Large-Scale Variation Among Human and Great Ape Genomes
... 13:347–357 ©2003 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press ISSN 1088-9051/03 $5.00; www.genome.org ...
... 13:347–357 ©2003 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press ISSN 1088-9051/03 $5.00; www.genome.org ...
PPT - hss-1.us
... The nuclear envelope disassembles and microtubules invade the nuclear space. This is called open mitosis, and it occurs in most multicellular organisms. Fungi and some protists, such as algae or trichomonads, undergo a variation called closed mitosis where the spindle forms inside the nucleus or its ...
... The nuclear envelope disassembles and microtubules invade the nuclear space. This is called open mitosis, and it occurs in most multicellular organisms. Fungi and some protists, such as algae or trichomonads, undergo a variation called closed mitosis where the spindle forms inside the nucleus or its ...
DNA-Based Methods for the Identification of Commercial Fish and
... with highly processed samples (Lenstra 2003). Although DNA molecules can degrade during processing, they are more thermostable than proteins: DNA fragments as long as 300 bp can still be recovered following sterilization (Chapela and others 2007). Also, DNA has the potential to provide a greater amo ...
... with highly processed samples (Lenstra 2003). Although DNA molecules can degrade during processing, they are more thermostable than proteins: DNA fragments as long as 300 bp can still be recovered following sterilization (Chapela and others 2007). Also, DNA has the potential to provide a greater amo ...
Amplification of 16S rRNA Genes from Frankia Strains in Root
... Root nodules. The sources of the root nodules used in this study are listed in Table 1. In all cases the nodules were frozen at 2258C after collection or receipt at the University of Waikato. DNA isolation. Extreme care was used to avoid exogenous DNA in all solutions and during isolation of Frankia ...
... Root nodules. The sources of the root nodules used in this study are listed in Table 1. In all cases the nodules were frozen at 2258C after collection or receipt at the University of Waikato. DNA isolation. Extreme care was used to avoid exogenous DNA in all solutions and during isolation of Frankia ...
Directed Evolution of Polymerases To Accept Nucleotides with
... was 20 μL with 4 pmol of primer and 6 pmol of template. When the polymerase is presented as a P-containing template in the absence of dZTP, extension is stopped and no full-length product (50 nucleotides) is produced, even after incubation for 60 min. This shows that the variant does not mismatch an ...
... was 20 μL with 4 pmol of primer and 6 pmol of template. When the polymerase is presented as a P-containing template in the absence of dZTP, extension is stopped and no full-length product (50 nucleotides) is produced, even after incubation for 60 min. This shows that the variant does not mismatch an ...
The role of variable DNA tandem repeats in bacterial adaptation
... to rearrange and cause frameshift mutations in genes (Coenye & Vandamme, 2005; Ackermann & Chao, 2006; Orsi et al., 2010; Lin & Kussell, 2012). In contrast, SSRs whose unit size is a multiple of three nucleotides (3, 6, 9 …) are overrepresented in open reading frames (ORFs) because their expansion o ...
... to rearrange and cause frameshift mutations in genes (Coenye & Vandamme, 2005; Ackermann & Chao, 2006; Orsi et al., 2010; Lin & Kussell, 2012). In contrast, SSRs whose unit size is a multiple of three nucleotides (3, 6, 9 …) are overrepresented in open reading frames (ORFs) because their expansion o ...
Soft inheritance: Challenging the Modern Synthesis
... word for ‘monster’. Enrico Coen and his colleagues investigated the molecular basis of Peloria by looking at Lcyc, the homologue of a gene that in other plants is known to control dorso-ventral asymmetry and, when mutated, leads to a similar morphological phenotype (Cubas et al., 1999). They found t ...
... word for ‘monster’. Enrico Coen and his colleagues investigated the molecular basis of Peloria by looking at Lcyc, the homologue of a gene that in other plants is known to control dorso-ventral asymmetry and, when mutated, leads to a similar morphological phenotype (Cubas et al., 1999). They found t ...
Chapter 13 Meiosis
... The two copies of a chromosome remain closely associated along their lengths; this is called sister chromatid cohesion. The sister chromatids make one duplicate chromosome; this is different from homologous chromosomes, which are inherited from different parents. Homologs may have different versions ...
... The two copies of a chromosome remain closely associated along their lengths; this is called sister chromatid cohesion. The sister chromatids make one duplicate chromosome; this is different from homologous chromosomes, which are inherited from different parents. Homologs may have different versions ...
RNAi in Plants: An Argonaute-Centered View
... 2015). This association diminishes miR168-directed cleavage of AGO1, thus increasing the levels of AGO1 accumulation and antiviral defense (Wu et al., 2015). In agreement with their roles as decoys for miRNAs, sRNA binding but not slicing activity is required for the functions of AGO10 in Arabidopsi ...
... 2015). This association diminishes miR168-directed cleavage of AGO1, thus increasing the levels of AGO1 accumulation and antiviral defense (Wu et al., 2015). In agreement with their roles as decoys for miRNAs, sRNA binding but not slicing activity is required for the functions of AGO10 in Arabidopsi ...
100 Antibiotic.p65
... DNA. (R-factors cause resistance to antibiotics, virus infections and UV radiation). If a population of bacteria is exposed to an antibiotic then any non-resistant bacteria will be killed or inhibited but any mutant resistant bacteria will survive and multiply, passing on their resistant genes from ...
... DNA. (R-factors cause resistance to antibiotics, virus infections and UV radiation). If a population of bacteria is exposed to an antibiotic then any non-resistant bacteria will be killed or inhibited but any mutant resistant bacteria will survive and multiply, passing on their resistant genes from ...
Sex reversal: deletion mapping the male
... unpubl.) It is therefore not possible to construct a genetic linkage map of the Y chromosome from recombination frequencies among markers. However, the natural occurrence of a wide variety of structural abnormalities of the Y chromosome suggests the possibility of constructing a deletion map. Indeed ...
... unpubl.) It is therefore not possible to construct a genetic linkage map of the Y chromosome from recombination frequencies among markers. However, the natural occurrence of a wide variety of structural abnormalities of the Y chromosome suggests the possibility of constructing a deletion map. Indeed ...
Laboratory manual for the diagnosis of whooping cough caused by... pertussis/ Bordetella parapertussis
... Whooping cough is not only a childhood disease. It is dramatic for neonates and infants but can be very severe for children and adults. For over 40 years whole-cell pertussis vaccines have been very effective, preventing around 760 000 deaths annually worldwide. Nevertheless, pertussis disease conti ...
... Whooping cough is not only a childhood disease. It is dramatic for neonates and infants but can be very severe for children and adults. For over 40 years whole-cell pertussis vaccines have been very effective, preventing around 760 000 deaths annually worldwide. Nevertheless, pertussis disease conti ...
Genome engineering of mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells
... cleavage domain. CRISPR RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases use small base-pairing RNAs to target and cleave foreign DNA elements in a sequence-specific manner (Wiedenheft, Sternberg & Doudna, 2012). Among these technologies, the type II CRISPR system from Streptococcus pyogenes is the simplest. In this syste ...
... cleavage domain. CRISPR RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases use small base-pairing RNAs to target and cleave foreign DNA elements in a sequence-specific manner (Wiedenheft, Sternberg & Doudna, 2012). Among these technologies, the type II CRISPR system from Streptococcus pyogenes is the simplest. In this syste ...
Illustrating Python via Bioinformatics Examples
... Department of Informatics, University of Oslo ...
... Department of Informatics, University of Oslo ...
Mitochondrial genes in the colourless alga Prototheca wickerhamii
... Fig. 1. (The complete sequence, EMBL ace. no. X68722, and the secondary structure model of the LSUrRNA will be published elsewhere.) Fig. 3 shows the secondary structure of the fifth domain in which two introns of 375 nt and 500 nt length are inserted at position 2721 and 30%, respectively. The stru ...
... Fig. 1. (The complete sequence, EMBL ace. no. X68722, and the secondary structure model of the LSUrRNA will be published elsewhere.) Fig. 3 shows the secondary structure of the fifth domain in which two introns of 375 nt and 500 nt length are inserted at position 2721 and 30%, respectively. The stru ...
Risks from GMOs due to Horizontal Gene Transfer
... et al., 2001; Tsirigos and Rigoutsos, 2005). A significant fraction of many prokaryote genomes, up to 20%, has been classified as recent HGTs according to these criteria (Garcia-Vallve et al., 2003). The advantage of detecting HGT by anomalous nucleotide composition is that it requires only a single ...
... et al., 2001; Tsirigos and Rigoutsos, 2005). A significant fraction of many prokaryote genomes, up to 20%, has been classified as recent HGTs according to these criteria (Garcia-Vallve et al., 2003). The advantage of detecting HGT by anomalous nucleotide composition is that it requires only a single ...
Notifiable Low Risk Dealing (NLRD)
... prevents transcription of genomic RNA following integration into the host cell DNA; or (B) the packaging cell line and packaging plasmids express only viral genes gagpol, rev and an envelope protein gene, or a subset of these; (m) a dealing involving the introduction of a replication defective retro ...
... prevents transcription of genomic RNA following integration into the host cell DNA; or (B) the packaging cell line and packaging plasmids express only viral genes gagpol, rev and an envelope protein gene, or a subset of these; (m) a dealing involving the introduction of a replication defective retro ...
Cutting Edge: DNA Polymerases and Are Dispensable for Ig Gene
... whose contribution is crucial to diversify the third complementarity-determining region of Ig and TCR genes during V(D)J rearrangement; 2) despite a ubiquitous expression, a higher level of transcription in lymphoid tissues, in particular B cells from tonsils, but also, and obviously not in favor of ...
... whose contribution is crucial to diversify the third complementarity-determining region of Ig and TCR genes during V(D)J rearrangement; 2) despite a ubiquitous expression, a higher level of transcription in lymphoid tissues, in particular B cells from tonsils, but also, and obviously not in favor of ...
Chpt11_TxnPromoters.doc
... Free duplex DNA will not stick to a nitrocellulose membrane, but a protein-DNA complex will bind. 2. To what sequence in the probe DNA is the protein binding? The presence of a protein will either protect a segment of DNA from attack by a nuclease or other degradative reagent, or in some cases will ...
... Free duplex DNA will not stick to a nitrocellulose membrane, but a protein-DNA complex will bind. 2. To what sequence in the probe DNA is the protein binding? The presence of a protein will either protect a segment of DNA from attack by a nuclease or other degradative reagent, or in some cases will ...
PDF
... of embryo development showing syncytial endosperm. (B)Early-abortion phenotype segregating in siliques from self-pollinated JF1781/+ plants. The zygote (arrowhead) is arrested and the endosperm contains one large nucleus. (C)Two wild-type endosperm nuclei at the dermatogen stage. (D)Single large ...
... of embryo development showing syncytial endosperm. (B)Early-abortion phenotype segregating in siliques from self-pollinated JF1781/+ plants. The zygote (arrowhead) is arrested and the endosperm contains one large nucleus. (C)Two wild-type endosperm nuclei at the dermatogen stage. (D)Single large ...
The Importance of the TSHR-gene in Domestic Chicken Hanna Johnsen
... completely fixed. Out of 271 analyzed domestic chickens, both commercial and landraces, only seven were heterozygous for the selective sweep haplotype (the genes inherited from one of the two chromosome pairs), while 264 were homozygous. Such a degree of fixation was not seen in any of the other det ...
... completely fixed. Out of 271 analyzed domestic chickens, both commercial and landraces, only seven were heterozygous for the selective sweep haplotype (the genes inherited from one of the two chromosome pairs), while 264 were homozygous. Such a degree of fixation was not seen in any of the other det ...
Extracting Haplotypes from Diploid Organisms
... St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada Abstract Each diploid organism has two alleles at every gene locus. In sexual organisms such as most plants, animals and fungi, the two alleles in an individual may be genetically very different from each other. DNA sequence data from individual alleles ( ...
... St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada Abstract Each diploid organism has two alleles at every gene locus. In sexual organisms such as most plants, animals and fungi, the two alleles in an individual may be genetically very different from each other. DNA sequence data from individual alleles ( ...
Extrachromosomal DNA
Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.