for d > 0. For positive degrees d, e.g. all sorts of homogeneous oscillators, the first line of (3) expresses the widely appreciated fact, that the semiclassic ...
Quantum error-correcting codes from algebraic curves
... We next discuss how quantum codes guard against errors. Unlike the classical case, it is not immediately obvious that this is even possible. More pointedly, classical codes protect information by adding redundancy with ...
... We next discuss how quantum codes guard against errors. Unlike the classical case, it is not immediately obvious that this is even possible. More pointedly, classical codes protect information by adding redundancy with ...
Chapter 19: Security - Murray State University
... – Match subjects and objects to the appropriate access rights – Concept behind the model is simple – Most systems contain many subjects and objects, resulting in a large matrix that is an inefficient means for access control ...
... – Match subjects and objects to the appropriate access rights – Concept behind the model is simple – Most systems contain many subjects and objects, resulting in a large matrix that is an inefficient means for access control ...
Whole-Parts Strategies in Quantum Chemistry: Some Philosophical
... In the late 1920s, the aim of many researchers was to create a molecular model which accounts for the various empirical facts of spectroscopy and chemistry. Among them, Mulliken was primarily concerned with the assignment of quantum numbers to electrons in molecules. He carefully studied the various ...
... In the late 1920s, the aim of many researchers was to create a molecular model which accounts for the various empirical facts of spectroscopy and chemistry. Among them, Mulliken was primarily concerned with the assignment of quantum numbers to electrons in molecules. He carefully studied the various ...
Document
... • The energy absorbed by an electron for it to move from its current energy level to a higher energy level is identical to the energy of the light emitted by the electron as it drops back to its original energy level. • The wavelengths of the spectral lines are characteristic of the element, and the ...
... • The energy absorbed by an electron for it to move from its current energy level to a higher energy level is identical to the energy of the light emitted by the electron as it drops back to its original energy level. • The wavelengths of the spectral lines are characteristic of the element, and the ...
Quantum Error Correction
... Let us examine more closely the error syndrome for the classical repetition code. A correctly-encoded state 000 or 111 has the property that the first two bits have even parity (an even number of 1’s), and similarly for the 2nd and 3rd bits. A state with an error on one of the first two bits has odd ...
... Let us examine more closely the error syndrome for the classical repetition code. A correctly-encoded state 000 or 111 has the property that the first two bits have even parity (an even number of 1’s), and similarly for the 2nd and 3rd bits. A state with an error on one of the first two bits has odd ...
CS286.2 Lectures 5-6: Introduction to Hamiltonian Complexity, QMA
... Theorem 11. (Kempe-Kitaev-Regev) 2 − LHa,b is QMA-complete for some a = 2− poly(n) and b = 1/ poly(n). The first result along these lines came from Kitaev, who showed that 5 − LH is QMA-complete. We shall show a slightly weaker version of the theorem, which will contain all the key ideas: Theorem 12 ...
... Theorem 11. (Kempe-Kitaev-Regev) 2 − LHa,b is QMA-complete for some a = 2− poly(n) and b = 1/ poly(n). The first result along these lines came from Kitaev, who showed that 5 − LH is QMA-complete. We shall show a slightly weaker version of the theorem, which will contain all the key ideas: Theorem 12 ...
Process, System, Causality, and Quantum Mechanics, A
... the more basic problem of what it means for these proposed ingredients to fit together as parts. Taking ordinary material things apart and putting them together is such a natural activity that we blithely extend it to entities of every kind, without ever imagining that this might lead to problems. A ...
... the more basic problem of what it means for these proposed ingredients to fit together as parts. Taking ordinary material things apart and putting them together is such a natural activity that we blithely extend it to entities of every kind, without ever imagining that this might lead to problems. A ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.