Mitochondria tutorial
... DNA polymerase) is used because it can withstand the temperature fluctuations that are required for PCR reactions to proceed. The production of this enzyme is so widespread that it now represents a billion-dollar-a year industry! However, Taq DNA polymerase has a disadvantage for some applications o ...
... DNA polymerase) is used because it can withstand the temperature fluctuations that are required for PCR reactions to proceed. The production of this enzyme is so widespread that it now represents a billion-dollar-a year industry! However, Taq DNA polymerase has a disadvantage for some applications o ...
The distribution of DNA translocation times in solid
... perform the experiments. The 10 kHz low pass Bessel filter in the Axopatch 200B was selected for most of the measurements in this work. Two sets of data for DNA chain length studies were recorded for a 100 kHz filter as described in the caption to figure 4. The concentration of DNA molecules in the ...
... perform the experiments. The 10 kHz low pass Bessel filter in the Axopatch 200B was selected for most of the measurements in this work. Two sets of data for DNA chain length studies were recorded for a 100 kHz filter as described in the caption to figure 4. The concentration of DNA molecules in the ...
LECTURE 1 Human Chromosomes Human Karyotype
... ■ heredity: each pair of homologues consists of one paternal and one maternal chromosome. ■ The intact set is passed to each daughter cell at every mitosis. ■ only seen by E.M. (Electronic Microscope) ...
... ■ heredity: each pair of homologues consists of one paternal and one maternal chromosome. ■ The intact set is passed to each daughter cell at every mitosis. ■ only seen by E.M. (Electronic Microscope) ...
Exam II Review Document
... able to compare and contrast how bacteria and eukaryotes regulate gene expression at the six different levels of regulation. (Table 19.1) ...
... able to compare and contrast how bacteria and eukaryotes regulate gene expression at the six different levels of regulation. (Table 19.1) ...
Archaeal DNA Replication:A Robust Model for Eukaryotes
... archaeal Orc1/Cdc6s exist (Berquist and DasSarma 2003). Intriguingly, S. solfataricus Cdc6-1 and Cdc6-3 fall into one clade, while Cdc6-2 falls in another. Furthermore, all archaea with more than one Orc1/Cdc6 have at least one member in both of these groupings. Cdc6-1 is the most highly conserved o ...
... archaeal Orc1/Cdc6s exist (Berquist and DasSarma 2003). Intriguingly, S. solfataricus Cdc6-1 and Cdc6-3 fall into one clade, while Cdc6-2 falls in another. Furthermore, all archaea with more than one Orc1/Cdc6 have at least one member in both of these groupings. Cdc6-1 is the most highly conserved o ...
Chapter 9, 10, and 11
... b. Females only mate once and lay hundreds of eggs. c. The fruit fly generation time is short, allowing rapid experiments. 6. Fruit flies have an XY sex chromosome system similar to the human system; experiments can be correlated to the human situation. a. Newly discovered mutant male fruit flies ha ...
... b. Females only mate once and lay hundreds of eggs. c. The fruit fly generation time is short, allowing rapid experiments. 6. Fruit flies have an XY sex chromosome system similar to the human system; experiments can be correlated to the human situation. a. Newly discovered mutant male fruit flies ha ...
MICRO-MANIPULATION OF CHICKEN CHROM OSOMES AND
... 2X Sodium saline citrate (2X SSC) at 70°C. Slides were immediately dehydrated in 70%, 90%, 100% ice cold ethanol for five minutes each. The pool of amplified chromosomal inserts (chromosome cocktail) was labeled by nick translation using biotin-16-dUTP which substitutes dTTP in the standard nick tra ...
... 2X Sodium saline citrate (2X SSC) at 70°C. Slides were immediately dehydrated in 70%, 90%, 100% ice cold ethanol for five minutes each. The pool of amplified chromosomal inserts (chromosome cocktail) was labeled by nick translation using biotin-16-dUTP which substitutes dTTP in the standard nick tra ...
Biology QUIZ: 13-2 and 13-3 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that
... c. a DNA sequence that serves as a bacterial origin of replication d. a nucleotide labeled with a fluorescent dye ____ 18. The transformation of a plant cell is successful if a. the plasmid that entered the cell reproduces inside the cell. b. the foreign DNA is integrated into one of the cell’s chro ...
... c. a DNA sequence that serves as a bacterial origin of replication d. a nucleotide labeled with a fluorescent dye ____ 18. The transformation of a plant cell is successful if a. the plasmid that entered the cell reproduces inside the cell. b. the foreign DNA is integrated into one of the cell’s chro ...
Phaeospirillum oryzae sp. nov., a spheroplast
... Gram-negative, motile purple non-sulfur bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soils of paddy and were characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids, rhodopin, lycopene and rhodopin glucoside, were present as photosynthetic pigments. Intracellular photosynt ...
... Gram-negative, motile purple non-sulfur bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soils of paddy and were characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids, rhodopin, lycopene and rhodopin glucoside, were present as photosynthetic pigments. Intracellular photosynt ...
Screening of SSR marker for sugar and sugar related traits
... officinarum, S. barberi, S. sinensi, S. spontaneum, S. robustum and S. edule. The commercial sugarcane is no longer pure Saccharum officinarum but a species hybrid, complex polyploidy with a large number of chromosomes. Sugarcane cultivars are characterized by a high polyploidy level with more than ...
... officinarum, S. barberi, S. sinensi, S. spontaneum, S. robustum and S. edule. The commercial sugarcane is no longer pure Saccharum officinarum but a species hybrid, complex polyploidy with a large number of chromosomes. Sugarcane cultivars are characterized by a high polyploidy level with more than ...
PDF of article
... consistent with previous reports that PvuRts1I belongs to the PD-(D/E)XK superfamily of endonucleases (Bujnicki & Rychlewski, 2001). However, part of the putative active site (amino-acid residues 71–76) was not visible in the electrondensity map and could not be modelled, and may be highly flexible ...
... consistent with previous reports that PvuRts1I belongs to the PD-(D/E)XK superfamily of endonucleases (Bujnicki & Rychlewski, 2001). However, part of the putative active site (amino-acid residues 71–76) was not visible in the electrondensity map and could not be modelled, and may be highly flexible ...
Processivity of DNA polymerases: two mechanisms, one goal
... polymerase of the E. coli bacteriophage T3 contains a thioredoxin-binding domain and thus may use thioredoxin as a processivity factor in a similar manner to T7. Similarly, the DNA polymerase of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage Spo1 also contains an insertion of 45 amino acids between α helices H ...
... polymerase of the E. coli bacteriophage T3 contains a thioredoxin-binding domain and thus may use thioredoxin as a processivity factor in a similar manner to T7. Similarly, the DNA polymerase of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage Spo1 also contains an insertion of 45 amino acids between α helices H ...
sequence analysis of the 5` coi gene region from dama
... 88% with Muntiacus muntjak and Rangifer tarandus. The same species, plus Bos taurus as outgroup were used to infer the UPGMA dendrogram based on the TN83 genetic distance (Nei & Tajima, 1983). The resulting tree is presented in figure 2. In this tree, all Cervus sp. sequences clustered together with ...
... 88% with Muntiacus muntjak and Rangifer tarandus. The same species, plus Bos taurus as outgroup were used to infer the UPGMA dendrogram based on the TN83 genetic distance (Nei & Tajima, 1983). The resulting tree is presented in figure 2. In this tree, all Cervus sp. sequences clustered together with ...
plasmid vector
... conjugation. Little is known of its exact structure. (iv) Coupling proteins – The Mpf component is the first to make contact with a recipient cell. Coupling proteins (TraD), part of the Mpf system, provide the specificity for the transport process, so only some of plasmid can be transferred. (v) The ...
... conjugation. Little is known of its exact structure. (iv) Coupling proteins – The Mpf component is the first to make contact with a recipient cell. Coupling proteins (TraD), part of the Mpf system, provide the specificity for the transport process, so only some of plasmid can be transferred. (v) The ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
... Proteins can be substituted by using an antibody as a probe and a collection of protein fragments as the analytes; that’s called a Western blot ...
... Proteins can be substituted by using an antibody as a probe and a collection of protein fragments as the analytes; that’s called a Western blot ...
Positional dependence of transcriptional inhibition by DNA torsional
... became the predominant over-represented category (Supplementary Table I). Physical clustering of altered genes on accumulation of DNA helical stress To examine how transcriptome alterations between the above top2ts and TOP2 strains spread throughout the yeast chromosomes after the accumulation of DN ...
... became the predominant over-represented category (Supplementary Table I). Physical clustering of altered genes on accumulation of DNA helical stress To examine how transcriptome alterations between the above top2ts and TOP2 strains spread throughout the yeast chromosomes after the accumulation of DN ...
Study of the arginine repressor in different organisms
... hexamers at higher protein concentrations and in the presence of arginine or DNA. The N-terminal domain belongs to the winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) type of DNA binding domains. This fold includes a three-helix bundle flanked by wings formed by β strands and loops. Arginine repressors bind as hexam ...
... hexamers at higher protein concentrations and in the presence of arginine or DNA. The N-terminal domain belongs to the winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) type of DNA binding domains. This fold includes a three-helix bundle flanked by wings formed by β strands and loops. Arginine repressors bind as hexam ...
Vectors - Rajshahi University
... advantage of the phage vector is its high transformation efficiency, about 1000 times more efficient than the plasmid vector. ...
... advantage of the phage vector is its high transformation efficiency, about 1000 times more efficient than the plasmid vector. ...
Restriction Enzyme digestion of DNA
... • DNA from bacteria (both chromosomal DNA and extra chromosomal plasmid DNA) and viruses is often a closed circle. If you have a circular DNA, we know that’s Prokaryotic DNA. In Prokaryotic DNA, the number of fragments will equal the number of restriction sites. Eukaryotic (linear) DNA • If you have ...
... • DNA from bacteria (both chromosomal DNA and extra chromosomal plasmid DNA) and viruses is often a closed circle. If you have a circular DNA, we know that’s Prokaryotic DNA. In Prokaryotic DNA, the number of fragments will equal the number of restriction sites. Eukaryotic (linear) DNA • If you have ...
Recombinant DNA Lab
... Transformation refers to the process of creating recombinant DNA. The major tools of recombinant DNA technology are bacterial enzymes called restriction enzymes. Each enzyme recognizes a short, specific nucleotide sequence in DNA molecules, and cuts the backbones of the molecules at that sequence. T ...
... Transformation refers to the process of creating recombinant DNA. The major tools of recombinant DNA technology are bacterial enzymes called restriction enzymes. Each enzyme recognizes a short, specific nucleotide sequence in DNA molecules, and cuts the backbones of the molecules at that sequence. T ...
PCR amplification of the bacterial genes coding for nucleic acid
... contents before starting with the PCR mixes One forward (fw) and one reverse (rv) primer stock solution (5μM each) the primer pairs in use anneal with highly conserved regions of the Citrobacter freundii (Cf) 16S-rRNA gene the primer pairs in use will lead to a PCR amplification product of eithe ...
... contents before starting with the PCR mixes One forward (fw) and one reverse (rv) primer stock solution (5μM each) the primer pairs in use anneal with highly conserved regions of the Citrobacter freundii (Cf) 16S-rRNA gene the primer pairs in use will lead to a PCR amplification product of eithe ...
DNA Denaturing through UV-C Photon Dissipation: A
... contingent on increases in the entropy production of the biosphere through increases in the dissipation of the photons in the prevailing solar spectrum at Earth's surface (Michaelian, 2012b; 2014d). In particular, it was suggested (Michaelian 2009, 2011) that RNA and DNA evolved to optimize the abso ...
... contingent on increases in the entropy production of the biosphere through increases in the dissipation of the photons in the prevailing solar spectrum at Earth's surface (Michaelian, 2012b; 2014d). In particular, it was suggested (Michaelian 2009, 2011) that RNA and DNA evolved to optimize the abso ...
Nucleosome
A nucleosome is a basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores. This structure is often compared to thread wrapped around a spool.Nucleosomes form the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin, which is used to pack the large eukaryotic genomes into the nucleus while still ensuring appropriate access to it (in mammalian cells approximately 2 m of linear DNA have to be packed into a nucleus of roughly 10 µm diameter). Nucleosomes are folded through a series of successively higher order structures to eventually form a chromosome; this both compacts DNA and creates an added layer of regulatory control, which ensures correct gene expression. Nucleosomes are thought to carry epigenetically inherited information in the form of covalent modifications of their core histones.Nucleosomes were observed as particles in the electron microscope by Don and Ada Olins and their existence and structure (as histone octamers surrounded by approximately 200 base pairs of DNA) were proposed by Roger Kornberg. The role of the nucleosome as a general gene repressor was demonstrated by Lorch et al. in vitro and by Han and Grunstein in vivo.The nucleosome core particle consists of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.67 left-handed superhelical turns around a histone octamer consisting of 2 copies each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Core particles are connected by stretches of ""linker DNA"", which can be up to about 80 bp long. Technically, a nucleosome is defined as the core particle plus one of these linker regions; however the word is often synonymous with the core particle. Genome-wide nucleosome positioning maps are now available for many model organisms including mouse liver and brain.Linker histones such as H1 and its isoforms are involved in chromatin compaction and sit at the base of the nucleosome near the DNA entry and exit binding to the linker region of the DNA. Non-condensed nucleosomes without the linker histone resemble ""beads on a string of DNA"" under an electron microscope.In contrast to most eukaryotic cells, mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio. Histone equivalents and a simplified chromatin structure have also been found in Archea, suggesting that eukaryotes are not the only organisms that use nucleosomes.