DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
... Like DNA, RNA is a nucleic acid made of nucleotides However as shown below RNA differs from DNA in four basic ways a. RNA contains the sugar ribose, not deoxyribose found in DNA. b. RNA contains the nitrogenous base URACIL instead of Thymine found in DNA. c. RNA is usually single stranded rather ...
... Like DNA, RNA is a nucleic acid made of nucleotides However as shown below RNA differs from DNA in four basic ways a. RNA contains the sugar ribose, not deoxyribose found in DNA. b. RNA contains the nitrogenous base URACIL instead of Thymine found in DNA. c. RNA is usually single stranded rather ...
THINK ABOUT IT
... One of the most interesting discoveries of molecular biology is the nearuniversal nature of the genetic code. Although some organisms show slight variations in the amino acids assigned to particular codons, the code is always read three bases at a time and in the same direction. Despite their enormo ...
... One of the most interesting discoveries of molecular biology is the nearuniversal nature of the genetic code. Although some organisms show slight variations in the amino acids assigned to particular codons, the code is always read three bases at a time and in the same direction. Despite their enormo ...
slides
... Primers are short, artificial DNA strands — often not more than 50 and usually only 18 to 25 base pairs long — that are complementary to the beginning or the end of the DNA fragment to be amplified. ...
... Primers are short, artificial DNA strands — often not more than 50 and usually only 18 to 25 base pairs long — that are complementary to the beginning or the end of the DNA fragment to be amplified. ...
PDF
... Wu, 1995; Varga-Weisz et al., 1997). These evolutionary conserved regulators of dynamic chromatin transitions alter histone-DNA contacts in an ATP-dependent manner in order to incorporate core and linker histones into chromatin or to move nucleosomes on DNA. The nucleosome sliding factors CHRAC and ...
... Wu, 1995; Varga-Weisz et al., 1997). These evolutionary conserved regulators of dynamic chromatin transitions alter histone-DNA contacts in an ATP-dependent manner in order to incorporate core and linker histones into chromatin or to move nucleosomes on DNA. The nucleosome sliding factors CHRAC and ...
Protein synthesis: methionly-tRNAi recognizes the AUG start codon
... excised → gap → filled by DNA polymerase → ligase → repair ok In normal, most common point mutation is C to T. using base excision repair system can repair it. Other mutation such as C to U or 5-methyl C to T also using the same system. ...
... excised → gap → filled by DNA polymerase → ligase → repair ok In normal, most common point mutation is C to T. using base excision repair system can repair it. Other mutation such as C to U or 5-methyl C to T also using the same system. ...
Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications
... using only the purified enzymes; so the ability to discriminate between different histone lysines and between different methylated states is an intrinsic property of the enzyme. It turns out from X-ray crystallographic studies that there is a key residue within the enzyme’s catalytic domain that det ...
... using only the purified enzymes; so the ability to discriminate between different histone lysines and between different methylated states is an intrinsic property of the enzyme. It turns out from X-ray crystallographic studies that there is a key residue within the enzyme’s catalytic domain that det ...
letters Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of MafG
... DNA-binding motifs, is found in many eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. The second helix of the motif usually binds to the major groove of DNA and, therefore, is mainly involved in recognition and interaction with specific DNA sequences10. MafG(1–76) contains a similar H ...
... DNA-binding motifs, is found in many eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. The second helix of the motif usually binds to the major groove of DNA and, therefore, is mainly involved in recognition and interaction with specific DNA sequences10. MafG(1–76) contains a similar H ...
Ch_20
... Chapter 20: DNA Technology and Genomics 1. How is a gene cut out of a chromosome? 2. How is recombinant DNA cloned? 3. How are genomes of interest kept in a research lab? 4. How can we find a “gene of interest” in a genomic library? 5. What is cDNA & how is it made? 6. What is PCR & how is it used? ...
... Chapter 20: DNA Technology and Genomics 1. How is a gene cut out of a chromosome? 2. How is recombinant DNA cloned? 3. How are genomes of interest kept in a research lab? 4. How can we find a “gene of interest” in a genomic library? 5. What is cDNA & how is it made? 6. What is PCR & how is it used? ...
DNA Keychains: Spell Your Initials Using the Genetic Code!!!!! This
... 2. If your last bead was a sugar, then you will need to add a phosphate bead. Add a phosphate bead to each strand. Make sure to thread BOTH wires through these beads. 3. If your l ...
... 2. If your last bead was a sugar, then you will need to add a phosphate bead. Add a phosphate bead to each strand. Make sure to thread BOTH wires through these beads. 3. If your l ...
DNA Profiling
... a protein • Average around 3,000 base pairs, but can be composed of many thousands of base pairs • Humans have 30,000 genes in their 46 chromosomes – Human Genome Project: mapping the human genome, where genes are located, what proteins they code for ...
... a protein • Average around 3,000 base pairs, but can be composed of many thousands of base pairs • Humans have 30,000 genes in their 46 chromosomes – Human Genome Project: mapping the human genome, where genes are located, what proteins they code for ...
C2005/F2401 `07 -- Lecture 16 -- Last Edited
... DNA (copy) is passed across a bridge that forms temporarily between the pair of mating cells. Note that transfer is always from F+ or Hfr to F-, never the other way around or from F+ to F+, F- to F- etc. For pictures see Becker fig. 20-20 (18-20) or Sadava 13.11 (13.8). 6 How do plasmids pick up gen ...
... DNA (copy) is passed across a bridge that forms temporarily between the pair of mating cells. Note that transfer is always from F+ or Hfr to F-, never the other way around or from F+ to F+, F- to F- etc. For pictures see Becker fig. 20-20 (18-20) or Sadava 13.11 (13.8). 6 How do plasmids pick up gen ...
... DNA sequence obtained directly from PCR amplified genomic DNA from strain 2342 showed a single T to C transition at position 1411, resulting in a tryptophan to arginine change in amino acid residue 471. This tryptophan residue is conserved among most fungi (Figure 1) and even higher eukaryotes. The ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
... We often want to do something with cloned inserts in expression vectors, viz. make RNA or even protein from it RNA: stick an efficient promoter next to the cloning site; vector DNA transcribed in vitro using SP6 RNA polymerase This can be used as a way of making radiolabeled RNA ...
... We often want to do something with cloned inserts in expression vectors, viz. make RNA or even protein from it RNA: stick an efficient promoter next to the cloning site; vector DNA transcribed in vitro using SP6 RNA polymerase This can be used as a way of making radiolabeled RNA ...
HB-ATAR-Unit-2
... and translation of the genetic code to produce functioning proteins (location within cell) ...
... and translation of the genetic code to produce functioning proteins (location within cell) ...
transcription lecture.key
... potential target sites and then recruit other factors which in turn could stabilise binding to chromatin. - the most consistent chromatin feature predicting engagement with pioneer TFs is high intrinsic nucleosome occupancy. Contrary to the dogma that nucleosomes are inherently repressive to gene ac ...
... potential target sites and then recruit other factors which in turn could stabilise binding to chromatin. - the most consistent chromatin feature predicting engagement with pioneer TFs is high intrinsic nucleosome occupancy. Contrary to the dogma that nucleosomes are inherently repressive to gene ac ...
DNA CLONING
... cloning vector will allow one to obtain strand-specific transcripts from an inserted piece of DNA. The SP6 RNA polymerase will specifically transcribe on strand of DNA from its promoter. The oppositely oriented T7 promoter allows the T7 RNA polymerase to transcribe the complementary strand. ...
... cloning vector will allow one to obtain strand-specific transcripts from an inserted piece of DNA. The SP6 RNA polymerase will specifically transcribe on strand of DNA from its promoter. The oppositely oriented T7 promoter allows the T7 RNA polymerase to transcribe the complementary strand. ...
2) Chromatin = uncoiled DNA
... nucleus find their complement on the DNA stand and _______________together. This is possible due to the base-pairing rules. 4. Once the DNA segment has been copied by the mRNA bases, the mRNA strand separates from the DNA 5. The mRNA (messenger RNA) leaves _________________through a nuclear pore & e ...
... nucleus find their complement on the DNA stand and _______________together. This is possible due to the base-pairing rules. 4. Once the DNA segment has been copied by the mRNA bases, the mRNA strand separates from the DNA 5. The mRNA (messenger RNA) leaves _________________through a nuclear pore & e ...
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
... These clusters, or CpG islands, are targets for proteins that bind to unmethylated CpGs and initiate gene transcription. In contrast, methylated CpGs are generally associated with silent DNA, can block methylation-sensitive proteins and can be easily mutated. The loss of normal DNA methylation patte ...
... These clusters, or CpG islands, are targets for proteins that bind to unmethylated CpGs and initiate gene transcription. In contrast, methylated CpGs are generally associated with silent DNA, can block methylation-sensitive proteins and can be easily mutated. The loss of normal DNA methylation patte ...
Chapter 8: From DNA to Proteins
... A primer is a short segment of DNA that acts as the starting point for a new strand. PCR has three major steps: 1. Separating: the container with al of the reactants is heated to separate the DNA into single ...
... A primer is a short segment of DNA that acts as the starting point for a new strand. PCR has three major steps: 1. Separating: the container with al of the reactants is heated to separate the DNA into single ...
Nucleosome
A nucleosome is a basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores. This structure is often compared to thread wrapped around a spool.Nucleosomes form the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin, which is used to pack the large eukaryotic genomes into the nucleus while still ensuring appropriate access to it (in mammalian cells approximately 2 m of linear DNA have to be packed into a nucleus of roughly 10 µm diameter). Nucleosomes are folded through a series of successively higher order structures to eventually form a chromosome; this both compacts DNA and creates an added layer of regulatory control, which ensures correct gene expression. Nucleosomes are thought to carry epigenetically inherited information in the form of covalent modifications of their core histones.Nucleosomes were observed as particles in the electron microscope by Don and Ada Olins and their existence and structure (as histone octamers surrounded by approximately 200 base pairs of DNA) were proposed by Roger Kornberg. The role of the nucleosome as a general gene repressor was demonstrated by Lorch et al. in vitro and by Han and Grunstein in vivo.The nucleosome core particle consists of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.67 left-handed superhelical turns around a histone octamer consisting of 2 copies each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Core particles are connected by stretches of ""linker DNA"", which can be up to about 80 bp long. Technically, a nucleosome is defined as the core particle plus one of these linker regions; however the word is often synonymous with the core particle. Genome-wide nucleosome positioning maps are now available for many model organisms including mouse liver and brain.Linker histones such as H1 and its isoforms are involved in chromatin compaction and sit at the base of the nucleosome near the DNA entry and exit binding to the linker region of the DNA. Non-condensed nucleosomes without the linker histone resemble ""beads on a string of DNA"" under an electron microscope.In contrast to most eukaryotic cells, mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio. Histone equivalents and a simplified chromatin structure have also been found in Archea, suggesting that eukaryotes are not the only organisms that use nucleosomes.