development, the Linker histone H1 is essential for Drosophila
... a genetically tractable organism where H1 may prove to play an essential role. As mentioned, deletion of the yeast HHO1 gene does not lead to obvious phenotypic effects. Although linker histones are essential for embryonic development in mice, the existence of multiple, nonallelic mouse H1 variant g ...
... a genetically tractable organism where H1 may prove to play an essential role. As mentioned, deletion of the yeast HHO1 gene does not lead to obvious phenotypic effects. Although linker histones are essential for embryonic development in mice, the existence of multiple, nonallelic mouse H1 variant g ...
Intranuclear localization of geminivirus DNA
... failed to cross react with some large viral DNA inclusions, suggesting that encapsidation may occur after significant viral DNA accumulation. Infection by a TGMV mutant with a defective coat protein open reading frame resulted in fewer and smaller viral DNA-containing compartments. Nevertheless, nuc ...
... failed to cross react with some large viral DNA inclusions, suggesting that encapsidation may occur after significant viral DNA accumulation. Infection by a TGMV mutant with a defective coat protein open reading frame resulted in fewer and smaller viral DNA-containing compartments. Nevertheless, nuc ...
Mechanism, and Role in Recombination Type-1
... reunion of DNA strands. The energy of the broken phosphodiester bond is conserved in a covalent linkage of the enzyme to DNA, allowing the break to be resealed in the absence of an external energy source. Topoisomerases carefully control the breakage and reunion process, never leaving the DNA while ...
... reunion of DNA strands. The energy of the broken phosphodiester bond is conserved in a covalent linkage of the enzyme to DNA, allowing the break to be resealed in the absence of an external energy source. Topoisomerases carefully control the breakage and reunion process, never leaving the DNA while ...
Genetic Mapping with CAPS Markers
... However, markers for genetic mapping don’t necessarily have to be mutations that cause phenotypic changes. They can also be variations in DNA sequences that are detectable by molecular methods. In Arabidopsis thaliana, molecular markers exploit the natural differences between distinct ecotypes (sub- ...
... However, markers for genetic mapping don’t necessarily have to be mutations that cause phenotypic changes. They can also be variations in DNA sequences that are detectable by molecular methods. In Arabidopsis thaliana, molecular markers exploit the natural differences between distinct ecotypes (sub- ...
Control of Cell Division: Models from
... chromosome is reached, a new round of replication commences after some special events of initiation. Evidence for sequential gene replication is of three main sorts. First, the quantity of a given gene can be measured in 0. subtilis by transformation with free DNA, the number of transformants being ...
... chromosome is reached, a new round of replication commences after some special events of initiation. Evidence for sequential gene replication is of three main sorts. First, the quantity of a given gene can be measured in 0. subtilis by transformation with free DNA, the number of transformants being ...
The connection between transcription and genomic instability
... different elements and biological processes (Aguilera et al., 2000). Transcription is one such process. It strongly induces recombination. We will refer to this phenomenon as transcription-associated recombination (TAR). A ®rst example of TAR was reported in l phage (Ikeda and Matsumoto, 1979). Othe ...
... different elements and biological processes (Aguilera et al., 2000). Transcription is one such process. It strongly induces recombination. We will refer to this phenomenon as transcription-associated recombination (TAR). A ®rst example of TAR was reported in l phage (Ikeda and Matsumoto, 1979). Othe ...
Drug-specific Sites of Topoisomerase II DNA
... unrelated inhibitors, mAMSA and VM-26, suggesting that the in vivo site selectivity is determined, at least in part, by the inhibitor. Thus, to establish whether the drug sequence specificity is a deter minant of drug-enhanced DNA cleavage in the chromatin of living cells, we have examined at a sequ ...
... unrelated inhibitors, mAMSA and VM-26, suggesting that the in vivo site selectivity is determined, at least in part, by the inhibitor. Thus, to establish whether the drug sequence specificity is a deter minant of drug-enhanced DNA cleavage in the chromatin of living cells, we have examined at a sequ ...
Conclusion Introduction Background The PTC Sensitivity Gene
... Individuals vary greatly in their sensitivity to the bitter compound Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). This is one of the best known genetic traits in the human population and historically has been the most popular teaching subject in inheritance. However, the classic PTC paper test falls short of differen ...
... Individuals vary greatly in their sensitivity to the bitter compound Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). This is one of the best known genetic traits in the human population and historically has been the most popular teaching subject in inheritance. However, the classic PTC paper test falls short of differen ...
Ch. 10 Presentation
... Viruses are not generally considered alive because they – are not cellular and ...
... Viruses are not generally considered alive because they – are not cellular and ...
Effect of Adriamycin on DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis in Cell
... thesis to a greater extent than that of RNA synthesis be erases and thus reduce the amount of inhibition produced cause different results have been reported by various inves by adniamycin. This appears to be the case since we found tigators. For example, the in vitro studies of Wang et a!. (18) that ...
... thesis to a greater extent than that of RNA synthesis be erases and thus reduce the amount of inhibition produced cause different results have been reported by various inves by adniamycin. This appears to be the case since we found tigators. For example, the in vitro studies of Wang et a!. (18) that ...
DNA Structure Changes Coupled to Protein Binding
... structurally monotonous and deceivingly simple compared with the structural plasticity of proteins, and was long regarded a passive partner in protein–DNA interactions. The recently solved structures of many protein–DNA complexes underscore the more active role of DNA, which is subject to various co ...
... structurally monotonous and deceivingly simple compared with the structural plasticity of proteins, and was long regarded a passive partner in protein–DNA interactions. The recently solved structures of many protein–DNA complexes underscore the more active role of DNA, which is subject to various co ...
as a PDF
... in their DNA breaking potencies (Fig. 2). DOXM appeared to be the most potent DNA breaking agent. The DNA break frequency produced by this compound reached a maximum level in the range of 5–40 µM. At higher DOXM concentrations, the DNA break frequency decreased. The parent anthracycline DOX was also ...
... in their DNA breaking potencies (Fig. 2). DOXM appeared to be the most potent DNA breaking agent. The DNA break frequency produced by this compound reached a maximum level in the range of 5–40 µM. At higher DOXM concentrations, the DNA break frequency decreased. The parent anthracycline DOX was also ...
Recombinant DNA Technology
... A plasmid is a circle of DNA that comes from bacterial cells. Many of them contain genes for antibiotic resistance. Chromosomal DNA is linear DNA. (Human DNA contains both introns and exons whereas plasmid DNA does not contain introns.) Scientists use plasmids as cloning vectors to transfer a human ...
... A plasmid is a circle of DNA that comes from bacterial cells. Many of them contain genes for antibiotic resistance. Chromosomal DNA is linear DNA. (Human DNA contains both introns and exons whereas plasmid DNA does not contain introns.) Scientists use plasmids as cloning vectors to transfer a human ...
msc_botnay_pre_pap1_bl2
... The histone proteins, which are integral parts of nucleosome undergo a variety of modifications to bring about decondensation of chromatin, to allow access of DNA replication or transcription machinery to naked DNA. These modifications include ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation and phosphoryl ...
... The histone proteins, which are integral parts of nucleosome undergo a variety of modifications to bring about decondensation of chromatin, to allow access of DNA replication or transcription machinery to naked DNA. These modifications include ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation and phosphoryl ...
Perl Laboratory Study Guide – Section I
... In this section you will learn to write text to a file. First, copy ex5-4.pl to ex6-1.pl Add a line that takes an output filename from the command line. For example, the command line should be something like: perl ex6-1.pl infile.fasta outfile.txt At the end of the script, add a couple of lines that ...
... In this section you will learn to write text to a file. First, copy ex5-4.pl to ex6-1.pl Add a line that takes an output filename from the command line. For example, the command line should be something like: perl ex6-1.pl infile.fasta outfile.txt At the end of the script, add a couple of lines that ...
Biological information flow
... and GC boxes & other cisacting elements are recognized by proteins other than RNA polymerase. ...
... and GC boxes & other cisacting elements are recognized by proteins other than RNA polymerase. ...
STRAND1 - Bulletin - Sigma
... synthesized oligonucleotides is treatment with T4 polynucleotide kinase. Typically, 60-80% of a purified primer is phosphorylated under conditions described below. With unpurified primers, the extent of phosphorylation also depends on length due to the presence of truncated products that arise throu ...
... synthesized oligonucleotides is treatment with T4 polynucleotide kinase. Typically, 60-80% of a purified primer is phosphorylated under conditions described below. With unpurified primers, the extent of phosphorylation also depends on length due to the presence of truncated products that arise throu ...
Transcription Factor binding site analysis
... Sequences not conserved within species, and even worse between species Examples of enhancers functionally conserved but not sequence-conserved Most of the TFBS sequence data comes from just a few species Very often in vitro experiments 2 completely different binding sites could be merged in the same ...
... Sequences not conserved within species, and even worse between species Examples of enhancers functionally conserved but not sequence-conserved Most of the TFBS sequence data comes from just a few species Very often in vitro experiments 2 completely different binding sites could be merged in the same ...
Lecture I
... fertilisation event gives rise to the endosperm, an extraembryonic structure that nourishes the seed similar to the mammalian placenta. Unlike the embryo, the endosperm often contains two copies of the maternal genome and fusion with a male gamete results in a triploid genome. This uneven ratio of m ...
... fertilisation event gives rise to the endosperm, an extraembryonic structure that nourishes the seed similar to the mammalian placenta. Unlike the embryo, the endosperm often contains two copies of the maternal genome and fusion with a male gamete results in a triploid genome. This uneven ratio of m ...
LETTERS
... is observed (Fig. 1b). First, topotecan-mediated uncoiling occurs slowly (red points) compared with uncoiling in the absence of drug. Slow uncoiling is observed immediately following mechanical coiling; this proceeds in a fashion that seems to be continuous, and can be fitted by a linear relation (b ...
... is observed (Fig. 1b). First, topotecan-mediated uncoiling occurs slowly (red points) compared with uncoiling in the absence of drug. Slow uncoiling is observed immediately following mechanical coiling; this proceeds in a fashion that seems to be continuous, and can be fitted by a linear relation (b ...
Nucleotide excision repair II: from yeast to mammals
... the bacterium E. coli. In part II, I focus on the more complex pathway in eukaryotes, about which much less is known. I shall discuss the main features and biological impact of NER in mammals, and attempt to put these into an evolutionary and mechanistic perspective by comparing mammalian NER with t ...
... the bacterium E. coli. In part II, I focus on the more complex pathway in eukaryotes, about which much less is known. I shall discuss the main features and biological impact of NER in mammals, and attempt to put these into an evolutionary and mechanistic perspective by comparing mammalian NER with t ...
Nuclear Matrix Proteins and Nuclear Targeting
... 4. Matrin Cyp (cyclophilin) a ~88 kDa protein that contains the complete cyclophilin protein sequence at the N-T and SR repeats - characteristic of splicing factors – within the carboxyl half. The protein has peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase activity and co-localizes with splicing factor-rich nucl ...
... 4. Matrin Cyp (cyclophilin) a ~88 kDa protein that contains the complete cyclophilin protein sequence at the N-T and SR repeats - characteristic of splicing factors – within the carboxyl half. The protein has peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase activity and co-localizes with splicing factor-rich nucl ...
Nucleosome
A nucleosome is a basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores. This structure is often compared to thread wrapped around a spool.Nucleosomes form the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin, which is used to pack the large eukaryotic genomes into the nucleus while still ensuring appropriate access to it (in mammalian cells approximately 2 m of linear DNA have to be packed into a nucleus of roughly 10 µm diameter). Nucleosomes are folded through a series of successively higher order structures to eventually form a chromosome; this both compacts DNA and creates an added layer of regulatory control, which ensures correct gene expression. Nucleosomes are thought to carry epigenetically inherited information in the form of covalent modifications of their core histones.Nucleosomes were observed as particles in the electron microscope by Don and Ada Olins and their existence and structure (as histone octamers surrounded by approximately 200 base pairs of DNA) were proposed by Roger Kornberg. The role of the nucleosome as a general gene repressor was demonstrated by Lorch et al. in vitro and by Han and Grunstein in vivo.The nucleosome core particle consists of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.67 left-handed superhelical turns around a histone octamer consisting of 2 copies each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Core particles are connected by stretches of ""linker DNA"", which can be up to about 80 bp long. Technically, a nucleosome is defined as the core particle plus one of these linker regions; however the word is often synonymous with the core particle. Genome-wide nucleosome positioning maps are now available for many model organisms including mouse liver and brain.Linker histones such as H1 and its isoforms are involved in chromatin compaction and sit at the base of the nucleosome near the DNA entry and exit binding to the linker region of the DNA. Non-condensed nucleosomes without the linker histone resemble ""beads on a string of DNA"" under an electron microscope.In contrast to most eukaryotic cells, mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio. Histone equivalents and a simplified chromatin structure have also been found in Archea, suggesting that eukaryotes are not the only organisms that use nucleosomes.