FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE KEY GENETICS Mendel: “father” of
... Gel Electrophoresis: gene technology where DNA segments are arranged and organized on a gel by their size and charge Cloning: process of making identical cells Restriction Enzymes: proteins that cut specific areas on a DNA segment “Sticky ends”: over hang left from restriction enzymes cutting DNA Re ...
... Gel Electrophoresis: gene technology where DNA segments are arranged and organized on a gel by their size and charge Cloning: process of making identical cells Restriction Enzymes: proteins that cut specific areas on a DNA segment “Sticky ends”: over hang left from restriction enzymes cutting DNA Re ...
DNA and Genealogy
... occurs in a region. A region with few cMs undergoes relatively less recombination. ...
... occurs in a region. A region with few cMs undergoes relatively less recombination. ...
Plant Nuclear Genome Size Variation
... Not a substantial contributor to variation in genome size ...
... Not a substantial contributor to variation in genome size ...
DNA Technology Power Point
... 4.Ligation: donor gene is spliced into plasmid DNA, DNA ligase glues it (this forms recombinant DNA = plasmid DNA + new piece of DNA) 5.Plasmid returned to bacterium & reproduces using donor gene in it (this is transgenic organism = organism with foreign DNA incorporated in it’s genome) ...
... 4.Ligation: donor gene is spliced into plasmid DNA, DNA ligase glues it (this forms recombinant DNA = plasmid DNA + new piece of DNA) 5.Plasmid returned to bacterium & reproduces using donor gene in it (this is transgenic organism = organism with foreign DNA incorporated in it’s genome) ...
CDOs (Creative Designer Organisms)
... demonstration of the presence of transmissible antibiotic-resistance genes in the human food chain. The resistant bacteria probably originated from antibiotic treatment of the cows. As lactococci may be found together with enterococci and staphylococci as part of the cows microflora, resistance tran ...
... demonstration of the presence of transmissible antibiotic-resistance genes in the human food chain. The resistant bacteria probably originated from antibiotic treatment of the cows. As lactococci may be found together with enterococci and staphylococci as part of the cows microflora, resistance tran ...
DNA
... • Bases are A,G,T,C • Can be damaged by exposure to ultra violet rays. • Double-stranded molecule ...
... • Bases are A,G,T,C • Can be damaged by exposure to ultra violet rays. • Double-stranded molecule ...
Ethanol precipitation of DNA with salts
... intraction. This puts the DNA in a more ionised form, so there is a requirement for only 1.5 to 2 fold alcohol to precipitate the DNA. In high conc. of DNA the water DNA intraction is high and “left over” water molecule availability is very low so there is no requirement for NaAce or any other salt. ...
... intraction. This puts the DNA in a more ionised form, so there is a requirement for only 1.5 to 2 fold alcohol to precipitate the DNA. In high conc. of DNA the water DNA intraction is high and “left over” water molecule availability is very low so there is no requirement for NaAce or any other salt. ...
12-1 DNA
... and released into the cytoplasm. B. Translation begins when an mRNA molecule in the cytoplasm attaches to a ribosome. a. As each codon is “read” by the ribosome, the proper amino acid is brought to b. the ribosome by the tRNA C. The ribosome forms a peptide bond between the first and second amino ac ...
... and released into the cytoplasm. B. Translation begins when an mRNA molecule in the cytoplasm attaches to a ribosome. a. As each codon is “read” by the ribosome, the proper amino acid is brought to b. the ribosome by the tRNA C. The ribosome forms a peptide bond between the first and second amino ac ...
D: Glossary of Acronyms and Terms
... karyotic cells where energy is produced and stored; contains small circular DNA molecules that replicate independently. Natural selection: The process of differential reproductive success by which genes in a population increase or decrease in frequency with the passage of generations, depending on t ...
... karyotic cells where energy is produced and stored; contains small circular DNA molecules that replicate independently. Natural selection: The process of differential reproductive success by which genes in a population increase or decrease in frequency with the passage of generations, depending on t ...
Classification of Microorganisms
... classification, dividing living organisms into two groups, Plantae and Animalia – Used Latin names to provide a “common” language for all organisms ...
... classification, dividing living organisms into two groups, Plantae and Animalia – Used Latin names to provide a “common” language for all organisms ...
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that carry out cellular
... a membranous envelope, but rather free-floating within the cytoplasm. The entire genetic content of a cell is known as its genome and the study of genomes is genomics. In eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotes, DNA forms a complex with histone proteins to form chromatin, the substance of eukaryoti ...
... a membranous envelope, but rather free-floating within the cytoplasm. The entire genetic content of a cell is known as its genome and the study of genomes is genomics. In eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotes, DNA forms a complex with histone proteins to form chromatin, the substance of eukaryoti ...
Chemical basis of Inheritance Review KEY - Pelletier Pages
... 13. What role do DNA polymerase and DNA ligase play in gene replication? DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing DNA molecule. DNA ligase forms the phosphodiester bonds between the okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. 14. What two bases can pair with adenine? T and U 15. ...
... 13. What role do DNA polymerase and DNA ligase play in gene replication? DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing DNA molecule. DNA ligase forms the phosphodiester bonds between the okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. 14. What two bases can pair with adenine? T and U 15. ...
Is this human gene robbery
... and legal issues have surfaced on the issue of commercially exploiting human tissues without the knowledge, let alone prior informed consent, from donors. Over the years, such exploitation has been rampant among medical researchers and pharmaceutical companies. The well known case of John Moore who ...
... and legal issues have surfaced on the issue of commercially exploiting human tissues without the knowledge, let alone prior informed consent, from donors. Over the years, such exploitation has been rampant among medical researchers and pharmaceutical companies. The well known case of John Moore who ...
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that carry out cellular
... The nitrogenous bases are organic molecules and are so named because they contain carbon and nitrogen. They are bases because they contain an amino group that has the potential of binding an extra hydrogen, and thus, decreasing the hydrogenion concentration in its environment, making it more basic. ...
... The nitrogenous bases are organic molecules and are so named because they contain carbon and nitrogen. They are bases because they contain an amino group that has the potential of binding an extra hydrogen, and thus, decreasing the hydrogenion concentration in its environment, making it more basic. ...
39 Karyotyping and Chromosomes Discovering
... If we look at the nucleus during cell division under the microscopewe could see something like this: This is the view of Metaphase… If we look at the DNA strands more closely by “smearing” (karyotyping), we might identify some abnormalities in cells. What is karyotyping used for? Karyotyping can be ...
... If we look at the nucleus during cell division under the microscopewe could see something like this: This is the view of Metaphase… If we look at the DNA strands more closely by “smearing” (karyotyping), we might identify some abnormalities in cells. What is karyotyping used for? Karyotyping can be ...
Biology 303 EXAM II 3/14/00 NAME
... During mismatch repair in bacteria, the newly synthesized strand is distinguished from the old strand by A. a strand break on the old strand. B. methylation on the new strand. C. methylation on the old strand. D. nothing; the strands cannot be distinguished. ...
... During mismatch repair in bacteria, the newly synthesized strand is distinguished from the old strand by A. a strand break on the old strand. B. methylation on the new strand. C. methylation on the old strand. D. nothing; the strands cannot be distinguished. ...
Chapter One
... structure, which is determined by it’s sequence • Therefore…DNA encodes protein function ...
... structure, which is determined by it’s sequence • Therefore…DNA encodes protein function ...
Okazaki Fragments
... Replication requires the following steps 1-Unwinding Begins at Origins of Replication Two strands open forming Replication ...
... Replication requires the following steps 1-Unwinding Begins at Origins of Replication Two strands open forming Replication ...
Slide 1 - Ommbid.com
... Patterns of DNA fragments seen after PCR amplification using primers shown in Fig. 162-11 followed by digestion with SmaI, gel electrophoresis, and ethidium bromide staining. Lanes 3, 6, and 7 show results obtained from DNA of individuals homozygous for the deletion that is illustrated in Fig. 162-1 ...
... Patterns of DNA fragments seen after PCR amplification using primers shown in Fig. 162-11 followed by digestion with SmaI, gel electrophoresis, and ethidium bromide staining. Lanes 3, 6, and 7 show results obtained from DNA of individuals homozygous for the deletion that is illustrated in Fig. 162-1 ...
TE content correlates positively with genome size
... size among eukaryotes • Most variation in genome size is due to variation in the amount of repetitive DNA (mostly derived from TEs) • TEs accumulate in intergenic and intronic regions ...
... size among eukaryotes • Most variation in genome size is due to variation in the amount of repetitive DNA (mostly derived from TEs) • TEs accumulate in intergenic and intronic regions ...
Ch 13 Genetic Engineering
... • Transforming Plant Cells – Using bacterium that normally infect plant cells and cause tumors – Taking away the cell wall some plant cells will take up DNA on their own – If successful recombinant DNA will be found in a chromosome of the cell ...
... • Transforming Plant Cells – Using bacterium that normally infect plant cells and cause tumors – Taking away the cell wall some plant cells will take up DNA on their own – If successful recombinant DNA will be found in a chromosome of the cell ...
struktur dan fungsi kromosom
... Histones – small proteins with basic, positively charged amino acids lysine and arginine Bind to and neutralize negatively charged DNA Make up half of all chromatin protein by weight Five types: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 Core histones make up nucleosome: H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 DNA and histone synthesis ...
... Histones – small proteins with basic, positively charged amino acids lysine and arginine Bind to and neutralize negatively charged DNA Make up half of all chromatin protein by weight Five types: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 Core histones make up nucleosome: H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 DNA and histone synthesis ...
Analysis of Genomes
... ii. arrangement of domains iii. more paralogs - paralog iv. alternative splicing v. chemical modifications B. Repetitive DNA (>50% of human DNA) 1. transposon derived (~45%) 2. pseudogenes 3. SSRs (3%) 4. segmental duplications of 10 - 300kb pieces (5%) 5. repeates at centromeres, telomeres and othe ...
... ii. arrangement of domains iii. more paralogs - paralog iv. alternative splicing v. chemical modifications B. Repetitive DNA (>50% of human DNA) 1. transposon derived (~45%) 2. pseudogenes 3. SSRs (3%) 4. segmental duplications of 10 - 300kb pieces (5%) 5. repeates at centromeres, telomeres and othe ...
Extrachromosomal DNA
Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.