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power point
power point

... anneal) – 1 minute 72 ºC (allows Taq to add dNTPs) ...
Chapter 20: Biotechnology 11/18/2015
Chapter 20: Biotechnology 11/18/2015

... A DNA microarray is a solid surface containing a precise array of single-stranded DNA sequences from 1000s of different genes in an organism. • labeled cDNA is produced from test cells and allowed to hybridize with sequences in the ...
5. Related viruses can combine/recombine
5. Related viruses can combine/recombine

...  They can be spontaneous errors in replication or they can be caused by mutagens (environmental factors like radiation, chemicals, cigarette smoke, etc.)  If a mutagen causes changes in genes that regulate the cell cycle / cell division it is considered a carcinogen (a cancer-causing factor)  Som ...
14_lecture_ppt - Tracy Jubenville Nearing
14_lecture_ppt - Tracy Jubenville Nearing

... repeated many times along the length of one or more chromosomes.  Transposons are specific DNA sequences that have the remarkable ability to move within and between chromosomes. ...
REVIEW UNIT 4 & 5: HEREDITY & MOLECULAR GENETICS SAMPLE QUESTIONS
REVIEW UNIT 4 & 5: HEREDITY & MOLECULAR GENETICS SAMPLE QUESTIONS

... The trait for yellow seed color is dominant (Y) and the trait for green seed color is recessive (y). A cross between two plants results in 296 tall yellow plants and 104 tall green plants. Which of the following are most likely to be the genotypes of the parents? (1999:28) a. TTYY x TTYY b. Ttyy x T ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... ˚A rough definition of a gene is a stretch of DNA that encodes one protein (polypeptide). •To allow different cell type to form, or for an organism to respond to changing conditions, only a subset of genes can be “expressed” (actively organizing amino acid chain formation) in any one cell or time. T ...
12.6 DNA Repair
12.6 DNA Repair

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Lecture8-Chap5 Sept26
Lecture8-Chap5 Sept26

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Lecture8-Chap5 Sept26

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Chromosome Allele - GZ @ Science Class Online

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The human genome

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dna replication - MacWilliams Biology
dna replication - MacWilliams Biology

... 1. The tips of chromosomes are known as telomeres. 2. Particularly difficult to copy. 3. Over time, DNA may actually be lost from telomeres each time a chromosome is replicated. 4. Enzyme called telomerase compensates for this problem by adding short, repeated DNA sequences to telomeres  lengthens ...
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Showing the 3D shape of our chromosomes

... a role in all sorts of vital processes, including gene activation, gene silencing, DNA replication and DNA repair. In fact, just about any genome function has a spatial component that has been implicated in its control. Dr Fraser added: “These unique images not only show us the structure of the chro ...
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Field Guide to Methylation Methods

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... Analysis is performed by bi-directional sequencing of the coding regions (exons 1-5) and splice sites of the EFNB1 gene. In cases where (1) no small intragenic mutation is identified and (2) no heterozygous positions are observed, focused array CGH analysis with exon-level resolution (ExonArrayDx) i ...
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Genetics - Mrs. Yu`s Science Classes
Genetics - Mrs. Yu`s Science Classes

...  Alternative splicing allows different mRNA’s to be generated from the same RNA transcript.  By selectively removing different parts of an RNA transcript, different mRNA’s can be produced, each coding for a different protein product. ...
AP Biology Fall Semester Review
AP Biology Fall Semester Review

... Forms parts of the ribosome. Serves as a template for protein synthesis. Is synthesized from a DNA template in the nucleus. Carries the code for a particular protein to the ribosome. ...
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Cell-free fetal DNA

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is fetal DNA circulating freely in the maternal blood stream. It can be sampled by venipuncture on the mother. Analysis of cffDNA provides a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.cffDNA originates from the trophoblasts making up the placenta. It is estimated that 2-6% of the DNA in the maternal blood is fetal in origin. The fetal DNA is fragmented and makes its way into the maternal bloodstream via shedding of the placental microparticles into the maternal bloodstream (figure 1). Studies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses. cffDNA diminishes quickly after the birth of the baby, so that it is no longer detectable in the maternal blood approximately 2 hours after birth. cffDNA is significantly smaller than the maternal DNA in the bloodstream, with fragments approximately 200bp in size. Many protocols to extract the fetal DNA from the maternal plasma use its size to distinguish it from the maternal DNA.Studies have looked at, and some even optimized, protocols for testing non-compatible RhD factors, sex determination for X-linked genetic disorders and testing for single gene disorders. Current studies are now looking at determining aneuploidies in the developing fetus. These protocols can be done earlier than the current prenatal testing methods, and have no risk of spontaneous abortion, unlike current prenatal testing methods. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has been implemented in the UK and parts of the US; it has clear benefits above the standard tests of chorionic villi sample (CVS) and amniocentesis which have procedure-related miscarriage risks of about 1 in 100 pregnancies and 1 in 200 pregnancies, respectively.As a method of prenatal diagnosis, cell-free fetal DNA techniques share the same ethical and practical issues, such as the possibility of prenatal sex discernment and sex selection.
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