Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function
... impacts of biodiversity loss might be sufficiently large to rival the impacts of many other global drivers of environmental change Because the BEF relationship is nonlinear the exact ranking of diversity relative to other drivers will depend on the magnitude of biodiversity loss, as well as magnit ...
... impacts of biodiversity loss might be sufficiently large to rival the impacts of many other global drivers of environmental change Because the BEF relationship is nonlinear the exact ranking of diversity relative to other drivers will depend on the magnitude of biodiversity loss, as well as magnit ...
The complexity of amphibian population declines
... are occurring at unprecedented rates.1 Some scientists believe that we are observing a major extinction episode mirroring the five mass extinction events that have occurred during the Earth’s history.2 Despite widespread interest in understanding extinctions and the recognition that population decli ...
... are occurring at unprecedented rates.1 Some scientists believe that we are observing a major extinction episode mirroring the five mass extinction events that have occurred during the Earth’s history.2 Despite widespread interest in understanding extinctions and the recognition that population decli ...
Pages 304-308 - KSU Web Home
... The current mass extinction (6th) is human caused • During this Quaternary period, we may lose more than half of all species - Hundreds of human-induced species extinctions, and multitudes of others on the brink of extinction ...
... The current mass extinction (6th) is human caused • During this Quaternary period, we may lose more than half of all species - Hundreds of human-induced species extinctions, and multitudes of others on the brink of extinction ...
Aurochs and Bison – natural range and habitat selection, de
... - human pressure in Southern and Western Europe was lower than in Central Europe - no explanation why bison’s range severely curtailed by humans prior to 8000 BP, but then maintained stable for the next 5000 years, although human pressure rose substantially during that time - no European bison remai ...
... - human pressure in Southern and Western Europe was lower than in Central Europe - no explanation why bison’s range severely curtailed by humans prior to 8000 BP, but then maintained stable for the next 5000 years, although human pressure rose substantially during that time - no European bison remai ...
Volume 4 Number 1 May 2009 - Flinders University Palaeontology
... around 85MA, with all occurring by 75MA, well before the K/T event of 65.5MA. Furthermore, it appears that diversity appeared to slow over this crucial period, with limited speciation until the early Eocene (~50MA) and onwards. Bucking this trend however are the marsupial and monotreme families, whi ...
... around 85MA, with all occurring by 75MA, well before the K/T event of 65.5MA. Furthermore, it appears that diversity appeared to slow over this crucial period, with limited speciation until the early Eocene (~50MA) and onwards. Bucking this trend however are the marsupial and monotreme families, whi ...
Choosing appropriate temporal and spatial scales for ecological
... university officials gathered in a barn on the south edge of Madison and officially dedicated the University of Wisconsin Arboretum and Wild Life Refuge. The university had acquired five hundred acres of typical postsettlement Wisconsin farmland: pasturelands, grazed woodlots, plowed prairie, marshe ...
... university officials gathered in a barn on the south edge of Madison and officially dedicated the University of Wisconsin Arboretum and Wild Life Refuge. The university had acquired five hundred acres of typical postsettlement Wisconsin farmland: pasturelands, grazed woodlots, plowed prairie, marshe ...
The role of biotic forces in driving macroevolution: beyond the Red
... dependence of fitness, a limitation these models shared with other coevolutionary models of that time (discussed in [37,41,42]). Other early models featured trait evolution, and showed (not surprisingly) that predators and victims would evolve more and more extreme arms levels if the improvements we ...
... dependence of fitness, a limitation these models shared with other coevolutionary models of that time (discussed in [37,41,42]). Other early models featured trait evolution, and showed (not surprisingly) that predators and victims would evolve more and more extreme arms levels if the improvements we ...
BioScience - Oxford Academic
... integral to the success of humankind, who have been exploiting the genetic diversity of plants and animals for over 12,000 years (Driscoll et al. 2009). Success, however, has come at a cost: As a consequence of human-driven environmental change (the Anthropocene), the Earth is now experiencing massi ...
... integral to the success of humankind, who have been exploiting the genetic diversity of plants and animals for over 12,000 years (Driscoll et al. 2009). Success, however, has come at a cost: As a consequence of human-driven environmental change (the Anthropocene), the Earth is now experiencing massi ...
Ecological Role of Predators - National Wolfwatcher Coalition
... management goals. For instance, undetected mortality of juveniles following adult mortality can lead to unsustainable off-take, whereas loss of livestock can increase following the removal of carnivores, by promoting the arrival of other individuals or denser populations of competitor species (see T ...
... management goals. For instance, undetected mortality of juveniles following adult mortality can lead to unsustainable off-take, whereas loss of livestock can increase following the removal of carnivores, by promoting the arrival of other individuals or denser populations of competitor species (see T ...
The relationships between net primary productivity, human
... density, focussing particularly on protected areas. An initial exploration into the implications of the NPP-population density relationship for regional conservation strategies is provided. Results Human population density increases with NPP suggesting that available energy may be a key driving forc ...
... density, focussing particularly on protected areas. An initial exploration into the implications of the NPP-population density relationship for regional conservation strategies is provided. Results Human population density increases with NPP suggesting that available energy may be a key driving forc ...
Global amphibian declines: sorting the hypotheses - Collins Lab
... diseases we have a poor, but improving understanding of how each might cause declines. Class II factors involve complex and subtle mechanistic underpinnings, with probable interactions among multiple ecological and evolutionary variables. They may also interact with class I hypotheses. Suspected mec ...
... diseases we have a poor, but improving understanding of how each might cause declines. Class II factors involve complex and subtle mechanistic underpinnings, with probable interactions among multiple ecological and evolutionary variables. They may also interact with class I hypotheses. Suspected mec ...
Inverse density dependence and the Allee effect
... Causes of inverse density dependence The Allee effect strictly refers to inverse density dependence at low density. Factors involved in generating inverse density dependence are numerous and have been described for most major animal taxa3. These factors can be classified into three main categories4. ...
... Causes of inverse density dependence The Allee effect strictly refers to inverse density dependence at low density. Factors involved in generating inverse density dependence are numerous and have been described for most major animal taxa3. These factors can be classified into three main categories4. ...
chapter 17: the history of life
... Changes in climate most frequently associated with past mass extinctions Catastrophic events: volcanic eruptions ...
... Changes in climate most frequently associated with past mass extinctions Catastrophic events: volcanic eruptions ...
Metapopulation Ecology - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary
... population studies keep track of the number of individuals as determined by births and deaths, in metapopulation studies, we keep track of the number of local populations as governed by local colonisations and extinctions. The concept of a metapopulation should simplify our understanding of the over ...
... population studies keep track of the number of individuals as determined by births and deaths, in metapopulation studies, we keep track of the number of local populations as governed by local colonisations and extinctions. The concept of a metapopulation should simplify our understanding of the over ...
Short communication Establishing extinction dates
... probable that by his time only one flightless bird was present, in local parlance known as ‘dodaers’, so that is what he too called it – but it is more likely to have been the Red Hen than the Dodo. This is supported by applying Roberts and Solow’s (2003) statistical technique to the series of dates ...
... probable that by his time only one flightless bird was present, in local parlance known as ‘dodaers’, so that is what he too called it – but it is more likely to have been the Red Hen than the Dodo. This is supported by applying Roberts and Solow’s (2003) statistical technique to the series of dates ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Bacterial colonization and extinction on marine aggregates
... and physical processes such as the sinking rate of particles with a contribution from bacterial swimming (Kiørboe et al. 2002; Grossart et al. 2003b). Colonization therefore depends on aggregate size and background bacterial density. This deterministic model has been found to describe well the abund ...
... and physical processes such as the sinking rate of particles with a contribution from bacterial swimming (Kiørboe et al. 2002; Grossart et al. 2003b). Colonization therefore depends on aggregate size and background bacterial density. This deterministic model has been found to describe well the abund ...
Theoretical and empirical studies on population dynamics, species
... The first studies of population dynamics are at least as old as the findings of Fibonacci in the XIII century for the increase of rabbit populations (Sigler 2002). The field evolved since then until the 1920’s, when Alfred Lotka and Vito Volterra proposed independently a pair of first order nonlinea ...
... The first studies of population dynamics are at least as old as the findings of Fibonacci in the XIII century for the increase of rabbit populations (Sigler 2002). The field evolved since then until the 1920’s, when Alfred Lotka and Vito Volterra proposed independently a pair of first order nonlinea ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 311:273
... functioning. For example, it is possible that fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 may have been driven almost entirely by the biosphere over the last 370 million yr (Rothman 2001). This implies that human dominance over the biosphere, either directly by changes in the mass of living organisms or indirec ...
... functioning. For example, it is possible that fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 may have been driven almost entirely by the biosphere over the last 370 million yr (Rothman 2001). This implies that human dominance over the biosphere, either directly by changes in the mass of living organisms or indirec ...
Evolution, ecology and biochronology of herbivore associations in
... mammal dispersal events in Europe is interesting and rather complex. Asian and African species that entered Europe have evolved in different zoogeographical contexts and according to different evolutionary and ecological strategies. The modern communities of herbivores, especially the thoroughly stu ...
... mammal dispersal events in Europe is interesting and rather complex. Asian and African species that entered Europe have evolved in different zoogeographical contexts and according to different evolutionary and ecological strategies. The modern communities of herbivores, especially the thoroughly stu ...
Threats to Biodiversity - Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
... natural resources began to dramatically outstrip natural rates of replacement. Thus, humans have had enormous impacts on the form and diversity of ecosystems. Ultimately, we have set in motion the sixth great mass extinction event in the history of the Earth—and the only one caused by a living speci ...
... natural resources began to dramatically outstrip natural rates of replacement. Thus, humans have had enormous impacts on the form and diversity of ecosystems. Ultimately, we have set in motion the sixth great mass extinction event in the history of the Earth—and the only one caused by a living speci ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Drivers of Geographic Variation in
... The past decade or so has seen an explosion of new data on species distributions and finescale maps of climatic and environmental variables plus enormous advances in reconstructing the tree of life. Integrations of biogeographic and phylogenetic data have given new resolution to the distribution pat ...
... The past decade or so has seen an explosion of new data on species distributions and finescale maps of climatic and environmental variables plus enormous advances in reconstructing the tree of life. Integrations of biogeographic and phylogenetic data have given new resolution to the distribution pat ...
Chapter 12 - FacultyWeb
... – opened up vast areas of shallow seas – that could be inhabited • The movement of continents – affected oceanic circulation patterns – as well as causing environmental changes This one slide says it all….. ...
... – opened up vast areas of shallow seas – that could be inhabited • The movement of continents – affected oceanic circulation patterns – as well as causing environmental changes This one slide says it all….. ...
Holocene extinction
The Holocene extinction, sometimes called the Sixth Extinction, is a name proposed to describe the currently ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch (since around 10,000 BCE) mainly due to human activity. The large number of extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods. Although 875 extinctions occurring between 1500 and 2009 have been documented by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, the vast majority are undocumented. According to the species-area theory and based on upper-bound estimating, the present rate of extinction may be up to 140,000 species per year.The Holocene extinction includes the disappearance of large mammals known as megafauna, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago, the end of the last Ice Age. This may have been due to the extinction of the mammoths whose habits had maintained grasslands which became birch forests without them. The new forest and the resulting forest fires may have induced climate change. Such disappearances might be the result of the proliferation of modern humans. These extinctions, occurring near the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary, are sometimes referred to as the Quaternary extinction event. The Holocene extinction continues into the 21st century.There is no general agreement on whether to consider this as part of the Quaternary extinction event, or as a distinct event resulting from human-caused changes. Only during the most recent parts of the extinction have plants also suffered large losses. Overall, the Holocene extinction can be characterized by the human impact on the environment.