Central dogma of molecular biology
... RNA replication is the copying of one RNA to another. Many viruses replicate this way. The enzymes that copy RNA to new RNA, called RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, are also found in many eukaryotes where they are involved in RNA silencing. Direct translation from DNA to protein Direct translation fro ...
... RNA replication is the copying of one RNA to another. Many viruses replicate this way. The enzymes that copy RNA to new RNA, called RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, are also found in many eukaryotes where they are involved in RNA silencing. Direct translation from DNA to protein Direct translation fro ...
Week 10 Pre-Lecture Slides
... First genome sequenced: a 3,500 bp RNA phage ‘76 First DNA genome: a 5,000 bp DNA phage in ‘77 First prokaryote: A bacteria in ‘95 (1.8 million bp) First eukaryote: A yeast in ‘96 (12 million bp) First animal: C. elegans worm in ‘96 (100 million) Human genome “finished”: ‘00 (~70% of 3.2 billion bp ...
... First genome sequenced: a 3,500 bp RNA phage ‘76 First DNA genome: a 5,000 bp DNA phage in ‘77 First prokaryote: A bacteria in ‘95 (1.8 million bp) First eukaryote: A yeast in ‘96 (12 million bp) First animal: C. elegans worm in ‘96 (100 million) Human genome “finished”: ‘00 (~70% of 3.2 billion bp ...
Section 8.4: Transcription
... RNA polymerases are used to bind the nucleotides together to make a new RNA molecule ...
... RNA polymerases are used to bind the nucleotides together to make a new RNA molecule ...
Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
... Conjugation • Direct transfer of genetic material (usually plasmid DNA) from two bacterial cells that are temporarily joined by a sex pili. • Plasmid genes are not required for survival, but they tend to code for genes that increase fitness (ex. antibiotic resistance) video ...
... Conjugation • Direct transfer of genetic material (usually plasmid DNA) from two bacterial cells that are temporarily joined by a sex pili. • Plasmid genes are not required for survival, but they tend to code for genes that increase fitness (ex. antibiotic resistance) video ...
Select one of your Biology instructors from another class and look
... random sequence, what is the average distance between stop codons? 8.2 If DNA consisted of only two nucleotides (say, A and T) in any sequence, what is the minimum number of adjacent nucleotides that would be needed to specify uniquely each of the 20 amino acids? 8.3 What polypeptide products are ma ...
... random sequence, what is the average distance between stop codons? 8.2 If DNA consisted of only two nucleotides (say, A and T) in any sequence, what is the minimum number of adjacent nucleotides that would be needed to specify uniquely each of the 20 amino acids? 8.3 What polypeptide products are ma ...
Ecological Perspective BIOL 346/ch4 revised 22 Jan 2012
... Each chromosome contains a long DNA molecule in the form of a coiled double helix. Genes are segments of DNA on chromosomes that contain instructions to make proteins—the building blocks of life. The genes in each cell are coded by sequences of nucleotides in their DNA molecules. ...
... Each chromosome contains a long DNA molecule in the form of a coiled double helix. Genes are segments of DNA on chromosomes that contain instructions to make proteins—the building blocks of life. The genes in each cell are coded by sequences of nucleotides in their DNA molecules. ...
Final Review Answer Key - Mercer Island School District
... cannot reproduce on their own, and they do not metabolize on their own (build molecules etc.) Viruses reproduce by attaching to a host cell (each type of virus may be specific for certain types of host cells that it can attach to). The virus’ genetic material (DNA or RNA)is injected into the host ce ...
... cannot reproduce on their own, and they do not metabolize on their own (build molecules etc.) Viruses reproduce by attaching to a host cell (each type of virus may be specific for certain types of host cells that it can attach to). The virus’ genetic material (DNA or RNA)is injected into the host ce ...
Biology - secondary
... • Cellular respiration release more energy per glucose molecule than aerobic cellular respiration 107-110 • Building big muscles is an example of catabolic metabolism 119 • 109-Cellular formation is the breakdown of food without O2 • The RNA molecule that contains the code for a polypeptide chain of ...
... • Cellular respiration release more energy per glucose molecule than aerobic cellular respiration 107-110 • Building big muscles is an example of catabolic metabolism 119 • 109-Cellular formation is the breakdown of food without O2 • The RNA molecule that contains the code for a polypeptide chain of ...
DNA - NRF IR Repository
... It seems reasonable that if two genes with the same sequence are in the same cell, they should act the same way. But that is not always true. So-called ‘epigenetic factors’ can alter how a gene works regardless of its DNA sequence. One well studied example is parental imprinting. Certain genes are m ...
... It seems reasonable that if two genes with the same sequence are in the same cell, they should act the same way. But that is not always true. So-called ‘epigenetic factors’ can alter how a gene works regardless of its DNA sequence. One well studied example is parental imprinting. Certain genes are m ...
The human genome of is found where in the human body?
... important when a cell needs to copy its DNA? • A) The cells need both strands to be accurate because each strand codes for one half of the gene. • B) As long as there is one strand, a copy can be made by following the pairing rules. • C) Unless the bases pair up correctly, the DNA strand can break a ...
... important when a cell needs to copy its DNA? • A) The cells need both strands to be accurate because each strand codes for one half of the gene. • B) As long as there is one strand, a copy can be made by following the pairing rules. • C) Unless the bases pair up correctly, the DNA strand can break a ...
A2 5.2.3 Genetic Engineering
... • Plasmids cut with restriction enzyme used to isolate the chosen gene • Complimentary sticky ends formed • Plasmid and gene mixed and they combine • Plasmid then seals and forms recombinant plasmid with help of ligase enzyme • Plasmids mixed with bacterial cells which take up ...
... • Plasmids cut with restriction enzyme used to isolate the chosen gene • Complimentary sticky ends formed • Plasmid and gene mixed and they combine • Plasmid then seals and forms recombinant plasmid with help of ligase enzyme • Plasmids mixed with bacterial cells which take up ...
Study Guide - Effingham County Schools
... 3. There are four bases that can make up a nucleotide in DNA; they are __________________, __________________, ________________, and __________________. 4. Cytosine always pairs with _________________ and Thymine always pairs with __________________ in a DNA molecule. 5. The Double Helix structure o ...
... 3. There are four bases that can make up a nucleotide in DNA; they are __________________, __________________, ________________, and __________________. 4. Cytosine always pairs with _________________ and Thymine always pairs with __________________ in a DNA molecule. 5. The Double Helix structure o ...
Applied molecular technique
... scraped from the inside of the cheek. The decrease in the amount of DNA required for analysis has allowed scientists to streamline the process so that DNA can be isolated in a few hours instead of a few days. Extracting DNA from plants, animals, and bacteria, all require that the cellular contents b ...
... scraped from the inside of the cheek. The decrease in the amount of DNA required for analysis has allowed scientists to streamline the process so that DNA can be isolated in a few hours instead of a few days. Extracting DNA from plants, animals, and bacteria, all require that the cellular contents b ...
Isolating Hereditary Material: Frederick Griffith
... radioisotopes to trace the fate of the phage's protein and DNA by taking advantage of their chemical differences. Proteins contain sulfur, but DNA does not. Conversely, DNA contains phosphate, but proteins do not. Thus, when infected bacteria are grown in the presence of radioactive forms of phospha ...
... radioisotopes to trace the fate of the phage's protein and DNA by taking advantage of their chemical differences. Proteins contain sulfur, but DNA does not. Conversely, DNA contains phosphate, but proteins do not. Thus, when infected bacteria are grown in the presence of radioactive forms of phospha ...
Chapter 6 Microbial Genetics
... T-even phage randomly packages bacterial DNA in a few defective phages. Once a T – even phage infects another E. coli, this genetic information can be recombined into the host cell without causing the lytic cycle. New genetic information is thereby transduced from one bacteria to another. ...
... T-even phage randomly packages bacterial DNA in a few defective phages. Once a T – even phage infects another E. coli, this genetic information can be recombined into the host cell without causing the lytic cycle. New genetic information is thereby transduced from one bacteria to another. ...
Creating a Fingerprint from DNA Evidence
... specific sequence of nucleotide bases exist on the DNA strand. Once locating the site where the sequence exists, the enzyme cuts through the DNA. Some restriction enzymes cut straight through and create blunt end fragments while others cut through leaving exposed bases. This type of cut is referred ...
... specific sequence of nucleotide bases exist on the DNA strand. Once locating the site where the sequence exists, the enzyme cuts through the DNA. Some restriction enzymes cut straight through and create blunt end fragments while others cut through leaving exposed bases. This type of cut is referred ...
problem set
... Part 1: Classes of RNA transcribed by RNA Pols I, II, and III, that are important to know, are marked with asterisks (Table 7.2). Part 2: RNA polymerase II is very sensitive to inhibition by the Amanita phalloides poison called -amanitin. The activity of RNA Pol II, but not Pols I & III is inhibite ...
... Part 1: Classes of RNA transcribed by RNA Pols I, II, and III, that are important to know, are marked with asterisks (Table 7.2). Part 2: RNA polymerase II is very sensitive to inhibition by the Amanita phalloides poison called -amanitin. The activity of RNA Pol II, but not Pols I & III is inhibite ...
The Central Dogma of Genetics
... • RNAs can have complex 3D structures • They can store genetic information • Some RNAs known as ribozymes can catalyze reactions • Thus it has been hypothesized that life may have arisen first through ...
... • RNAs can have complex 3D structures • They can store genetic information • Some RNAs known as ribozymes can catalyze reactions • Thus it has been hypothesized that life may have arisen first through ...
DNA and the Genetic Code
... Transcription is the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA. The two DNA strands separate from one another. One strand is used for replication, the other for transcription. mRNA is the complement strand of the original DNA except with T replaced by U (uracil). mRNA carries the genetic informatio ...
... Transcription is the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA. The two DNA strands separate from one another. One strand is used for replication, the other for transcription. mRNA is the complement strand of the original DNA except with T replaced by U (uracil). mRNA carries the genetic informatio ...
point mutation
... Identify parts A, B, and C, and state what these three things are called together. ...
... Identify parts A, B, and C, and state what these three things are called together. ...
DNA supercoil
DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.