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Module - Discovering the Genome
Module - Discovering the Genome

... http://www.dnai.org/c/index.html (Select Genome / Tour) Video on how gene duplication can lead to ...
INHERITANCE
INHERITANCE

... formation of new proteins RNA uses the DNA as a template to read the code in order to produce the right protein with the correct order and number of amino acids. ...
Genetic code molecule
Genetic code molecule

... Be able to use an mRNA decoder wheel to determine the amino acid sequence if given an mRNA message. What happens in TRANSLATION? = protein synthesis making proteins from RNA message (RNA→ protein) How do the 3 kinds of RNA work together to complete this process? Ribosomal RNA forms the ribosome Mess ...
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 9

... Answer: All of these processes are similar, in that a segment of genetic material has been transferred from one bacterial cell to another. The main difference is the underlying mechanism by which this transfer occurs. In conjugation, two living cells make direct contact with each other, and genetic ...
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... GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION ARE KEY EVENTS IN THIS PROCESS) ...
Unit 8: Inheritance & Human Genetic Patterns
Unit 8: Inheritance & Human Genetic Patterns

... Used fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster to identify genetic patterns. Observed that only male fruit flies had white eyes ...
Ch 17 From Gene to Protei
Ch 17 From Gene to Protei

... c. the 5' caps are removed from the mRNA. d. the DNA introns are removed from the template. e. DNA nucleases have isolated the transcription unit. 2. All of the following are true of a codon except? a. It consists of three nucleotides. b. It may code for the same amino acid as another codon. c. It n ...
Genetically Modified Food
Genetically Modified Food

... Mechanism1 : Isolating/synthesizing the target gene  The ‘shotgun’ approach, using type II restriction enzyme(restriction endonuclease ) - the enzyme cuts at recognition sites, to obtain a desired gene - sticky ends or blunt ends produced (there are figures later)  Making a copy of the gene from ...
DNA and Genes - Mr. Boettcher`s Class
DNA and Genes - Mr. Boettcher`s Class

... noted that parents inherited parents’ traits, and that some traits were more common than others. These traits became known as dominant and recessive traits. Mendel is known as the father of Genetics • 6 Principals of Genetics derived • 1) Traits are passed from one generation of a species to the nex ...
DNA and Genes - Mr. Boettcher`s Class
DNA and Genes - Mr. Boettcher`s Class

... • 3) Living things that reproduce sexually inherit genes in pairs, with one set being contributed by both parents • 4) Some genes are dominant, while others are recessive • 5) Dominant genes tend to mask or hide traits of recessive genes when offspring inherit a pair of genes where one is dominant a ...
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71370_Forensic_DNA_Analysis

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Unit 4 Review Sheet - Answers
Unit 4 Review Sheet - Answers

... - What kind of mutations can happen to DNA (i.e. a nucleotide is deleted)? Deletion, insertion. - Do all mutations result in a faulty protein? Why or why not? No, because if you make mRNA that codes for same amino acids, you will end up with the same protein. This happens because some codons code fo ...
Chromosomes in prokaryotes
Chromosomes in prokaryotes

... In animals the mitochondrial genome is typically a single circular chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lacks introns; however, introns have been observed in mitochondrial DNA of yeast and protists. There is a very high proportion of coding DNA and an absence of repeats in mitochondrial genome. Not all ...
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... Hershey-Chase (cont.) • In the first part of the experiment, phage were produced in a medium containing S-35 radioactively labeled amino acids. This resulted in a phage population with S-35 labeled proteins but no radioactive label in the DNA • The phage were then allowed to infect the bacteria. • ...
notes - Southington Public Schools
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... allowing visual proof that cells in a sample or organism got the new gene being studied. The Human Genome Genome = the complete set of genes for an organism. The human genome contains approximately 21,000-23,000 protein coding genes, made up of about 3 billion base pairs. (ATACGACCTG, etc., 3 billio ...
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Name: Date: Period: ______ Notes Questions for the Unit 12, Part 2

... 3. What are restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and how can they be studied using gel electrophoresis? ...
Bio 139: Exam #2 Review Outline: Wed. Nov. 1
Bio 139: Exam #2 Review Outline: Wed. Nov. 1

... enter glycolysis somewhere further along the pathway; for example, glyceraldehyde3phosphate) Catabolism: Fermentation. Understand key point: the main goal of fermentation is to oxidize NADH which was generated during glycolysis, so glycolysis (and hence ATP production) can continue without running o ...
Essential Question
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WELCOME TO BIOLOGY 2002 - University of Indianapolis
WELCOME TO BIOLOGY 2002 - University of Indianapolis

... A single strand of nucleotides is made when a phosphodiester bond is formed between the 3’ C of one nucleotide and the 5’ C of ...
Sex determination
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... A strain of Hfr cells that is sensitive to the antibiotic streptomycin (strs) has the genotype gal+ his+ bio+ pur+ gly+. These cells are mixed with an Fstrain that is resistant to streptomycin (strr) and that is gal- his- bio- purgly-. Cells are allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, ...
GA Milestone Review 1 1 Carbon dioxide and water are converted
GA Milestone Review 1 1 Carbon dioxide and water are converted

... 28 An animal combines DNA from two parent organisms through sexual reproduction. Organisms that do NOT exchange genetic material must rely on what for new traits? A) meiosis B) mutation C) hemolysis D) cross breeding 29 Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ocean ecosystem? A) coral B) w ...
DNA switches
DNA switches

... with the result that one twin gets a disease and the other does not. “It’s Google maps,” said Eric Lander, president and founding director of the Broad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Its predecessor, the Human Genome Project, which determined the entire sequence ...
DNA(Test 1)
DNA(Test 1)

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... - But, only 10% of the genome is a recipe. Even the 90% that does not code for protein, that is random sequence, still shows this similarity. Even non-functional DNA is similar, so functional similarity (ie., ANALOGY) can’t be the answer…the similarity is HOMOLOGOUS. ...
Procaryotic chromosome
Procaryotic chromosome

... linear DNA of the eukaryotic chromosome 2. Contains up to hundreds copies of a short repeated sequence (5’-TTAGGG-3’in human) 3. Synthesized by the enzyme telomerase (a ribonucleoprotein) independent of normal DNA replication. 4. The telomeric DNA forms a special secondary structure to protect the c ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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