Dynamics of Entanglement for Two-Electron Atoms
... possess a number of extra problems when they are compared with systems with discrete degrees of freedom. One particularly acute is the lack of exact solutions. The existence of exact solutions has contributed enormously to the understanding of the entanglement for systems with finite degrees of free ...
... possess a number of extra problems when they are compared with systems with discrete degrees of freedom. One particularly acute is the lack of exact solutions. The existence of exact solutions has contributed enormously to the understanding of the entanglement for systems with finite degrees of free ...
An Introduction to Quantum Cosmology
... We set out to provide an introduction to the area of quantum cosmology. We begin by introducing quantized general relativity or quantum geometrodynamics on which quantum cosmology is based, discussing issues in this construction. A wave function of the universe is constructed whose dynamics are gove ...
... We set out to provide an introduction to the area of quantum cosmology. We begin by introducing quantized general relativity or quantum geometrodynamics on which quantum cosmology is based, discussing issues in this construction. A wave function of the universe is constructed whose dynamics are gove ...
Isotropic restriction in Group Field Theory condensates
... functions. We can define an inner product between any cylindrical functions, which has the essential property to be invariant under SU(2) gauge transformations and 3d diffeomorphisms. HG is the SU(2) gauge-invariant subspace of Hkin . A basis of Hkin is found using the Peter-Weyl decomposition of in ...
... functions. We can define an inner product between any cylindrical functions, which has the essential property to be invariant under SU(2) gauge transformations and 3d diffeomorphisms. HG is the SU(2) gauge-invariant subspace of Hkin . A basis of Hkin is found using the Peter-Weyl decomposition of in ...
Fast Field Cycling NMR Relaxometry
... To do: confirm the phenomenon in ESR on a pulsed spectrometer ...
... To do: confirm the phenomenon in ESR on a pulsed spectrometer ...
Dynamics of the quantum Duffing oscillator in the driving induced q
... the non-monotoneous dependence of the amplitude A of the stationary vibrations for varying x. For the classical system where all potential energies are allowed, this response curve A(x) is smooth showing only two points of bifurcation for the related bistabilty. If the control parameter x is additio ...
... the non-monotoneous dependence of the amplitude A of the stationary vibrations for varying x. For the classical system where all potential energies are allowed, this response curve A(x) is smooth showing only two points of bifurcation for the related bistabilty. If the control parameter x is additio ...
The Big Picture - UMD WordPress blog
... The eight correlation vectors defining the vertices of L, together with the eight correlation vectors representing all possible PR box correlations, define the sixteen vertices of a four-dimensional hypercube P that contains L. (A hypercube in four dimensions is related to a three-dimensional cube i ...
... The eight correlation vectors defining the vertices of L, together with the eight correlation vectors representing all possible PR box correlations, define the sixteen vertices of a four-dimensional hypercube P that contains L. (A hypercube in four dimensions is related to a three-dimensional cube i ...
5.3 Atomic Emission Spectra and the Quantum Mechanical Model
... • The energy absorbed by an electron for it to move from its current energy level to a higher energy level is identical to the energy of the light emitted by the electron as it drops back to its original energy level. • The wavelengths of the spectral lines are characteristic of the element, and the ...
... • The energy absorbed by an electron for it to move from its current energy level to a higher energy level is identical to the energy of the light emitted by the electron as it drops back to its original energy level. • The wavelengths of the spectral lines are characteristic of the element, and the ...
5.3 Atomic Emission Spectra and the Quantum Mechanical Model
... • The energy absorbed by an electron for it to move from its current energy level to a higher energy level is identical to the energy of the light emitted by the electron as it drops back to its original energy level. • The wavelengths of the spectral lines are characteristic of the element, and the ...
... • The energy absorbed by an electron for it to move from its current energy level to a higher energy level is identical to the energy of the light emitted by the electron as it drops back to its original energy level. • The wavelengths of the spectral lines are characteristic of the element, and the ...
Why Philosophers Should Care About - Philsci
... If there actually were a machine with [running time] ∼ Kn (or even only with ∼ Kn2 ) [for some constant K independent of n], this would have consequences of the greatest magnitude. That is to say, it would clearly indicate that, despite the unsolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem, the mental effo ...
... If there actually were a machine with [running time] ∼ Kn (or even only with ∼ Kn2 ) [for some constant K independent of n], this would have consequences of the greatest magnitude. That is to say, it would clearly indicate that, despite the unsolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem, the mental effo ...
States of an Ensemble of Two-Level Atoms with Reduced Quantum
... reaching the standard quantum limit (SQL) of precision [1,5,6], set by the quantum projection noise inherent in measurements on a collection of uncorrelated particles. In the canonical Ramsey interferometer with N0 particles, a quantum mechanical phase is converted into occupation probabilities for ...
... reaching the standard quantum limit (SQL) of precision [1,5,6], set by the quantum projection noise inherent in measurements on a collection of uncorrelated particles. In the canonical Ramsey interferometer with N0 particles, a quantum mechanical phase is converted into occupation probabilities for ...
A multi-pathway model for Photosynthetic reaction center
... states and are the primary electron donors, forming two exciton states which are denoted as |a1 i and |a2 i. These two pairs of molecules are also coupled to the accessory chlorophylls AccD1 and AccD2 located in the two different branches D1 and D2, respectively. PheD1 and PheD2 are the remaining tw ...
... states and are the primary electron donors, forming two exciton states which are denoted as |a1 i and |a2 i. These two pairs of molecules are also coupled to the accessory chlorophylls AccD1 and AccD2 located in the two different branches D1 and D2, respectively. PheD1 and PheD2 are the remaining tw ...
l - Bryn Mawr College
... Each orbital (described by n, l, ml) can contain a maximum of two e-, each with a different spin. Each e- is described by four quantum numbers (n, l, ml , ms). ...
... Each orbital (described by n, l, ml) can contain a maximum of two e-, each with a different spin. Each e- is described by four quantum numbers (n, l, ml , ms). ...
The Parallel Development of Matrix and Wave Mechanics
... has to do with considerations of length and the limited scope of this article. It means also that some subjects will not be extensively treated, they will however be discussed sufficiently enough to understand the main subject. The focus will be on founding papers of wave and matrix mechanics, avoid ...
... has to do with considerations of length and the limited scope of this article. It means also that some subjects will not be extensively treated, they will however be discussed sufficiently enough to understand the main subject. The focus will be on founding papers of wave and matrix mechanics, avoid ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.