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Gene Structure
Gene Structure

... Prokaryotic and yeast genes are normally regulated by cis-elements that are located in relative close proximity (200 bp) to the gene. Higher eukaryotic cells often utilize DNA regulatory elements that can be located far away from the genes, either upstream or downstream, or even within introns of ge ...
Molecules of life
Molecules of life

... Very large complex organic molecules that store and carry information in a cell. NOT required nutrient DNA – contains Genetic code RNA – copies code and makes proteins ...
the brochure for this webinar
the brochure for this webinar

... Beate Peter, Ph.D., CCC-SLP, is Assistant Professor of Speech and Hearing Science at Arizona State University. Her graduate training and clinical practice focused on speech-language pathology, whereas her postdoctoral training was completed in medical and statistical genetics. With this interdiscipl ...
Chp 7 DNA Structure and Gene Function 1
Chp 7 DNA Structure and Gene Function 1

... 2.  What is the relationship between a gene and a protein? 3.  What are the steps of translation? 4.  Where in the cell does translation occur? 5.  What are the types of mutations, and how does each alter the encoded protein? ...
Genes, Protein Synthesis, and Mutations
Genes, Protein Synthesis, and Mutations

... 1. Often these errors occur in the code when a molecule of DNA makes a copy of itself. a. There are 3 ways mutations can occur: 1. deletion = occurs when a base pair is left out. 2. insertion = occurs when an extra base pair is added. 3. substitution = occurs when the wrong base pair is used instead ...
DNA RNA protein DNA REPLICATION
DNA RNA protein DNA REPLICATION

... chromosomes, and each cell has two copies of the genetic material. This is known collectively as the human genome. The human genome contains around 30 000 genes, each of which codes for one protein.! Large stretches of DNA in the human genome are transcribed but do not code for proteins. These regio ...
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... nucleotides instead of the two strands found in DNA 2. RNA nucleotides contain the fivecarbon sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose, which is found in DNA nucleotides 3. In addition to the A, G, and C nitrogen bases found in DNA, RNA nucleotides can have a nitrogen base called uracil (U) ...
Mapping Mutations in the HIV RNA
Mapping Mutations in the HIV RNA

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EXAM EXPECTATIONS MYP Biology

... STATE that cell division is necessary for proper development STATE that cell division is the basis for both sexual and asexual reproduction STATE that cell division can produce an entirely new organism STATE that cell division is necessary to continue life STATE the role of centromeres STATE that as ...
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... A. Both cell types carry out transcription in the nucleus. B. Both cell types use ribosomes to carry out translation. C. Both cell types assemble amino acids to carry out transcription. D. Both cell types carry out translation in the endoplasmic reticulum. 26. The endoplasmic reticulum is a network ...
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DNA, RNA, Proteins

... _______ are sometimes called “jumping genes” and are involved in increasing mutation rates when an organism is stressed. ...
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... 13. Let’s say that you are a family physician, and you have noticed that during the last few days many more patients have complained of stomach cramps and intestinal “flu” than you would expect for this time of year. You take samples from these patients and isolate a single-celled organism that has ...
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... • Genes that are carried on the X chromosome are called Sex-linked genes. • Traits determined by sex-linked genes are called sexlinked traits. • Because of this, sex-linked traits are most often seen in males who only have one copy of the X ...
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... are not translated into proteins. Another set of genes produces transcripts (the snRNAs or the small nuclear RNAs) that are also not translated but are essential for the processing (splicing) of the intron containing precursor RNAs. It was also found that eukaryotes have a number of different DNA-de ...
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... 18. What is a sex-linked disorder? A disorder controlled by genes on a sex chromosome 19. Explain X-linked inheritance. . When a defective gene is carried on the X chromosome; passed along from mother 20. Explain Y-linked inheritance. When a defective gene is carried on the X chromosome; passed alon ...
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... • Greek philosophers suggested that life might have changed gradually over time – but Aristotle – viewed species as fixed and said that life-forms could be arranged on a ladder of increasing complexity = scalae naturae ...
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... 1. In the 1940's, scientists knew that chromosomes consisted of DNA and protein. Given the great amount, and the diversity, of heritable information known to be passed from parent to offspring, most researchers thought that proteins must be the genetic material. Why do you think they thought that? ( ...
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... f. Abnormal cell division i. Cancer – abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth and division. Kills an organism by crowding out healthy cells. Spend less time than normal in interphase, go immediately into mitosis (cell cycle is broken down) ii. Tumor- mass of cells iii. Malignant tumor- tumor that invades ...
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... Elie S. Dolgin and Brian Charlesworth In sexual populations, transposable elements (TEs) can be contained by purifying selection. However, an asexual population could potentially be driven to extinction by an unchecked proliferation of TEs. Here the authors provide a theoretical framework for analyz ...
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Gene Section RNF139 (translocation in renal carcinoma, chromosome 8 gene)

... The TRC8 gene covers 13.96 kb. The gene contains 2 confirmed introns, 2 of which are alternative. The gene showed similarity to the hereditary basal cell carcinoma/segment polarity gene, 'patched' (PTCH) This similarity involved 2 regions of 'patched,' the putative sterol-sensing domain and the seco ...
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Vectors in gene therapy

Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).
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