draft - IC
... When more than two genomes are considered, we have the more challenging problem of rearrangement-based phylogeny reconstruction, where we want to nd a tree that minimizes the total number of rearrangement events. Early approaches were based on a breakpoint distance (e.g., BPAnalysis [13], and GRAPP ...
... When more than two genomes are considered, we have the more challenging problem of rearrangement-based phylogeny reconstruction, where we want to nd a tree that minimizes the total number of rearrangement events. Early approaches were based on a breakpoint distance (e.g., BPAnalysis [13], and GRAPP ...
The biased nucleotide composition of the HIV genome: a constant
... The RNA genomes of HIV-1 group M virus isolates contain a similar amount of A-nucleotides as those of group O (35%, Table 1). Group N and P viruses appear to contain slightly higher (group N) or lower (group P) levels of A-nucleotides, but only one (group P) or no (group N) full-length genomes with ...
... The RNA genomes of HIV-1 group M virus isolates contain a similar amount of A-nucleotides as those of group O (35%, Table 1). Group N and P viruses appear to contain slightly higher (group N) or lower (group P) levels of A-nucleotides, but only one (group P) or no (group N) full-length genomes with ...
Gene Section USF1 (upstream transcription factor 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... modifications that affect USF1 function are indicated. The protein product of the splice variant lacks the first 59 amino acids, dimerizes with full-length USF1 protein, which results in its inactivation (Saito et al., 2003). ...
... modifications that affect USF1 function are indicated. The protein product of the splice variant lacks the first 59 amino acids, dimerizes with full-length USF1 protein, which results in its inactivation (Saito et al., 2003). ...
FTZFactor1 and Fushi tarazu interact via conserved nuclear receptor
... et al., 1984; Martinez-Arias and Lawrence, 1985) and aFtz-F1 (Guichet et al., 1997; Yu et al., 1997) mutant embryos. Thus, ftz provides the spatial information for the combinatorial function of the two genes. Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that bind DNA via type II zinc-®nger motifs (re ...
... et al., 1984; Martinez-Arias and Lawrence, 1985) and aFtz-F1 (Guichet et al., 1997; Yu et al., 1997) mutant embryos. Thus, ftz provides the spatial information for the combinatorial function of the two genes. Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that bind DNA via type II zinc-®nger motifs (re ...
FTZ-Factor1 and Fushi tarazu interact via conserved nuclear
... et al., 1984; Martinez-Arias and Lawrence, 1985) and aFtz-F1 (Guichet et al., 1997; Yu et al., 1997) mutant embryos. Thus, ftz provides the spatial information for the combinatorial function of the two genes. Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that bind DNA via type II zinc-®nger motifs (re ...
... et al., 1984; Martinez-Arias and Lawrence, 1985) and aFtz-F1 (Guichet et al., 1997; Yu et al., 1997) mutant embryos. Thus, ftz provides the spatial information for the combinatorial function of the two genes. Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that bind DNA via type II zinc-®nger motifs (re ...
Misregulation of pre-mRNA splicing that causes human diseases
... About one third of all human genes are subject to alternative splicing. The molecular mechanisms that regulate alternative splice site usage are beginning to emerge and show that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are integrated processes that can be modified by cellular signals. Several diseases ...
... About one third of all human genes are subject to alternative splicing. The molecular mechanisms that regulate alternative splice site usage are beginning to emerge and show that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are integrated processes that can be modified by cellular signals. Several diseases ...
The bovine papillomavirus type 4 long control region contains an
... nature of these enhancer elements. Bovine papillomavirus type 4 (BPV-4) is a mucosal epitheliotropic papillomavirus and is a causative agent of alimentary canal carcinoma in cattle (Campo et al., 1994). Like HPV-16 and -18, the LCR of BPV-4 controls the expression of the transforming genes of the vi ...
... nature of these enhancer elements. Bovine papillomavirus type 4 (BPV-4) is a mucosal epitheliotropic papillomavirus and is a causative agent of alimentary canal carcinoma in cattle (Campo et al., 1994). Like HPV-16 and -18, the LCR of BPV-4 controls the expression of the transforming genes of the vi ...
Biochemistry Lecture 23 THE LAST ONE!
... • >1 Ribosome at a time translates a single mRNA (27-29) – Efficient use of single mRNA strand ...
... • >1 Ribosome at a time translates a single mRNA (27-29) – Efficient use of single mRNA strand ...
"Frontmatter". In: Plant Genomics and Proteomics
... the biochemical reactions of light responses have already been well documented, but the ability to recognize the genes that have been transferred from the organellar genomes to the nucleus may also shed light both on the coordinated control of these responses and on the evolutionary history, pressur ...
... the biochemical reactions of light responses have already been well documented, but the ability to recognize the genes that have been transferred from the organellar genomes to the nucleus may also shed light both on the coordinated control of these responses and on the evolutionary history, pressur ...
A nested deletion approach to generate Cre deleter mice with
... physiology and diseases. Of particular interest is the loxP/Cre recombinase system, which allows for site- or time-specific recombination of particular target sequences, hence for a conditional approach of targeted genetic modifications (Sauer, 1998; Nagy, 2000). Using this system, it is for instanc ...
... physiology and diseases. Of particular interest is the loxP/Cre recombinase system, which allows for site- or time-specific recombination of particular target sequences, hence for a conditional approach of targeted genetic modifications (Sauer, 1998; Nagy, 2000). Using this system, it is for instanc ...
Report Number of Nuclear Divisions in the Drosophila Blastoderm
... expression of CyclinB. Although the altered levels of RNA polymerase II in X161 mutants probably affect expression of many genes during oogenesis, these changes seem not to matter in functional terms, given the overall normal morphology and specific mutant phenotype. It is conceivable that transcrip ...
... expression of CyclinB. Although the altered levels of RNA polymerase II in X161 mutants probably affect expression of many genes during oogenesis, these changes seem not to matter in functional terms, given the overall normal morphology and specific mutant phenotype. It is conceivable that transcrip ...
The role of Dby mRNA in early development of male mouse zygotes
... Ejaculated mammalian spermatozoa contain a complex yet specific population of mRNA. However, the possible roles that mRNA has in early zygotic and embryonic development remain unclear. We found that Dby mRNA is selectively retained in capacitated mouse spermatozoa, and is transferred into the oocyte ...
... Ejaculated mammalian spermatozoa contain a complex yet specific population of mRNA. However, the possible roles that mRNA has in early zygotic and embryonic development remain unclear. We found that Dby mRNA is selectively retained in capacitated mouse spermatozoa, and is transferred into the oocyte ...
Alu repeat analysis in the complete human genome: trends and
... 1989). Initial analysis of the first draft of human genome also revealed their association with gene and GC regions of the genome (Lander et al., 2001). It has also been reported that these elements are unevenly distributed and there is a positive correlation between exons and Alus in human chromoso ...
... 1989). Initial analysis of the first draft of human genome also revealed their association with gene and GC regions of the genome (Lander et al., 2001). It has also been reported that these elements are unevenly distributed and there is a positive correlation between exons and Alus in human chromoso ...
Genome-Wide Analysis of In Vivo Binding of the Master Regulator
... function) sigma factors genes and some 70 two-component regulatory systems [4]. As producers of over half of known antibiotics, streptomycetes are a paradigm of secondary metaboliteproducing microorganisms [5,6]. Typically, antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters are, at the very least, activated by a ...
... function) sigma factors genes and some 70 two-component regulatory systems [4]. As producers of over half of known antibiotics, streptomycetes are a paradigm of secondary metaboliteproducing microorganisms [5,6]. Typically, antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters are, at the very least, activated by a ...
IMPROVE SMALL RNA-MEDIATED GENE SILENCING
... We now have a much greater understanding of the gene silencing pathways in plants and their crucial roles in a variety of biological regulation processes, such as development, plant defense against invading viral nucleic acids, and epigenetic modifications. siRNA directed target repression can occur ...
... We now have a much greater understanding of the gene silencing pathways in plants and their crucial roles in a variety of biological regulation processes, such as development, plant defense against invading viral nucleic acids, and epigenetic modifications. siRNA directed target repression can occur ...
Growth medium composition-determined regulatory mechanisms
... 1996). The physiological down-regulation of the Pu promoter of TOL plasmids is a complex process controlled by two or more independent mechanisms (Cases & de Lorenzo, 2000). For example, PtsNmediated carbon source inhibition (Cases et al., 1999) and the control of the activity of σ&% (Cases et al., ...
... 1996). The physiological down-regulation of the Pu promoter of TOL plasmids is a complex process controlled by two or more independent mechanisms (Cases & de Lorenzo, 2000). For example, PtsNmediated carbon source inhibition (Cases et al., 1999) and the control of the activity of σ&% (Cases et al., ...
SMN1
... According to one hypothesis, reduced SMN levels result in reduced assembly of Sm proteins onto snRNA. This unevenly alters the levels of specific endogenous snRNPs, such as those used to splice minor introns (particularly U11) from pre-mRNA. It remains to be determined what the downstream target gen ...
... According to one hypothesis, reduced SMN levels result in reduced assembly of Sm proteins onto snRNA. This unevenly alters the levels of specific endogenous snRNPs, such as those used to splice minor introns (particularly U11) from pre-mRNA. It remains to be determined what the downstream target gen ...
Clustering of mandibular organ-inhibiting hormone and moult
... MO-IH and MIH genes showed that they contained promoter elements with characteristics similar to other eukaryotic genes. These included sequences with high degrees of similarity to the arthropod initiator, TATA box and cAMP response element binding protein. Additionally, putative CF1/USP and Broad C ...
... MO-IH and MIH genes showed that they contained promoter elements with characteristics similar to other eukaryotic genes. These included sequences with high degrees of similarity to the arthropod initiator, TATA box and cAMP response element binding protein. Additionally, putative CF1/USP and Broad C ...
A Complex Suite of Forces Drives Gene Traffic from Drosophila X
... melanogaster and humans (Betrán et al. 2002; Emerson et al. 2004; Potrzebowski et al. 2008). The autosomal copies of these paralogs tend to be testis expressed, suggesting that these new genes are preferentially retained because they allow for escape from X-inactivation. However, there is still a d ...
... melanogaster and humans (Betrán et al. 2002; Emerson et al. 2004; Potrzebowski et al. 2008). The autosomal copies of these paralogs tend to be testis expressed, suggesting that these new genes are preferentially retained because they allow for escape from X-inactivation. However, there is still a d ...
New Construct Approaches for Efficient Gene Silencing in Plants
... this promoter is stronger and dominant over P35S. The above-described studies had shown that terminator-free sense (pSIM140) and antisense (pSIM758) constructs did not trigger gene silencing effectively. We therefore assumed that the rare readthrough transcripts of pSIM715 would not interfere with t ...
... this promoter is stronger and dominant over P35S. The above-described studies had shown that terminator-free sense (pSIM140) and antisense (pSIM758) constructs did not trigger gene silencing effectively. We therefore assumed that the rare readthrough transcripts of pSIM715 would not interfere with t ...
Read the Nobel Lecture
... First we needed an assay – a way to detect if telomere elongation was happening. The first assay we tried explored whether a piece of DNA that included a telomere would incorporate DNA precursors more readily than a piece of DNA containing non-telomeric sequences. The idea was that if there was an ...
... First we needed an assay – a way to detect if telomere elongation was happening. The first assay we tried explored whether a piece of DNA that included a telomere would incorporate DNA precursors more readily than a piece of DNA containing non-telomeric sequences. The idea was that if there was an ...
The mitochondrial genome of the soybean cyst nematode
... (55%), Onchocerca volvulus (54%), and R. similis (53%) have comparable levels. By comparison, enoplean nematodes tend to have slightly lower T-contents, with a range of 27% (Trichinella spiralis) to 44% (Agamermis sp.). A comparison with other pseudocoelomates (from the phyla Acanthocephala and Roti ...
... (55%), Onchocerca volvulus (54%), and R. similis (53%) have comparable levels. By comparison, enoplean nematodes tend to have slightly lower T-contents, with a range of 27% (Trichinella spiralis) to 44% (Agamermis sp.). A comparison with other pseudocoelomates (from the phyla Acanthocephala and Roti ...
Isolation and characterization of an RNA that binds with high affinity
... cycle of HIV-1, as well as in viral proliferation, it is an important and attractive target in efforts to develop weapons against HIV. Several genetic strategies have been tested, in the past, in attempts to repress the proliferation of HIV. Trans-dominant proteins, single-chain antibodies, antisens ...
... cycle of HIV-1, as well as in viral proliferation, it is an important and attractive target in efforts to develop weapons against HIV. Several genetic strategies have been tested, in the past, in attempts to repress the proliferation of HIV. Trans-dominant proteins, single-chain antibodies, antisens ...
Article Purifying Selection Maintains Dosage
... in characterizing the outcomes of these evolutionary processes on vertebrate sex chromosomes, it is still unclear how recombination suppression and sequence divergence typically occur and how gene dosage imbalances are resolved in the heterogametic sex. The threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus ...
... in characterizing the outcomes of these evolutionary processes on vertebrate sex chromosomes, it is still unclear how recombination suppression and sequence divergence typically occur and how gene dosage imbalances are resolved in the heterogametic sex. The threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus ...
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... other organizer genes, including gsc, chd, otx2, cerberus (cer) and paraxial protocadherin (papc) (Collart et al., 2005; Hiratani et al., 2003; Hukriede et al., 2003; Mochizuki et al., 2000; Taira et al., 1994; Yamamoto et al., 2003). Third, Xenopus Lhx1 has additional conserved subregions, called t ...
... other organizer genes, including gsc, chd, otx2, cerberus (cer) and paraxial protocadherin (papc) (Collart et al., 2005; Hiratani et al., 2003; Hukriede et al., 2003; Mochizuki et al., 2000; Taira et al., 1994; Yamamoto et al., 2003). Third, Xenopus Lhx1 has additional conserved subregions, called t ...