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TAKS Review - SchoolNotes
TAKS Review - SchoolNotes

... • messenger RNA (mRNA) is a copy of the code that is used to make proteins on the ribosomes • If even one nucleotide is missing or changed, the resulting mutation can alter the protein being produced ...
BL220
BL220

... MAKE-UP EXAM POLICY: Make-up exams are time-consuming and a general pain in the neck. Therefore, you must have a very good excuse to not take an exam at the regularly scheduled time. If you have to miss an exam, you must inform me ahead of time either in person, by phone or phone mail, or via e-mail ...
Ch. 8 Mutations
Ch. 8 Mutations

... What is a mutation? A mutation is any change in an organism’s DNA There are two types of mutations a) Gene mutation. Influences usually only one gene b) Chromosomal mutations. Changes in the structure of a chromosomes or the number of chromosomes ...
Fig1 from Nature Rev Mol. Cell Biol (Nov2003) 4(11):865
Fig1 from Nature Rev Mol. Cell Biol (Nov2003) 4(11):865

Lecture 2: Biology Review II
Lecture 2: Biology Review II

... DNA Vector II  phage: virus that infects bacteria (5-25 kb).  cosmid: Packaged in lambda phage and infects E. coli (35-45 kb).  yeast artificial chromosome (YAC): has telemere, centromere, and replication origin (200-2000 kb).  bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)  plasmid: extrachromosomal c ...
3rd of 7 Review Packets
3rd of 7 Review Packets

... 1. karyotype- 22 pair autosomes & 1 pair sex chromosomes + 46 total chromosomes 2. Chromosomal Mutations (occur during gamete formation- usually denovo) 2. deletion, inversion, addition of genes as a result of crossing over mistakes, ex. PraderWilli 3. chromosomal number abnormalities a. nondisjunct ...
Enzyme POGIL-PCR
Enzyme POGIL-PCR

... DNA polymerase from T. aquaticus (Taq polymerase) is used in PCR (polymerase chain reaction). PCR is a technique where millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA can be made from one original copy. IN this method, the target DNA molecule is subjected to temperatures over 95° C to make the doubl ...
Beyond the double helix
Beyond the double helix

... active genes in a single cell.This could be used, for example,to help pathologists to examine a breast biopsy or a suspect skin mole. The team created 11 fluorescent tags of different colours, and washed them over human cells.Each sticks to the molecules produced by one specific gene,revealing how a ...
Bio1001Ch12W
Bio1001Ch12W

... Rapid Pace of Disease Gene Discovery Total disease genes identified- 1,112 (as of yr 2000) Susceptibility genes ...
HLA typing of renal patients and investigation of disease
HLA typing of renal patients and investigation of disease

... samples are held to the bottom of the well by the glycerol in the PCR mixture. The negatively charged DNA moves through the gel towards the anode when an electric current is applied. Smaller molecules will travel further through the gel. The gel contains ethidium bromide, which binds to the DNA as i ...
Insertion of gene into plasmid
Insertion of gene into plasmid

... 4 Plasmid put into interest bacterial cell ...
Inherited traits are traits that you get from your parents
Inherited traits are traits that you get from your parents

... 1) Explain the difference between environmental and inherited traits Inherited traits are traits that you get from your parents that are influenced by your genes. Environmental traits are influenced by your environment (you can learn them or control them). 2) List 3 examples of inherited traits. Exp ...
Ch 20 Lecture
Ch 20 Lecture

... 3. Introduction of cloning vector into cells (transformation by bacterial cells) 4. Cloning of cells (and foreign genes) 5. Identification of cell clones carrying the gene of interest, one way is nucleic acid hybridization using a nucleic acid probe ...
MBP 1022, LECTURE 3 DAN-ct30
MBP 1022, LECTURE 3 DAN-ct30

... DNA and RNA. There are five major bases found in cells. The derivatives of purine are called adenine and guanine, and the derivatives of pyrimidine are called thymine, cytosine and uracil. The common abbreviations used for these five bases are, A, G, T, C and U. The purine and pyrimidine bases in ce ...
DNA unit Summary
DNA unit Summary

... or insertion in a gene region will shift this reading frame, causing an abnormal protein to be synthesized. Whether a gene mutation is harmful, neutral, or beneficial will depend on how the resulting proteins interact with other proteins and with the environment in which they are placed. Genetic Eng ...
Lecture Notes with Key Images
Lecture Notes with Key Images

... the chemical components making up each strand (on the right). ...
DNA for Dummies Notes - Dr. Annette M. Parrott
DNA for Dummies Notes - Dr. Annette M. Parrott

... reads the mRNA codons Matches codons to amino acids Prompts tRNA to bring a.a. Attaches a.a. with peptide bonds ...
Lecture #8 Date
Lecture #8 Date

... abnormally long stretches of tandemly repeated nucleotide triplets within the affected gene. – Fragile X syndrome is caused by hundreds to thousands of repeats of CGG in the leader sequence of the fragile X gene.  Problems at this site lead to mental retardation. – Huntington’s disease, another neu ...
Cells
Cells

... As each tRNA line up in the sequence of mRNA codons their amino acids link to form a protein. ...
Biodosimetry - Arkansas State University
Biodosimetry - Arkansas State University

... days, the radiation doses received by tens of thousands of individuals. By contrast, current “high throughput” biodosimetry can, at best, assess a few hundred individuals / day. The Center for High-Throughput Minimally-Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry is a research consortium devoted to developing hi ...
Red Line - iPlant Pods
Red Line - iPlant Pods

eoc rev for 12.2014 benchmark
eoc rev for 12.2014 benchmark

... Homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis ...
genetics, dna replication, protein synthesis, biotechnology
genetics, dna replication, protein synthesis, biotechnology

... dark body color, all of the offspring have light body color. This illustrates the principle of a. Segregation b. Dominance c. Incomplete dominance d. Independent assortment 2. For a given trait, the two genes of an allelic pair are not alike. An individual possessing this gene combination is said to ...
Year 10 CB3 - Bedford Free School
Year 10 CB3 - Bedford Free School

... Genes for the same characteristic (e.g. eye colour) can contain slightly different instructions that create variations. Different forms of the same gene are called alleles. ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... from each other towards opposite ends of the cell Anaphase II: sister chromatids are split apart at the centromere and move to the opposite pole. ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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