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Using comparative genomic hybridization to
Using comparative genomic hybridization to

... duplications and deletions associated with population divergence and speciation [Anopheles gambiae: [18,19]], and genomic regions that differentiate humans from other primate species [20,21]. While most studies rely only on presence or absence metrics, a few studies have suggested that the relations ...
introduction
introduction

... However, in other organisms, with the exception of certain green algae and leguminous plants, it is encoded by the mitochondrial genome (Gray, 1999; Palmer et al., 2000). The COXII protein of apicomplexan parasites contains two polypeptides which correspond to the amino terminal and the carboxyl ter ...
Gene regulation in three dimensions
Gene regulation in three dimensions

... Gene regulation has traditionally mainly been viewed as a 1D and possibly 2D process. In the 1D view the genome is seen as a linear string of nucleotides, where one or more transcription factors (TFs) bind to transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), and thereby regulate the expression of genes th ...
NIH Guidelines - Institutional Biosafety Committee
NIH Guidelines - Institutional Biosafety Committee

... • Make an initial determination of the risk groups and containment levels required to safely conduct the research in the protocol. • Select the appropriate microbiological and lab techniques. • Submit the initial protocol, as well as subsequent changes, to the IBC for review and approval or disappro ...
Genotyping BoLA-DRB3 alleles in Brazilian Dairy Gir cattle (Bos
Genotyping BoLA-DRB3 alleles in Brazilian Dairy Gir cattle (Bos

... alleles. This methodology cannot accurately determine differences between all current alleles, and this may have led to the different conclusions in disease association studies. Another technique, which has been used for typing HLA genes, is polymerase chain reaction using sequencespecific oligonucl ...
Crystal structures of -[Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ 1 with oligonucleotides
Crystal structures of -[Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ 1 with oligonucleotides

... Description of the structures Complex between 1 and d(CCGGTACCGG) This self-complementary sequence crystallizes to give a symmetrical duplex with a stoichiometry of three cations of 1 per duplex, or 1.5 cations of 1 per decamer strand. All the nucleic acid strands are equivalent in the crystal latt ...
Karyotype
Karyotype

... chromosome pairs are arranged in descending order of size. (start big, get small) ...
werribee secondary college vce unit planner ~ 2004
werribee secondary college vce unit planner ~ 2004

... Thursday: generalized view of how information is received by a cells receptor and transducted to an effector for lipid and protein based signaling molecules Friday: ANZAC day Homework: hormone revision and exam questions Monday: PD: apoptosis as an example of the cellular response to specific signal ...
The Development of a Genetic Marker for Resistance to Fescue
The Development of a Genetic Marker for Resistance to Fescue

... monthly during April, May and June. Also, in June a single blood sample was taken for the analysis of circulating serum prolactin concentrations. Each animal was also scored on their hair coat using a common scoring scale (1=short and smoother; 5= rough, long and shaggy). Tail hairs from which genom ...
final1-eu-marie-curie-final-report
final1-eu-marie-curie-final-report

... 3% of the genes were dedicated to secondary metabolite production, biosynthesis, transport and catabolism.3 Questions therefore arise as to whether or not the natural products are strain specific, especially as most taxonomic classifications have been mostly morphological. It is also clear through t ...
Contrasting Patterns of Mitochondrial DNA Population Genetic
Contrasting Patterns of Mitochondrial DNA Population Genetic

... complexes of phenotypically homogeneous adult cod can be recognized, and can form the basis for the management of fishing patterns and effort. However, it is essential to recognize that these complexes are not genetically differentiated and thus do not represent distinct populations. The strong corr ...
Identification of Human Polymorphisms in the Phenylthio
Identification of Human Polymorphisms in the Phenylthio

... of the protein? For answers to some of these questions, group members should read the paper by Floriano and co-workers (2006), in which they describe in-depth, three-dimensional modeling of the protein. It should be noted that PTC taste sensitivity is not an all or nothing trait, displaying instea ...
Meiotic DSBs and the control of mammalian recombination
Meiotic DSBs and the control of mammalian recombination

... years we learned that hotspots, as well as being present in mice, are found in humans, dogs, yeast, and Arabidopsis, but curiously are thought not to be present in C. elegans or Drosophila species, although definitive, high-resolution molecular studies have yet to be carried out in these latter exce ...
Semester VI - MG University
Semester VI - MG University

... tissue associated with it. Mention its important characteristic feature. 22. Some fruits are gritty. Why? 23. Annual rings are common in plants growing in Himachal Pradesh but are not common in plants growing in Bombay. Give reason. 24. What is placentation? Write an example. ...
Analysis of Genetic Toggle Switch Systems Encoded on Plasmids
Analysis of Genetic Toggle Switch Systems Encoded on Plasmids

... exclusive switch there is an overlap between the two promoter sites, so they cannot be occupied at the same time. The studies in Refs. [27] focused on the case in which the switch system is encoded on the chromosome, namely, each gene and its promoter site appears in a single copy. In addition, coop ...
Gene Section RAD52 (RAD52 homolog (S. cerevisiae)) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section RAD52 (RAD52 homolog (S. cerevisiae)) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... and hRAD52 with replication protein A (RPA) is important for the binding with ssDNA by RAD52 (Hays et al., 1998; Shinohara et al., 1998; Jackson et al., 2002). hRAD52 binds directly to DSBs, protects them from exonuclease resection, and facilitates end-to-end interaction (Van Dyck et al., 1999). Fur ...
Archives of Microbiology 167:
Archives of Microbiology 167:

... genomic cosmid library (Cohen et al. 1994). Nine cosmids hybridized when probed with the flanking DNA from pSCR210. Upon subsequent isolation and characterization, three cosmids showed similar restriction patterns in Southern hybridizations. We attempted to clone several larger genomic fragments (5. ...
004 - cse.sc.edu
004 - cse.sc.edu

... • Automate computer work that you do by hand save time & reduce errors • Run the same analysis on lots of similar data files = scale-up • Analyze data, make decisions • sort Blast results by e-value &/or species of best mach ...
Analysis of Flanking Sequences from Dissociation
Analysis of Flanking Sequences from Dissociation

... 1996a, 1996b). Each NOR occupies 3.5 to 4.0 Mb and consists of tandemly repeated rRNA gene clusters. The nucleolus is organized around the NORs during interphase and is associated with very active transcription of ribosomal genes by RNA polymerase I. The increasing frequency of insertions into the N ...
References - Plant Developmental Biology
References - Plant Developmental Biology

Analysis of Flanking Sequences from Dissociation
Analysis of Flanking Sequences from Dissociation

... 1996a, 1996b). Each NOR occupies 3.5 to 4.0 Mb and consists of tandemly repeated rRNA gene clusters. The nucleolus is organized around the NORs during interphase and is associated with very active transcription of ribosomal genes by RNA polymerase I. The increasing frequency of insertions into the N ...
functional analysis of chromatin assembly genes in tetrahymena
functional analysis of chromatin assembly genes in tetrahymena

... The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome composed of ~147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. Post-translational modifications such as histone acetylation or the substitution of histone variants in place of core histones have been implicated in various ch ...
13-1
13-1

... RNA Editing Like a writer’s first draft, RNA molecules sometimes require a bit of editing before they are ready to be read. These pre-mRNA molecules have bits and pieces cut out of them before they can go into action. The portions that are cut out and discarded are called introns. In eukaryotes, intr ...
BIO 101 Lab OBJECTIVES
BIO 101 Lab OBJECTIVES

... 3. Be familiar with or be able to name an example of bacteria, protists and fungi. Exercise 4 – The Cell (P. 79-94) 1. Know the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. Be able to recognize and label the organelles inside a prokaryotic cell, animal cell and plant cell. 3. Know t ...
Genome Biology and Evolution
Genome Biology and Evolution

... Monophlebidae. Further analyses should be done to determine whether other Flavobacteria that have been previously obtained from insects of the family Coccidae and Lecanodiaspididae whose 16S rRNA sequences are phylogenetically related to Walczuchella monophlebidarum (Rosenblueth et al. 2012) could b ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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