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acute monocular blindness & basic neuro ophthalmology
acute monocular blindness & basic neuro ophthalmology

... • Not much works, and basically nothing in the acute setting • Find systemic problems • Refer to an ophthalmologist • They may try many therapies – As for CRAO, plus hemodilution, laser photocoagulation, steroids ...
Manish K, Jyothi N. Sanganal. “The Study of Post
Manish K, Jyothi N. Sanganal. “The Study of Post

... hospital for post- mortem examination during the year 2013-2014 of which 132 were males and 64 females [i]. Out of total 196 bodies, 98 died due to RTA & other accidents, 44 due to burns, 22 due to poisoning, 14 due to natural death, 12 due to hanging, 2 due to drowning[ii]. In 162 bodies, the corne ...
Darcy Sczepanik
Darcy Sczepanik

... is linked to hypertension 60 percent of the time. BRVOs are primarily nonischemic events (resulting in <5 disc diameters of capillary non-perfusion) twothirds of time. As a result, BRVO rarely leads to neovascularization (22% to 36%), but is often associated with macular edema (50%), particularly in ...
LISC 322 Neuroscience Normal Vision Retinal Image Formation
LISC 322 Neuroscience Normal Vision Retinal Image Formation

... power of the both the cornea and the lens as well as on the shape of the eye globe. ...
Anatomy of the Patient Exam
Anatomy of the Patient Exam

... The physician examines the retina (back of the eye) to determine the appearance of the optic nerve/disc, the macula, and the periphery. Diseases identified by the appearance of the retinal structure include macular degeneration, retinal detachments, glaucoma, optic nerve disease, etc. Special instru ...
Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Retinal Toxicity
Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Retinal Toxicity

... • spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT). In fact, mfERG—a test that is typically available in large clinical centers—objectively evaluates function and can be used in place of visual fields. It’s also worth considering the use of color fundus photographs to assist in documenting changes over time, especiall ...
4._Ocular_Emergencies_&_DDx
4._Ocular_Emergencies_&_DDx

... Branch occlusion: produces localized effects confined to the area of the retina supplied by this branch. Signs of Arterial Occlusion -milky-white appearance of the retina and cherry-red spot at the macula. -retinal arteries are attenuated and the veins are slightly filled with blood. -vision rapidly ...
PDF - International Journal of Retina and Vitreous
PDF - International Journal of Retina and Vitreous

... multiple shiny refractile dots distributed both intravascularly and extravascularly corresponding to those seen in color photo. The high resolution of AO allowed detection of some tiny particles that were not detectable clinically (Arrow heads: Fig. 1). Different diagnostic modalities have been used ...
Dear Notetaker:
Dear Notetaker:

... Page1 ...
Posterior scleritis with retinal vasculitis and choroidal and retinal
Posterior scleritis with retinal vasculitis and choroidal and retinal

... failed to identify any cases where retinal vasculitis predominated or where choroidal infarction occurred. Optic disc swelling is a recognised feature of posterior scleritis. In this case with such extensive vascular involvement it is possible that direct infarction of the optic nerve head could hav ...
Resolution of Mid-Peripheral Intraretinal Fluid in X
Resolution of Mid-Peripheral Intraretinal Fluid in X

... a. Baseline right eye mid-periphery ...
Detection and treatment of diabetic macular oe
Detection and treatment of diabetic macular oe

... microaneurysms. (Figures 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B) After an urgent assessment at the eye hospital two weeks later, the registrar recommended better BSL control, in conjunction with the general practitioner, as first line treatment. On review in October 2013, the registrar decided to continue to monitor the ...
What is it? The retina is a thin film of light
What is it? The retina is a thin film of light

... You are at risk for retinal detachment if you are very nearsighted or if you have a family history of retinal detachments. Protect your eyes from injury by wearing CSAapproved safety goggles when playing sports or using tools. Regular examinations by an eye doctor can detect changes in your retina a ...
The Eye
The Eye

... a small instrument placed directly on anesthetized cornea. Should be checked regularly over the age of 40 to detect glaucoma I. Visual fields – (Cover one eye or have patient close one eye) 1. Stand in front of patient (approximately two feet away). 2. Both patient and examiner cover their eyes on t ...
3 literature review
3 literature review

... the diagnosis and retain a "hard copy" for analysis throughout the course of the disease. Accurate analysis and meaningful diagnostic conclusions result from the recognition of several important phenomena that occur during the course of an angiographic study and a standard protocol should be followe ...
posterior vitreous detachment - Adelaide Eye and Retina Centre
posterior vitreous detachment - Adelaide Eye and Retina Centre

... is called the ‘vitreous.’ This jelly is 98% water and 2% proteins, which give it a stiff consistency like gelatine. The vitreous has normal connections to the retina, the light sensitive layer in the back of the eye. As we age, the watery elements in the vitreous separate from the fibrous/protein co ...
Central retinal artery occlusion as the presenting
Central retinal artery occlusion as the presenting

... Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an elevated platelet count without an obvious cause. In addition to overproduction, platelets are also functionally abnormal; therefore, thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications can occur in such patients [1]. Repor ...
Research into Progressive Retinal Atrophy in Papillons
Research into Progressive Retinal Atrophy in Papillons

... Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is the name given to a group of conditions that are inherited and result in a progressive loss of vision leading to blindness. The disease targets the photoreceptors in the retina. These are the cells that convert the picture formed on the retina at the back of the ...
Non-Insulin Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)
Non-Insulin Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)

... Drugs of choice to dilate are the anti-muscarinic, Tropicamide 0.5% or 1% and The sympathomimetic, phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5%. These can be used synergistically to produce maximum dilatation. However, patients with advance diabetic disease, with signs such as peripheral neuropathy, may be “sup ...
Chapter 1 - General Introduction
Chapter 1 - General Introduction

... of the fluorescent contrast dyes fluorescein or indocyanin green to the subject [12]. So-called fluorescein angiography and indocyanin green angiography are routinely used in the clinic to study retinal pathology that involves vascular changes, such as choroidal neovascularizations and fluid leakage ...
Marquez, M - American Academy of Optometry
Marquez, M - American Academy of Optometry

... o GA is defined as loss of cells in the RPE, outer retinal layers, and choriocapillaris o Macular drusen always presents before GA o Category 3 dry advanced AMD  Definition: Choroidal neovascular membrane development or GA at the fovea  GA develops within 5-6 years along with confluent soft drusen ...
Veris13 - Electro-Diagnostic Imaging, Inc.
Veris13 - Electro-Diagnostic Imaging, Inc.

... The Conventional Flash ERG Response Response of the retina to a full-field flash derived by means of an electrode placed on or near the cornea of the eye. The basic stimulator used for the derivation of this response is  The Ganzfeld Stimulator ...
Davisson
Davisson

... A person with rubeosis might have a gradual loss of peripheral vision that is related to the secondary problem of glaucoma. This is usually undetectable with the naked eye. It is also adventitious and more commonly regressive than progressive. The extra blood vessels are formed to provide nutrients ...
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy

... retinal vessels by endothelial progenitor cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. • Type 1 diabetes is due primarily to autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, which leads to insulin deficiency. • The frequency of Type 1 diabetes is low relative to Type 2 dia ...
Can YOU Walk the EYE Doc Talk??
Can YOU Walk the EYE Doc Talk??

... 32.6% neck, shoulder, back pain 24% HA 23% Blurred vision 22.8% Dry eye NOMOphobia ...
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Fundus photography



Fundus Photography involves capturing a photograph of the back of the eye i.e. fundus. Specialized fundus cameras that consist of an intricate microscope attached to a flashed enabled camera are used in fundus photography. The main structures that can be visualized on a fundus photo are the central and peripheral retina, optic disc and macula. Fundus photography can be performed with colored filters, or with specialized dyes including fluorescein and indocyanine green.The models and technology of fundus photography has advanced and evolved rapidly over the last century. Since the equipments are sophisticated and challenging to manufacture to clinical standards, only a few manufacturers/brands are available in the market: Topcon, Zeiss, Canon, Nidek, Kowa, CSO and CenterVue are some example of fundus camera manufacturers.
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