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Specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of endoglucanase
Specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of endoglucanase

... 1964; Nakamura et al. 1999), Bacillus licheniformis (Skerman et al. 1980), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Priest et al. 1987), Bacillus atrophaeus (Nakamura 1989), Bacillus mojavensis (Roberts et al. 1994), Bacillus vallismortis (Roberts et al. 1996), Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii (Nakamura et al ...
20. Transposable Genetic Elements
20. Transposable Genetic Elements

Helminths in the gastrointestinal tract as modulators of immunity and
Helminths in the gastrointestinal tract as modulators of immunity and

... linked to the regulatory arm of the immune system (59,68,105,161). It is interesting to note ...
Independent of IL-4 Development of Lupus in BXSB Mice Is
Independent of IL-4 Development of Lupus in BXSB Mice Is

... D41 T cells following activation become polarized into two main subsets, designated Th1 and Th2, that manifest distinct cytokine profiles and effector functions (1, 2). The Th1 subset, which secretes IL-2, IFN-g, and TNF-b, promotes mainly cellular-mediated responses that provide protection from int ...
The Future of Smallpox Vaccination - Medical Immunology
The Future of Smallpox Vaccination - Medical Immunology

... reported no long term sequelae and 100% of patients demonstrated objective normalization of echocardiography, electrocardiography, laboratory testing, graded exercise testing, and functional status [15]. To overcome some of the problems associated with the current calf lymph smallpox vaccine (Dryvax ...
Choosing the Right Centrifuge for Your - Laboratory
Choosing the Right Centrifuge for Your - Laboratory

... g-forces of up to 802,000 × g and volumes up to 250 mL; and microultracentrifuges, which support g-forces of above 1,000,000 × g and microvolume samples up to 13.5 mL. Common ultracentrifuge applications include the separation of virus particles; DNA, protein, or RNA fractionation; as well as lipopr ...
Whey and Glutathione - Part III
Whey and Glutathione - Part III

... with cancer patients showed a regression in some patient's tumors when fed whey protein concentrate at 30 grams per day. Whey and Glutathione New research using whey protein concentrate led researchers to a discovery regarding the relationship between cancerous cells, glutathione (GSH) and whey prot ...
Assessment by Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Structural
Assessment by Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Structural

... Sp1 consists of three consecutive zinc fingers that recognize a number of nucleotide sequences different from, but related to and sometimes overlapping, those recognized by the structurally better characterized early growth response protein 1 (EGR1, also known as Zif268, Krox-24, and NGFI-A). The ac ...
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... Patients who are always hypocomplementemic regardless of clinical disease activity may have an underlying complement deficiency! ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection with Regulatory Mechanisms
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection with Regulatory Mechanisms

... cellular level. Several of the immune theories focus on the central role of Th1/Th2 cross-regulation. In particular, it has been hypothesized that there is a switch from a Th1- to a Th2-dominant cellmediated immune response leading to active disease as is seen in other infections such as Leishmania, ...
CAIcal: A combined set of tools to assess codon usage adaptation
CAIcal: A combined set of tools to assess codon usage adaptation

... The server first provides a number of basic calculations that are also available elsewhere: (i) The absolute and synonymous codon usage of a group of DNA sequences and other useful parameters such as length, total G+C content and G+C content at the three codon positions, and the effective number of ...
Homologous recombination in budding yeast expressing the human
Homologous recombination in budding yeast expressing the human

... expression was controlled by the ADH1 promoter and terminator sequences. Western blots of whole cell extracts from strains containing the adh1::HsRAD52-FLAG allele displayed a 49 kDa peptide consistent with that expected for HsRAD52-FLAG while extracts from strains containing the RAD52-FLAG allele y ...
Major histocompatability complex (MHC) and T cell receptors
Major histocompatability complex (MHC) and T cell receptors

... • Groove binds peptides 13-25 AA long (some outside groove) ...
The specificity of regulatory protein binding to DNA is due to a
The specificity of regulatory protein binding to DNA is due to a

... DNA structure^" . Therefore, it seems plausible that the recognition is based on the direct correspondence between the sequence of AT- and GC-specific reaction centres on the protein surface and base pair sequence in the corresponding control site on DNA. The most advantageous conditions for protein ...
Ronald van Ree
Ronald van Ree

... • What is the role of Bregs in allergy/asthma? • How could we target persistent plasma B-cells for IgE? ...
Direct Delivery of Antigens to Dendritic Cells via Antibodies Specific
Direct Delivery of Antigens to Dendritic Cells via Antibodies Specific

... Germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) enable DCs to detect danger signals such as conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or other shared structures of various pathogens like fungi, bacteria, helminthes, and viruses (reviewed in [10,14–22]). Triggering of PRRs, which ...
Lab (3) Report: Population Genetics
Lab (3) Report: Population Genetics

... Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium including a large population (usually greater than 40), random mating (not satisfied), no mutation, no natural selection, and no emigration/immigration. Although, I am unfortunately not a taster, it would be advantageous to be a taster as many poisonous foods are bitter. ...
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute,
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute,

... necessarily unique to viruses. In fact, nucleic acids are also present in human cells, but since TLR are localized in endolysosomes there should not be any nucleic acids from the host present and reactions against self-derived nucleic acids can therefore be avoided. Signalling TLRs are membrane-span ...
Fundamentals of natural computing: an overview
Fundamentals of natural computing: an overview

... of entities tractable. Also, it can be advantageous to highlight the minimal features necessary to enable some particular aspects of a system to be reproduced and to observe some emergent properties. Which level is most appropriate for the investigation and abstraction depends on the scientific ques ...
Autophagy in herpesvirus immune control and immune escape Open Access
Autophagy in herpesvirus immune control and immune escape Open Access

... addition to just innately degrading pathogens. Along these lines, macroautophagy has now been shown to influence the adaptive immune response towards herpesviruses. By delivering portions of cytoplasm to lysosomes, macroautophagy provides a route for endogenous proteins to intersect vesicles that fo ...
The Body`s Defenses
The Body`s Defenses

... • The particular structure of a lymphocyte’s receptors is determined by genetic events that occur during its early development. • As an unspecialized cell differentiates into a B or T lymphocyte, segments of antibody genes or receptor genes are linked together by a type of genetic recombination, ge ...
Signaling pathways
Signaling pathways

... factor AP1, is activated by growth factors (GF), which bind to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). This pathway relies on activation of RAS and MAPK cascades.  The second pathway is activated by the TNF-family receptor activator of NF-B ligand (RANKL), which binds to the receptor activator of NF-B ( ...
The Glutasyn Story
The Glutasyn Story

... How Does GlutaSyn® Compare to Other Antioxidants on the Market? They all have their advantages and disadvantages. You should never stop using established supplements like vitamins C and E. These substances act synergistically. GSH is considered the cell’s master antioxidant because it replenishes th ...
Exploiting Immune Response Dynamics in HIV Therapy
Exploiting Immune Response Dynamics in HIV Therapy

... Abstract ...
187-192. Control of transcription by Pontin and Reptin
187-192. Control of transcription by Pontin and Reptin

... Another complex containing both Pontin and Reptin was purified from vertebrate cells and called Uri1 complex (41). Besides Pontin and Reptin, this complex contains components of the E3ubiquitin ligase SCFSkp2, Rbp5 (a protein previously shown to associate with RNA Polymerases I, II, and III), and se ...
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DNA vaccination



DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response. Several DNA vaccines have been released for veterinary use, and there has been promising research using the vaccines for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases, as well as to several tumour types. Although only one DNA vaccine has been approved for human use, DNA vaccines may have a number of potential advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.
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