Design of Reversible Logic based Basic Combinational Circuits
... circuits dissipate heat energy for every bit of information lost during the operation. This is because according to second law of thermodynamics, information once lost cannot be recovered by any methods. In 1973, Bennett, showed that in order to avoid kTln2 joules of energy dissipation in a circuit ...
... circuits dissipate heat energy for every bit of information lost during the operation. This is because according to second law of thermodynamics, information once lost cannot be recovered by any methods. In 1973, Bennett, showed that in order to avoid kTln2 joules of energy dissipation in a circuit ...
Balanced homodyne detection with high common mode rejection
... Squeezed state of light is an important resource for quantum information processing for continuous variables [1]. For example, quadrature squeezed vacuum states are applied to realize quantum teleportation which is a fundamental protocol in quantum information processing [2–4]. The fidelity of such ...
... Squeezed state of light is an important resource for quantum information processing for continuous variables [1]. For example, quadrature squeezed vacuum states are applied to realize quantum teleportation which is a fundamental protocol in quantum information processing [2–4]. The fidelity of such ...
INCT_IQ_ENG_1 - Instituto de Física / UFRJ
... revolution idea was that the exotic properties of quantum systems could be used to actually improve some tasks in information processing. Ten years later, more concrete ideas in this sense began to appear. Of key importance was the demonstration that certain algorithms, such as those of factoring an ...
... revolution idea was that the exotic properties of quantum systems could be used to actually improve some tasks in information processing. Ten years later, more concrete ideas in this sense began to appear. Of key importance was the demonstration that certain algorithms, such as those of factoring an ...
The Free Particle (PowerPoint)
... The dual nature of matter (Quick Time movie 9 MB from Wilson group, *** ) Linear polarized light ( a wave function in 1-D would propagate in a similar way) (1 MB Quick time movie from the Wilson Group, *****) Circular polarized light ( ( a wave function could propagate in a similar way) (6 MB Quick ...
... The dual nature of matter (Quick Time movie 9 MB from Wilson group, *** ) Linear polarized light ( a wave function in 1-D would propagate in a similar way) (1 MB Quick time movie from the Wilson Group, *****) Circular polarized light ( ( a wave function could propagate in a similar way) (6 MB Quick ...
Quantum Coherence in Biological Systems
... state of single bases as independent units. I derive an analytical expression for the binding energy of the coupled chain in terms of entanglement and show the connection between entanglement and correlation energy, a quantity commonly used in quantum chemistry. Chapter 5 deals with general aspects ...
... state of single bases as independent units. I derive an analytical expression for the binding energy of the coupled chain in terms of entanglement and show the connection between entanglement and correlation energy, a quantity commonly used in quantum chemistry. Chapter 5 deals with general aspects ...
Chapter 37 - Semiclassical quantization
... We already know from the study of classical evolution operator spectra of chapter 22 that this can be evaluated by means of cycle expansions. The beauty of this formula is that everything on the right side – the cycle action S p , the topological index m p and monodromy matrix M p determinant – is i ...
... We already know from the study of classical evolution operator spectra of chapter 22 that this can be evaluated by means of cycle expansions. The beauty of this formula is that everything on the right side – the cycle action S p , the topological index m p and monodromy matrix M p determinant – is i ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.