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DNA Sequence Analysis
DNA Sequence Analysis

... requiring much less sequencing effort and relying more heavily on the powerful search capabilities of current computer systems, examines the genes that are actually expressed in healthy and diseased tissue.This process analyses the mRNA and allows a comparison to be performed between the two states, ...
Name Class Date Study guide for biology final Review evolution
Name Class Date Study guide for biology final Review evolution

... 2. is when nature determines the variety of traits, but humans pick which traits are desirable. 3. An inheritable characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce is called a(n) ...
Beyond the double helix
Beyond the double helix

... Such work implies that patients with a susceptibility to cancer might be diagnosed on the basis of the positions of their chromosomes within the nucleus. With this in mind, Robert Singer of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York has developed a technique that takes a snapshot of the pos ...
BIO.6
BIO.6

... mistakes can occur resulting in changes to the genetic material. Mistakes can also occur during crossing over, as well as in the separation of sister chromatids. If these changes occur in sex cell lines, they may be inherited and affect future generations. Common chromosomal abnormalities include de ...
Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics – are they the keys for healthy
Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics – are they the keys for healthy

... Copy-number variations (CNVs) are alterations of the DNA of a genome that results in the cell having an abnormal number of copies of one or more sections of the DNA. This variation accounts for roughly 12% of human genomic DNA and each variation may range from about one kilobase (1000 bases) to sev ...
Ch. 10, DNA and Proteins
Ch. 10, DNA and Proteins

... 3. What role does helicase and DNA polymerase play in DNA replication? 4. a. Write the complementary strand of DNA to the DNA template below… b. Write the complementary strand of RNA to the DNA template below… G A T T A C A T C C G A C T A C 5. What is the purpose of RNA? 6. List 2 differences betwe ...
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New Lead Found in Serial Rapes: After Decades, DNA Links the

... Recent changes in the law extend the time limit for rape cases when DNA evidence is available. Lewis said in light of new developments, investigators are looking for what may have been the rapist's first murder. On Feb. 2, 1978, Sgt. Brian K. Maggiore, a 21-year-old administrative specialist at Math ...
Chapter 14- Human Genome
Chapter 14- Human Genome

... Chromosome 22 contains 43 million DNA base pairs! Chromsomes 21 contains about 32 million! 2. MILLIONS of base pairs! ...
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... assayed cancer mutations. These are generated either by blending cell line derived genomic DNA that has been precisely quantified, or by mixing the cells themselves to produce a cell pellet that is subsequently Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE). Both are extensively quality tested with the al ...
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Gene expression

... • What do you think it means to say “express a gene”? – Gene expression- The process by which information in a gene is used to create the protein that it codes for. ...
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From Hard Drives to Flash Drives to DNA Drives

... long strand and the amount of information that it contains is astonishing). In a recent experiment, Church et al7 took one of their own books (nearly 54,000-words-long, including 11 images) and used a computer to convert it into a bit stream (they initially thought about encoding Moby Dick). They en ...
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Glossary of Key Terms in Chapter Two

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WhatMakesCell-TipsForTeachers

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DNA, RNA, Proteins

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Ways to detect unique sequences within mammalian DNA
Ways to detect unique sequences within mammalian DNA

... EX: humans have 3 billion base pairs with 1 million restriction fragments formed from a single restriction enzyme digest - TOO difficult to isolate a single band on a gel from this large number of fragments To characterize a specific gene use blot hybridization - see Figure 1 - WE DID THIS!! ...
The InTheKnow Program Form - Boston Maternal Fetal Medicine
The InTheKnow Program Form - Boston Maternal Fetal Medicine

... While Chromosomal Malformations are abnormalities involving regions of DNA comprised of greater than 5 million nucleotide pairs and Single Gene Defects are comprised of single genes involving less than 1,000 base pairs of DNA, Copy Number Variants are all of the genetic defects that involve more th ...
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... Autosomal Recessive Traits Only expressed in individuals that have two copies of the relevant gene. More frequent with inbreeding, isolated groups. ...
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Gene Technology
Gene Technology

... Issues associated with genetic engineering  There is a protein know as the lac repressor ...
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Cell-free fetal DNA

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is fetal DNA circulating freely in the maternal blood stream. It can be sampled by venipuncture on the mother. Analysis of cffDNA provides a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.cffDNA originates from the trophoblasts making up the placenta. It is estimated that 2-6% of the DNA in the maternal blood is fetal in origin. The fetal DNA is fragmented and makes its way into the maternal bloodstream via shedding of the placental microparticles into the maternal bloodstream (figure 1). Studies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses. cffDNA diminishes quickly after the birth of the baby, so that it is no longer detectable in the maternal blood approximately 2 hours after birth. cffDNA is significantly smaller than the maternal DNA in the bloodstream, with fragments approximately 200bp in size. Many protocols to extract the fetal DNA from the maternal plasma use its size to distinguish it from the maternal DNA.Studies have looked at, and some even optimized, protocols for testing non-compatible RhD factors, sex determination for X-linked genetic disorders and testing for single gene disorders. Current studies are now looking at determining aneuploidies in the developing fetus. These protocols can be done earlier than the current prenatal testing methods, and have no risk of spontaneous abortion, unlike current prenatal testing methods. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has been implemented in the UK and parts of the US; it has clear benefits above the standard tests of chorionic villi sample (CVS) and amniocentesis which have procedure-related miscarriage risks of about 1 in 100 pregnancies and 1 in 200 pregnancies, respectively.As a method of prenatal diagnosis, cell-free fetal DNA techniques share the same ethical and practical issues, such as the possibility of prenatal sex discernment and sex selection.
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