Functional analysis of plastid DNA replication origins in tobacco by
... tobacco plastome mutants showing deletions or disruptions of these sequences were generated by plastid transformation. Targeted modification of the plastome can be achieved by using transformation vectors containing plastid DNA sequences, which allow homologous recombination with the plastome (Svab ...
... tobacco plastome mutants showing deletions or disruptions of these sequences were generated by plastid transformation. Targeted modification of the plastome can be achieved by using transformation vectors containing plastid DNA sequences, which allow homologous recombination with the plastome (Svab ...
DNA breathing dynamics distinguish binding from nonbinding
... identifies two probable YY1 consensus binding sites that are centered at positions 243 and 18 upstream of the transcriptional start site (TSS). We assembled gel shift reactions with recombinant YY1 protein and the 33P-labeled 18 bp long 243YY1 and 18YY1 PLG oligonucleotides comprising the YY1 consens ...
... identifies two probable YY1 consensus binding sites that are centered at positions 243 and 18 upstream of the transcriptional start site (TSS). We assembled gel shift reactions with recombinant YY1 protein and the 33P-labeled 18 bp long 243YY1 and 18YY1 PLG oligonucleotides comprising the YY1 consens ...
Plasmids
... Plasmids are composed of functional elements Plasmid replication depends on host cell polymerases ...
... Plasmids are composed of functional elements Plasmid replication depends on host cell polymerases ...
Complete Laboratory PDF
... the principle that the closer two genes or markers are located to one another on a chromosome, the greater the chance that they will be inherited together as a unit (linked). Conversely, locations farther apart on the chromosome are more likely to be separated by chromosome recombination during meio ...
... the principle that the closer two genes or markers are located to one another on a chromosome, the greater the chance that they will be inherited together as a unit (linked). Conversely, locations farther apart on the chromosome are more likely to be separated by chromosome recombination during meio ...
M3 Multiplex Master Mix – PCR (2x)
... centrifuge Multiplex PCR Master Mix (2x) and primers to avoid localized differences in salt concentration. 2. Room Temperature: Set up PCR reactions at room temperature. Use of Multiplex PCR Master Mix (2x) allows room temperature reaction setup. Cycler preheating to 95°C is not required. 3. MgCl2: ...
... centrifuge Multiplex PCR Master Mix (2x) and primers to avoid localized differences in salt concentration. 2. Room Temperature: Set up PCR reactions at room temperature. Use of Multiplex PCR Master Mix (2x) allows room temperature reaction setup. Cycler preheating to 95°C is not required. 3. MgCl2: ...
The past, present and future of plant breeding
... useful traits that had appeared spontaneously were bred into certain crops by human selection, often by going against natural selection. Mendel’s discovery of the laws of inheritance towards the end of the 19th century accelerated plant modification. With the discovery of the structure of DNA by Wat ...
... useful traits that had appeared spontaneously were bred into certain crops by human selection, often by going against natural selection. Mendel’s discovery of the laws of inheritance towards the end of the 19th century accelerated plant modification. With the discovery of the structure of DNA by Wat ...
Review A model for chromosome structure during the mitotic
... into a matrix strand during telophase. DNA loops (green lines ^ mostly 30-nm diameter chromatin ¢bers) are attached to the core/matrix strand via MARS (green dots) with closely associated replication origins (included in green dots). Probable attachments to transcription complexes are not illustrate ...
... into a matrix strand during telophase. DNA loops (green lines ^ mostly 30-nm diameter chromatin ¢bers) are attached to the core/matrix strand via MARS (green dots) with closely associated replication origins (included in green dots). Probable attachments to transcription complexes are not illustrate ...
$doc.title
... The code in the class DNABenchMark can be used to benchmark the cutAndSplice method. The code given to you will pop-‐up a file-‐dialog box — when run you can use this to nav ...
... The code in the class DNABenchMark can be used to benchmark the cutAndSplice method. The code given to you will pop-‐up a file-‐dialog box — when run you can use this to nav ...
The specificity of regulatory protein binding to DNA is due to a
... DNA structure^" . Therefore, it seems plausible that the recognition is based on the direct correspondence between the sequence of AT- and GC-specific reaction centres on the protein surface and base pair sequence in the corresponding control site on DNA. The most advantageous conditions for protein ...
... DNA structure^" . Therefore, it seems plausible that the recognition is based on the direct correspondence between the sequence of AT- and GC-specific reaction centres on the protein surface and base pair sequence in the corresponding control site on DNA. The most advantageous conditions for protein ...
the pdf - p53 WEB SITE
... illustrating the epitope structures (ball and stick in black) involved in direct interaction with 7D3 and 9E4 monoclonal antibodies ...
... illustrating the epitope structures (ball and stick in black) involved in direct interaction with 7D3 and 9E4 monoclonal antibodies ...
S4O3 Pretest 2015-2016
... father’s brother has cystic fibrosis. Please describe the risks and benefits of performing amniocentesis and give them information that will help them make a decision as to whether or not they will do fetal testing. 65. Consider the function of homeobox genes, described on page 344. They were first ...
... father’s brother has cystic fibrosis. Please describe the risks and benefits of performing amniocentesis and give them information that will help them make a decision as to whether or not they will do fetal testing. 65. Consider the function of homeobox genes, described on page 344. They were first ...
"big IB objectives"-use the blank paper technique
... 3.4.1 – explain DNA replication in terms of unwinding the double helix and separation of the strands by helicase, followed by formation of the new complementary strands by DNA polymerase 3.4.2 – explain the significance of complementary base pairing in the conservation of the base sequence of DNA 3 ...
... 3.4.1 – explain DNA replication in terms of unwinding the double helix and separation of the strands by helicase, followed by formation of the new complementary strands by DNA polymerase 3.4.2 – explain the significance of complementary base pairing in the conservation of the base sequence of DNA 3 ...
Fulllength archaeal Rad51 structure and
... sym is the unweighted R value on I between symmetry mates. bR cryst = Shkl||Fobs(hkl)| ± |Fcalc(hkl)||/Shkl|Fobs(hkl)| cR free is the cross-validation R factor for 5% of re¯ections against ...
... sym is the unweighted R value on I between symmetry mates. bR cryst = Shkl||Fobs(hkl)| ± |Fcalc(hkl)||/Shkl|Fobs(hkl)| cR free is the cross-validation R factor for 5% of re¯ections against ...
Incorporation of reporter molecule
... modi®ed dNTP combinations identi®ed and con®rmed with these two model template assay systems were then tested further in the natural DNA template assay with a pUC19-derived template (see Materials and Methods). Evaluation of modi®ed dNTP substrates First, the substrate properties of each modi®ed dNT ...
... modi®ed dNTP combinations identi®ed and con®rmed with these two model template assay systems were then tested further in the natural DNA template assay with a pUC19-derived template (see Materials and Methods). Evaluation of modi®ed dNTP substrates First, the substrate properties of each modi®ed dNT ...
Histone genes of Volvox carteri: DNA sequence and organization of
... overall organization (Figure 1). The H3 and H4 genes are divergently arranged, their coding regions being seperated by common 5'UTBs of almost i d e n t i c a l lengths (263 bp in Copl, 269 bp in CoplI). Both H3 genes contain one intron in positions that differ by one bp and their 3'UTRs exhibit cha ...
... overall organization (Figure 1). The H3 and H4 genes are divergently arranged, their coding regions being seperated by common 5'UTBs of almost i d e n t i c a l lengths (263 bp in Copl, 269 bp in CoplI). Both H3 genes contain one intron in positions that differ by one bp and their 3'UTRs exhibit cha ...
Electrophoresis Systems for Nucleic Acids
... electrophoresis tank as standard. Overall gel is circulated with no irregularity as if it is wrapped, without affecting the electrophoresis pattern. It is used for controlling temperature. ● Gel can be fabricated and electrophoresis pattern can be created neatly with a foot or a level(standard acces ...
... electrophoresis tank as standard. Overall gel is circulated with no irregularity as if it is wrapped, without affecting the electrophoresis pattern. It is used for controlling temperature. ● Gel can be fabricated and electrophoresis pattern can be created neatly with a foot or a level(standard acces ...
Immobilization_Mecha..
... surface. This is typically accomplished with laborious surface chemical modification, including reactive silanization (for oxides) or thiol modification of so-called “noble metals” (gold, silver, etc.).4,7−10 In both cases, the surface and/or a terminal end of the probe DNA must be chemically modified ...
... surface. This is typically accomplished with laborious surface chemical modification, including reactive silanization (for oxides) or thiol modification of so-called “noble metals” (gold, silver, etc.).4,7−10 In both cases, the surface and/or a terminal end of the probe DNA must be chemically modified ...
2 SINGLE-MOLECULE DNA:PROTEIN INTERACTIONS - VU-dare
... tables [126,131]. The ultimate noise limit of optical tweezers is set by the Brownian motion of the trapped microsphere coupled to the DNA-protein complex. Indeed, several instruments have been shown to operate near this fundamental limit [1, 125, 126]. For a typical trap stiffness (0.1 pN·nm) the t ...
... tables [126,131]. The ultimate noise limit of optical tweezers is set by the Brownian motion of the trapped microsphere coupled to the DNA-protein complex. Indeed, several instruments have been shown to operate near this fundamental limit [1, 125, 126]. For a typical trap stiffness (0.1 pN·nm) the t ...
MIT Department of Biology 7.28, Spring 2005
... the Spo11 proteins that initiate double strand breaks during meiosis in eukaryotes do show some site specificity. This results in some hot and cold regions for homologous recombination. ) Property 2: The components that initially act to repair a double strand break are structure specific and sequenc ...
... the Spo11 proteins that initiate double strand breaks during meiosis in eukaryotes do show some site specificity. This results in some hot and cold regions for homologous recombination. ) Property 2: The components that initially act to repair a double strand break are structure specific and sequenc ...
Targeting of A. thaliana KNL2 to centromeres
... Thus, in most organisms, except Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Meluh et al., 1998), cenH3 ...
... Thus, in most organisms, except Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Meluh et al., 1998), cenH3 ...
Physiological characterization of natural transformation in
... monas stutzeri; for a review see Stewart & Carlson, 1986). As more and more details of natural transformation in a number of these bacteria have been elucidated, it is becoming clear that distinct differences exist in this process between these organisms. Wellknown examples are the sequence specific ...
... monas stutzeri; for a review see Stewart & Carlson, 1986). As more and more details of natural transformation in a number of these bacteria have been elucidated, it is becoming clear that distinct differences exist in this process between these organisms. Wellknown examples are the sequence specific ...
5 DNA Replication
... Figure 5.3: Meselson and Stahl demonstrated that DNA replication is semiconservative. Concepts: Replication is semiconservative: each DNA strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new DNA molecule. Meselson and Stahl convincingly demonstrated that replication in E. coli is semiconservative ...
... Figure 5.3: Meselson and Stahl demonstrated that DNA replication is semiconservative. Concepts: Replication is semiconservative: each DNA strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new DNA molecule. Meselson and Stahl convincingly demonstrated that replication in E. coli is semiconservative ...
Identifying 3D expression domains by graph clustering
... the real network against randomly generated networks. We do this to verify that the interactions which happen in a real cell are not happening based on random chance, but because of the way the chromosome is folded. Finally we are interested to see if the biological functions are shared amongst t ...
... the real network against randomly generated networks. We do this to verify that the interactions which happen in a real cell are not happening based on random chance, but because of the way the chromosome is folded. Finally we are interested to see if the biological functions are shared amongst t ...
Transgenerational epigenetics in the germline cycle
... The germline, once established and populated during embryogenesis, exits proliferative stages and the cells enter meiosis, a germline-specific process that is similar, but not identical, between the sexes [8]. The postmeiotic differentiation of C. elegans gametes, especially spermatogenesis, rivals ...
... The germline, once established and populated during embryogenesis, exits proliferative stages and the cells enter meiosis, a germline-specific process that is similar, but not identical, between the sexes [8]. The postmeiotic differentiation of C. elegans gametes, especially spermatogenesis, rivals ...
Evolutionary Origin and Adaptive Function of Meiosis
... transformation. The internalized aerobic bacterium is assumed to have provided the capacity for respiration, and to have eventually evolved into the mitochondrion. We will first focus on the nature of the internalized aerobe, and then on its anaerobic host. On the basis of genome sequence analysis, ...
... transformation. The internalized aerobic bacterium is assumed to have provided the capacity for respiration, and to have eventually evolved into the mitochondrion. We will first focus on the nature of the internalized aerobe, and then on its anaerobic host. On the basis of genome sequence analysis, ...
Nucleosome
A nucleosome is a basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores. This structure is often compared to thread wrapped around a spool.Nucleosomes form the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin, which is used to pack the large eukaryotic genomes into the nucleus while still ensuring appropriate access to it (in mammalian cells approximately 2 m of linear DNA have to be packed into a nucleus of roughly 10 µm diameter). Nucleosomes are folded through a series of successively higher order structures to eventually form a chromosome; this both compacts DNA and creates an added layer of regulatory control, which ensures correct gene expression. Nucleosomes are thought to carry epigenetically inherited information in the form of covalent modifications of their core histones.Nucleosomes were observed as particles in the electron microscope by Don and Ada Olins and their existence and structure (as histone octamers surrounded by approximately 200 base pairs of DNA) were proposed by Roger Kornberg. The role of the nucleosome as a general gene repressor was demonstrated by Lorch et al. in vitro and by Han and Grunstein in vivo.The nucleosome core particle consists of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.67 left-handed superhelical turns around a histone octamer consisting of 2 copies each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Core particles are connected by stretches of ""linker DNA"", which can be up to about 80 bp long. Technically, a nucleosome is defined as the core particle plus one of these linker regions; however the word is often synonymous with the core particle. Genome-wide nucleosome positioning maps are now available for many model organisms including mouse liver and brain.Linker histones such as H1 and its isoforms are involved in chromatin compaction and sit at the base of the nucleosome near the DNA entry and exit binding to the linker region of the DNA. Non-condensed nucleosomes without the linker histone resemble ""beads on a string of DNA"" under an electron microscope.In contrast to most eukaryotic cells, mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio. Histone equivalents and a simplified chromatin structure have also been found in Archea, suggesting that eukaryotes are not the only organisms that use nucleosomes.