• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Analysis of Genomes
Analysis of Genomes

... ii. arrangement of domains iii. more paralogs - paralog iv. alternative splicing v. chemical modifications B. Repetitive DNA (>50% of human DNA) 1. transposon derived (~45%) 2. pseudogenes 3. SSRs (3%) 4. segmental duplications of 10 - 300kb pieces (5%) 5. repeates at centromeres, telomeres and othe ...
3.1 Teacher Notes
3.1 Teacher Notes

... b. Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. i. These are often proteins ...
Biology Lecture 2 – Genes
Biology Lecture 2 – Genes

... a. Stop codon reaches A site b. Release factors recognize it and cause disassembly of ribosome • Post-translational modifications can also occur where other stuff is attached to amino acids o If ribosome stays floating in cytosol  protein ends up in cytosol o If peptide contains a special signal pe ...
Introduction and review Lecture 1: Jan. 18, 2006
Introduction and review Lecture 1: Jan. 18, 2006

... Genotype- The genetic constitution of an organism. Phenotype- The visible appearance of an organism. Homologous chromosomes- in a diploid organism, the 2 copies of a chromosome inherited from the mother and the father. Locus- Location of a gene on a chromosome. Allelomorph (allele)- different versio ...
Answered copy of exam 3 (white)
Answered copy of exam 3 (white)

... On my honor, this is my work GENETICS 310 EXAM II April 25, 2017 I. Using D for DNA repair defects, O for oncogene R for retrovirus, and T for tumor suppressor, place the appropriate letter(s), if any, in the blank before each character or example listed. T ...
Study Guide- 3.3-3.4-3.5-7.1-7.2-7.3-7.4
Study Guide- 3.3-3.4-3.5-7.1-7.2-7.3-7.4

... DIAGRAM QUESTIONS- be able to: 64) Identify the parts of a nucleotide. 65) Know the position of the hydrogen bond 66) Know and recognize the difference between conservative, semi-conservative and dispersive models of DNA replication. 67) be able to identify all components during the replication proc ...
Sentence Synthesis Instructions RNA polymerase Instructions, cont
Sentence Synthesis Instructions RNA polymerase Instructions, cont

... can be handed in: – The mRNA sequence from the DNA (NOT the DNA sequence) – The codons from the mRNA – The correct sequence of words to make a sentence ...
Repeated DNA sequences - lecture 1
Repeated DNA sequences - lecture 1

... Two of these (CAG and CCG) are involved in human genetic disease. In the genes that contain them, the copy number (n) of the repeat is variable. If n<40, there are no symptoms. But if n>50, symptoms of the disease start to show (these thresholds are slightly different in different diseases). In many ...
Quiz 1 - Suraj @ LUMS
Quiz 1 - Suraj @ LUMS

... 6. Molecules with a slightly negative end and a slightly positive end are called bipolar. 7. The monomer that makes up polysaccharides is . a) amino acids; b) glucose; c) fatty acids; d) nucleotides; e) glycerol 8. The chemical reaction where water is removed during the formation of a covalent bond ...
Heredity Scavenger Hunt
Heredity Scavenger Hunt

... 2. Males produce sperm with an X chromosome in numbers equal to sperm with Y chromosomes. 3. A recessive trait will only be expressed if an individual has two recessive alleles for that trait. 4. Genetic mutations are caused by mistakes that occur when copies of DNA are made during cell division, or ...
Genetics Pre/Post Test
Genetics Pre/Post Test

... 9. Which term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics? 10. Factors that control traits are called _____. 11. The different forms of a gene are called _____. 12. Which of the following best describes the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells? a. More-complex eukaryotes have more chr ...
The F plasmid and conjugation
The F plasmid and conjugation

MOLECULAR CLONING OF A GENE: With Recombinant DNA
MOLECULAR CLONING OF A GENE: With Recombinant DNA

Ch 13 student notes
Ch 13 student notes

Principles_of_Genetic_engineering
Principles_of_Genetic_engineering

... Using Reverse transcriptase • Gene for this enzyme originally found in retroviruses (contain RNA instead of DNA) • why is the enzyme useful for these? • Converts mRNA into single-stranded cDNA – E.g. insulin mRNA from B-cells of islets of Langerhans • Then DNA polymerase produces complementary stran ...
Grade 9 Science – Unit 1 – Biology
Grade 9 Science – Unit 1 – Biology

... organisms, including internal processes. Physiology includes how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells and biomolecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system.  By comparing these processes, the degree of genetic similarity can be assessed. DNA Evidence of Rela ...
Adapted
Adapted

... 1. Plant wound phenolics  sense by VirA signal passed to VirG  T-DNA excise 2. Phenolics  plant wound  sense by VirA signal passed to VirG  T-DNA excise 3. Plant wound  phenolics  sense by VirG  signal passed to VirA  T-DNA excise 4. Plant wound  Signal passed to VirG phenolics  sense ...
plasmid to transform
plasmid to transform

... Agarose provides a matrix through which DNA molecules migrate. • Size – larger molecules move through the matrix slower than small molecules • Concentration – the higher the concentration of agarose, the better the separation of small fragments ...
Biological Diversity Section 3 Student Notes
Biological Diversity Section 3 Student Notes

... 3.1 DNA - Transmitter of Genetic Code In most organisms, DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell and it is highly organized. An encyclopedia analogy is useful when describing how DNA is ...
9.5 Genomics and Bioinformatics
9.5 Genomics and Bioinformatics

... 9.5 Genomics and Bioinformatics • The Human Genome Project has sequenced all of the DNA base pairs of human chromosomes. – analyzed DNA from a few people – still working to identify and map human genes ...
9.5 Genomics and Bioinformatics KEY CONCEPT Entire genomes are sequenced, studied, and compared.
9.5 Genomics and Bioinformatics KEY CONCEPT Entire genomes are sequenced, studied, and compared.

... 9.5 Genomics and Bioinformatics Technology allows the study and comparison of both genes and proteins. • Bioinformatics is the use of computer databases to organize and analyze biological data. • DNA microarrays are used to study the expression of many genes at once. ...
zChap00_Front_140901
zChap00_Front_140901

NUCLEIC ACID
NUCLEIC ACID

... At the end of lecture the student should be able to: • Define nucleic acids • Discuss the structure and types of nucleic acids; DNA and RNA • Differentiate between DNA and RNA • Define central dogma and justify its relation with living state ...
Foundations in Microbiology
Foundations in Microbiology

... • Origin of replication is needed so it will be replicated. • Vector must accept DNA of the desired size. • Gene which confers drug resistance to their cloning host ...
Ch. 14. Mutations and Repair
Ch. 14. Mutations and Repair

... light is deficient. This disorder leads to multiple basaliomas and other skin malignancies at a young age. In severe cases, it is necessary to avoid sunlight completely. The most common defect in xeroderma pigmentosum is a genetic defect whereby nucleotide excision repair (NER) enzymes are mutated, ...
< 1 ... 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 ... 481 >

Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report