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Laboratory 11
Laboratory 11

... and environmental samples. Some methods are very complicated while others are quite simple. Your choice of technique depends on the specific sample that you are working with and your requirements for the quality of DNA extracted. All of the methods include: a step for breaking open (lysing) the cell ...
Lecture 4a (1/28/13) "Central Dogma"
Lecture 4a (1/28/13) "Central Dogma"

... the DNA molecules of the genetic code can only be reproduced and deciphered with the aid of protein enzymes, and proteins can only be produced by means of genetic information from DNA? Which came first, the chicken or the egg? [Sid] Altman and [Tom] Cech have now found the missing link. Probably it ...
Introduction Presentation
Introduction Presentation

... between the bases, and each strand can be used as a template for rebuilding of the opposing strand, resulting in two copies of the double-stranded molecule - DNA replication. • The new copies can then be allocated to newly formed cells during growth or cell replacement • How does DNA replication occ ...
Mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria DNA can
Mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria DNA can

... needed. It requires a pilus or conjugation bridge which is composed often of a single protein. This is mediated by a plasmid, a small extrachromosomal, circular DNA molecule which is autonomous, that is capable of its own replication. Plasmid genes that confer resistance to antibiotics, or which enc ...
Exam 2 practice questions organized by lecture topic
Exam 2 practice questions organized by lecture topic

... C. purines A and G and pyrimidines T and C D. purines A and G and pyrimidines U and C E. A and C are correct 39. Watson and Crick received the Nobel Prize for: A. generating x-ray crystallographic data of DNA structure B. establishing that DNA replication is semiconservative C. solving the structure ...
Xpert Hotstart DNA Polymerase
Xpert Hotstart DNA Polymerase

... Optimizing the annealing temperature is crucial, especially in case of multiplex PCR, as a too low temperature might result in nonspecific amplification whereas a too high temperature results in no amplification. The melting temperature (Tm) is defined as the temperature in which 50% of the primer a ...
the link to our brochure
the link to our brochure

... Chemical analysis may also be recommended to identify whether remains are recent and, therefore, of forensic interest, and can be used to determine geographical origin and movement. Sometimes, disease or other abnormalities in the skeleton can aid identification, and anthropology can also help to es ...
7. Recombinant DNA Vectors
7. Recombinant DNA Vectors

... a. Discovered in bacteria and blue-green algae. b. Enzymes that recognize and cleave specific sites on DNA. Are endonucleases--cleave within a DNA duplex. c. Function to protect organism from virus infections; the host's DNA is typically modified by methylation to prevent restriction enzymes from da ...
Designing Molecular Machines·
Designing Molecular Machines·

... like a carpet runner o n a stai rcase, then we might be able to read a sing le site within a large piece of double-helical ON A by creating a sho rr piece of DN A that would form a local third stcand at that one site. In other words, cou ld this rhreestranded structure- the details of which are stil ...
TE content correlates positively with genome size
TE content correlates positively with genome size

Biology 303 EXAM III
Biology 303 EXAM III

... 2. a process that only bacteria perform since they contain no nucleus. 3. a process that is exclusively associated with transcription by reverse transcriptase in eukaryotes. 4. alteration in chromatin structure to facilitate loading and translation by ribosomes and, thus, enhance gene expression. ...
Chapter 1 Genes Are DNA
Chapter 1 Genes Are DNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)

DNA TEST, PART 2: DNA MESSAGE DECODING You will be given
DNA TEST, PART 2: DNA MESSAGE DECODING You will be given

... messages. It is important that you SHOW HOW your cells do this, step by step. Show this on the special Message Sheet given you to do this.(16 points) FIRST: Put your name, seat number, date, and period at top of page. SECOND: copy the number of your message and the DNA message itself in the spaces s ...
Lecture 14: BSCI437 - University of Maryland, College Park
Lecture 14: BSCI437 - University of Maryland, College Park

... – Unwinding a portion of a closed, wound structure creates a topological problem: it causes another region to become over-wound. Can resolve this by creating either single or double stranded breaks, allowing unwinding to occur. This is done by DNA Topoisomerase I or II. ...
Practical molecular biology
Practical molecular biology

... genetic information in living organisms. • DNA: – major constituent of the nucleus – stable representation of an organism’s complete genetic makeup • RNA: – found in the nucleus and the cytoplasm – key to information flow within a cell ...
Genetic Engineering - fhs-bio
Genetic Engineering - fhs-bio

... sale. Current gene therapy is experimental and has not proven very successful in clinical trials. Little progress has been made since the first gene therapy clinical trial began in 1990. In 1999, gene therapy suffered a major setback with the death of 18-year-old Jesse Gelsinger. Jesse was participa ...
DNA Libraries
DNA Libraries

... DNA chains coiled and floated. Lurid blue and pink images of electric molecules injected themselves somewhere between the mountain road and my eyes." Opening words, Dancing Naked in the Mind Field, © 1998, by Dr. Kary Mullis, Pantheon Books. ...
Review 16-27 - Madeira City Schools
Review 16-27 - Madeira City Schools

... (a) Discuss TWO mechanisms of speciation that lead to the development of separate species from a common ancestor. (b) Explain THREE methods that have been used to investigate the phylogeny of organisms. Describe a strength or weakness of each method. (c) The two phylogenetic trees represent the rela ...
Introduction
Introduction

... passed along, the “how’is not known clearly Aristotle – passed through the blood (“bloodline”) Early naturalists – believed in “hybrids”–where species result from breeding between other species Georges Buffon (1700s) – head and limbs from (male), rest of body from (female) 1800s – common belief was ...
D: Glossary of Acronyms and Terms
D: Glossary of Acronyms and Terms

... karyotic cells where energy is produced and stored; contains small circular DNA molecules that replicate independently. Natural selection: The process of differential reproductive success by which genes in a population increase or decrease in frequency with the passage of generations, depending on t ...
Transcription and translation
Transcription and translation

... • Transcription – what is it? • Process in which the information from a section of double-stranded DNA is converted into complimentary, single-stranded mRNA. • What is “complimentary”? • Opposite base pair. Adenine is complimentary to thymine. ...
word - My eCoach
word - My eCoach

... c. Photosynthesis produces oxygen; cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide. d. Photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide; cellular respiration produces oxygen. ...
Biology Standards Based Benchmark Assessment
Biology Standards Based Benchmark Assessment

... b. DNA is made of two strands that twist into a double helix. c. guanine forms hydrogen bonds with adenine. d. thymine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine. 29. What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)? a. The function of mRNA is to provide a template (pattern) to make proteins. b. The function of ...
on-chip
on-chip

... face of DNA is exposed on the nucleosome surface Translationally Positioned Nucleosomes Displacement of the DNA by 10 bp changes the sequences that are in the more exposed linker regions but does not alter which face of the DNA is protected by the histone surface and which is exposed to the exterior ...
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DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
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