Models of Extinction: A Review
... than a realistic theory. At the other end of the scale, an increasing number of biologists and ecologists are supporting the idea that extinction has biotic causes—that extinction is a natural part of the dynamics of ecosystems and would take place regardless of any stresses arising from the environ ...
... than a realistic theory. At the other end of the scale, an increasing number of biologists and ecologists are supporting the idea that extinction has biotic causes—that extinction is a natural part of the dynamics of ecosystems and would take place regardless of any stresses arising from the environ ...
Models of Extinction
... than a realistic theory. At the other end of the scale, an increasing number of biologists and ecologists are supporting the idea that extinction has biotic causes—that extinction is a natural part of the dynamics of ecosystems and would take place regardless of any stresses arising from the environ ...
... than a realistic theory. At the other end of the scale, an increasing number of biologists and ecologists are supporting the idea that extinction has biotic causes—that extinction is a natural part of the dynamics of ecosystems and would take place regardless of any stresses arising from the environ ...
Environmental Variation, Stochastic Extinction, and Competitive
... population persistence is essential for predicting the ecological impacts of expected future increases in climate variability. However, two bodies of theory make opposite predictions about the effect of environmental variation on persistence. Single-species theory, common in conservation biology and ...
... population persistence is essential for predicting the ecological impacts of expected future increases in climate variability. However, two bodies of theory make opposite predictions about the effect of environmental variation on persistence. Single-species theory, common in conservation biology and ...
Anthropogenic Landscapes, Human Action and the Process of Co
... that we are really now in a “kind of a hybrid earth, of a nature injected with human will, however responsibly or irresponsibly that will may have been exercised [2].” Erle Ellis tells us that “It is no longer possible to understand, predict, or successfully manage ecological pattern, process, or ch ...
... that we are really now in a “kind of a hybrid earth, of a nature injected with human will, however responsibly or irresponsibly that will may have been exercised [2].” Erle Ellis tells us that “It is no longer possible to understand, predict, or successfully manage ecological pattern, process, or ch ...
New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science
... is to reduce the population density (black star) to a new level (open star) that is below the natural Allee threshold (black circle). In the second strategy, a new, higher Allee threshold created at a new level (open circle) that exceeds the current population density. Both strategies result in popu ...
... is to reduce the population density (black star) to a new level (open star) that is below the natural Allee threshold (black circle). In the second strategy, a new, higher Allee threshold created at a new level (open circle) that exceeds the current population density. Both strategies result in popu ...
Historical Mammal Extinction on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean
... insular) Asia, spreading only much later to Europe and, in recent centuries, to effectively the rest of the world. Durham supported ...
... insular) Asia, spreading only much later to Europe and, in recent centuries, to effectively the rest of the world. Durham supported ...
An Introduction to Marine Biodiversity
... Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems GOCE-CT-2003- 505446 ...
... Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems GOCE-CT-2003- 505446 ...
Dynamics of ecological communities in variable environments
... ecosystems of our world. Some of the most severe threats are the destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats and the impact of climate change (Pereira et al. 2010). One of the major challenges for ecologists is to be able to forecast what the consequences will be for the stability and persiste ...
... ecosystems of our world. Some of the most severe threats are the destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats and the impact of climate change (Pereira et al. 2010). One of the major challenges for ecologists is to be able to forecast what the consequences will be for the stability and persiste ...
Cradle or museum?
... - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use new resources, or old resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums”, too… 3. Be released from com ...
... - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use new resources, or old resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums”, too… 3. Be released from com ...
DIVERSITY HYPOTHESIS
... - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use new resources, or old resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums”, too… 3. Be released from com ...
... - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use new resources, or old resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums”, too… 3. Be released from com ...
minimum group size and other conservation
... moschatus necessary for effective anti-predator defense; most known predation events have been on lone individuals (Tener, 1965). It has been suggested that passenger pigeons Ectopistes migratorius went extinct after individual flock sizes fell below critical social group size for effective foraging ...
... moschatus necessary for effective anti-predator defense; most known predation events have been on lone individuals (Tener, 1965). It has been suggested that passenger pigeons Ectopistes migratorius went extinct after individual flock sizes fell below critical social group size for effective foraging ...
Hibernation and daily torpor minimize mammalian extinctions
... (Humphries et al. 2002), may stand a better chance of surviving future energetic challenges than homeothermic species (Liow et al. 2009). Global warming is predicted to alter local weather patterns and increase the frequency and intensity of severe events, such as droughts, fires, storms, and floods ...
... (Humphries et al. 2002), may stand a better chance of surviving future energetic challenges than homeothermic species (Liow et al. 2009). Global warming is predicted to alter local weather patterns and increase the frequency and intensity of severe events, such as droughts, fires, storms, and floods ...
Chapter 11: Wolves Student notes Chapter 11 takes the wolf as the
... 1. Extinction crises are major losses of biodiversity as compared to the background extinction rate, or the historical average diversity loss rate. a. Past extinction crises were caused by non-human processes. ...
... 1. Extinction crises are major losses of biodiversity as compared to the background extinction rate, or the historical average diversity loss rate. a. Past extinction crises were caused by non-human processes. ...
Biodiversity Webquest
... 4. Scientist are not finding a diverse population of organism on the coral reefs in the Bahamas, why? ...
... 4. Scientist are not finding a diverse population of organism on the coral reefs in the Bahamas, why? ...
Species Selection: Theory and Data
... Complex systems naturally fall into hierarchies. Among the many hierarchies found in biological systems, the one incorporating genes, bodies, populations, species, and clades has incited the greatest controversy, centering on the dynamics of units at different levels and the consequences. Selfish or ...
... Complex systems naturally fall into hierarchies. Among the many hierarchies found in biological systems, the one incorporating genes, bodies, populations, species, and clades has incited the greatest controversy, centering on the dynamics of units at different levels and the consequences. Selfish or ...
Dr Geist Predators And Us
... continent free of humans for nearly 50,000 years, till – for reasons still disputed – America’s megafauna declined, and over about 6000 years went largely extinct. Even then the increase in humans, as tracked by the number of hearth discovered per 1000 years, increases very slowly. Moreover, it is i ...
... continent free of humans for nearly 50,000 years, till – for reasons still disputed – America’s megafauna declined, and over about 6000 years went largely extinct. Even then the increase in humans, as tracked by the number of hearth discovered per 1000 years, increases very slowly. Moreover, it is i ...
Extinctions in Ecological Communities – Alva Curtsdotter
... In the dawning of what may become Earth’s 6th mass extinction the topic of this thesis, understanding extinction processes and what determines the magnitude of species loss, has become only too relevant. The number of known extinctions (~850) during the last centuries translates to extinction rates ...
... In the dawning of what may become Earth’s 6th mass extinction the topic of this thesis, understanding extinction processes and what determines the magnitude of species loss, has become only too relevant. The number of known extinctions (~850) during the last centuries translates to extinction rates ...
Climate and Mammals - Stanford University
... throughout the Cenozoic (see Figure 1 for geologic time scale terminology), primarily because of their exceptionally good fossil record, but also because they provide a relevant exemplar system, in that they (a) already exhibit clear effects of anthropogenic climatic change (e.g., Beever et al. 2003 ...
... throughout the Cenozoic (see Figure 1 for geologic time scale terminology), primarily because of their exceptionally good fossil record, but also because they provide a relevant exemplar system, in that they (a) already exhibit clear effects of anthropogenic climatic change (e.g., Beever et al. 2003 ...
“The History And Future Of Island Conservation In A Snail Shell”
... 2007) as Homo sapiens began to move into isolated regions, placing new pressures on endemic, range restricted wildlife, including bird (Steadman; 1995, 1989) and reptile species (Foufopoulos and Ives, 1999). Islands remain at the crest of the extinction wave through colonial expansion and into the a ...
... 2007) as Homo sapiens began to move into isolated regions, placing new pressures on endemic, range restricted wildlife, including bird (Steadman; 1995, 1989) and reptile species (Foufopoulos and Ives, 1999). Islands remain at the crest of the extinction wave through colonial expansion and into the a ...
Extinction and the zoogeography of West Indian land mammals
... biogeography have addressed plate tectonics and its bearing on the geological and biogeographic history of the islands (Hedges, 1982; Buskirk, 1985). Rosen (1975) proposed a vicariance model whereby the West Indian fauna and flora were derived from an ancestral mainland biota that occupied a proto-A ...
... biogeography have addressed plate tectonics and its bearing on the geological and biogeographic history of the islands (Hedges, 1982; Buskirk, 1985). Rosen (1975) proposed a vicariance model whereby the West Indian fauna and flora were derived from an ancestral mainland biota that occupied a proto-A ...
7th Annual EFJ Public Lecture - The Environmental Foundation of
... natural extinctions, meaning that they were not a result of human interference, but rather, resulted from long-term changes in climate, or in other natural processes. Just as the dinosaurs went extinct, so too did a myriad of other species – long before us humans entered the scene. But past rates of ...
... natural extinctions, meaning that they were not a result of human interference, but rather, resulted from long-term changes in climate, or in other natural processes. Just as the dinosaurs went extinct, so too did a myriad of other species – long before us humans entered the scene. But past rates of ...
Population spatial structure, human
... the quality of habitat within an area, the smaller the local populations will be and this will lower the probability of local population survival. Small local population sizes have the additional effect of reducing dispersal rates among local populations thereby altering population spatial structure ...
... the quality of habitat within an area, the smaller the local populations will be and this will lower the probability of local population survival. Small local population sizes have the additional effect of reducing dispersal rates among local populations thereby altering population spatial structure ...
Species functional redundancy, random extinctions and the stability
... effect if all species have similar functions, but a major effect if each carries different functions. 2 We provide a probabilistic framework that, from any distribution of species number across functional groups, generates specific predictions of how functional groups are lost when species become ra ...
... effect if all species have similar functions, but a major effect if each carries different functions. 2 We provide a probabilistic framework that, from any distribution of species number across functional groups, generates specific predictions of how functional groups are lost when species become ra ...
Has The Human Species Become A Cancer On The Planet
... human destruction of the global ecosystem. Small scale human assaults on the environment had little or no lasting impact during the early Pleistocene, but local and ...
... human destruction of the global ecosystem. Small scale human assaults on the environment had little or no lasting impact during the early Pleistocene, but local and ...
Biodiversity in grasslands: current changes and scenarios for the
... Grasslands, in common with other major biomes, are experiencing the effects of major global changes. There are various possible scenarios of change in biodiversity for the next century, according to the report by Sala et al. (2000). The report discusses the sensitivity of biomes to the different glo ...
... Grasslands, in common with other major biomes, are experiencing the effects of major global changes. There are various possible scenarios of change in biodiversity for the next century, according to the report by Sala et al. (2000). The report discusses the sensitivity of biomes to the different glo ...
Holocene extinction
The Holocene extinction, sometimes called the Sixth Extinction, is a name proposed to describe the currently ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch (since around 10,000 BCE) mainly due to human activity. The large number of extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods. Although 875 extinctions occurring between 1500 and 2009 have been documented by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, the vast majority are undocumented. According to the species-area theory and based on upper-bound estimating, the present rate of extinction may be up to 140,000 species per year.The Holocene extinction includes the disappearance of large mammals known as megafauna, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago, the end of the last Ice Age. This may have been due to the extinction of the mammoths whose habits had maintained grasslands which became birch forests without them. The new forest and the resulting forest fires may have induced climate change. Such disappearances might be the result of the proliferation of modern humans. These extinctions, occurring near the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary, are sometimes referred to as the Quaternary extinction event. The Holocene extinction continues into the 21st century.There is no general agreement on whether to consider this as part of the Quaternary extinction event, or as a distinct event resulting from human-caused changes. Only during the most recent parts of the extinction have plants also suffered large losses. Overall, the Holocene extinction can be characterized by the human impact on the environment.