chapter 13 meiosis and sexual life cycles
... Every living species has a characteristic number of chromosomes. Humans have 46 chromosomes in almost all of their cells. Each chromosome consists of a single DNA molecule associated with various proteins. Each chromosome has hundreds or thousands of genes, each at a specific location, its l ...
... Every living species has a characteristic number of chromosomes. Humans have 46 chromosomes in almost all of their cells. Each chromosome consists of a single DNA molecule associated with various proteins. Each chromosome has hundreds or thousands of genes, each at a specific location, its l ...
Secondary Leukemia Associated With The Anti-Cancer Agent
... secondary leukemia. In 1987, Ratain et al. first propounded the relationship between etoposide and secondary leukemia when it was used as a therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer [2]. Subsequently, several investigators reported secondary leukemias, particularly acute myelogenous leukemia ( ...
... secondary leukemia. In 1987, Ratain et al. first propounded the relationship between etoposide and secondary leukemia when it was used as a therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer [2]. Subsequently, several investigators reported secondary leukemias, particularly acute myelogenous leukemia ( ...
Engineered bacteriophage-defence systems in bioprocessing
... groups, they displayed similar gene-expression patterns. Phage DT1 possesses 18 early-, 12 middle- and 12 late-expressed genes, whereas phage 2972 has 16 early-, 11 middle- and 14 late-expressed genes. In both phages, all of the early-expressed genes were adjacent to one another and comprised the pu ...
... groups, they displayed similar gene-expression patterns. Phage DT1 possesses 18 early-, 12 middle- and 12 late-expressed genes, whereas phage 2972 has 16 early-, 11 middle- and 14 late-expressed genes. In both phages, all of the early-expressed genes were adjacent to one another and comprised the pu ...
Chapter 8
... variation amongst the genes that these cells contain. Consider a human cell, with two sets of 23 chromosomes, 46 in all. There are two chromosome 1s, two chromosome 2s and so on. One of each pair came from the father, and one from the mother. Both of the chromosomes of a homologous pair carry genes ...
... variation amongst the genes that these cells contain. Consider a human cell, with two sets of 23 chromosomes, 46 in all. There are two chromosome 1s, two chromosome 2s and so on. One of each pair came from the father, and one from the mother. Both of the chromosomes of a homologous pair carry genes ...
Evolution at the Subgene Level: Domain Rearrangements in
... FIG. 1. Relationship between species trees, gene trees, and architecture scenarios. (A ) Gene sequences are compared across species, and a multiple sequence alignment is constructed. Due to the presence of domains or complicated evolutionary mechanisms, these alignments may have a block structure in ...
... FIG. 1. Relationship between species trees, gene trees, and architecture scenarios. (A ) Gene sequences are compared across species, and a multiple sequence alignment is constructed. Due to the presence of domains or complicated evolutionary mechanisms, these alignments may have a block structure in ...
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... wound infection suggested that besides known virulence factors, there may be additional factors yet uncharacterized involved in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa. Another possibility that may lead a QS deficient strain to cause infection is the presence of multiple P. aeruginosa strains in the infec ...
... wound infection suggested that besides known virulence factors, there may be additional factors yet uncharacterized involved in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa. Another possibility that may lead a QS deficient strain to cause infection is the presence of multiple P. aeruginosa strains in the infec ...
the cordyceps sinensis medicinal mushroom
... has searched for healing ingredients to concoct the ultimate panacea—a cure-all. One of the most sought-after ingredients was Cordyceps, a substance so revered that it was exclusively reserved for use by royalty in ancient China. Chemical analyses have shown that its allegedly remarkable properties ...
... has searched for healing ingredients to concoct the ultimate panacea—a cure-all. One of the most sought-after ingredients was Cordyceps, a substance so revered that it was exclusively reserved for use by royalty in ancient China. Chemical analyses have shown that its allegedly remarkable properties ...
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... triggers for many of the processes within cells. Proteins help determine traits. • Help from RNA Another type of molecule that helps make proteins is called RNA, or ribonucleic acid. RNA is so similar to DNA that RNA can serve as a temporary copy of a DNA sequence. ...
... triggers for many of the processes within cells. Proteins help determine traits. • Help from RNA Another type of molecule that helps make proteins is called RNA, or ribonucleic acid. RNA is so similar to DNA that RNA can serve as a temporary copy of a DNA sequence. ...
Physiology A Little Bit Extra Polydactyl cats have extra toes, often on
... and humans. In cats, all four feet are affected most of the time. the offspring will show polydactyly. "The polydactyly trait probably arose as a spontaneous mutation, and a polydactyl kitten from two normal-toed parents may represent a new mutation event," explains Dr. Pflueger. The gene for polyda ...
... and humans. In cats, all four feet are affected most of the time. the offspring will show polydactyly. "The polydactyly trait probably arose as a spontaneous mutation, and a polydactyl kitten from two normal-toed parents may represent a new mutation event," explains Dr. Pflueger. The gene for polyda ...
Pax1/Pax9-Related Genes in an Agnathan Vertebrate, Lampetra
... amino acids (Fig. 3). In addition to the paired domain, this clone also included octapeptides, but not the homeodomain, showing the structural features characteristic of Pax1/Pax9-related (Group I) genes. Analyses of the amino acid sequence with other group Pax genes as well as Group I genes of C. e ...
... amino acids (Fig. 3). In addition to the paired domain, this clone also included octapeptides, but not the homeodomain, showing the structural features characteristic of Pax1/Pax9-related (Group I) genes. Analyses of the amino acid sequence with other group Pax genes as well as Group I genes of C. e ...
Genetic and Genomic Influences
... Completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 heralded the dawn of the genomic era of health care. It has long been known that some diseases occur due to specific gene defects. Genetic diseases have traditionally been thought of as inherited diseases caused by a defect in a single gene. While “typi ...
... Completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 heralded the dawn of the genomic era of health care. It has long been known that some diseases occur due to specific gene defects. Genetic diseases have traditionally been thought of as inherited diseases caused by a defect in a single gene. While “typi ...
Putative Roles of Planar Cell Polarity Proteins in the Establishment
... Cell polarity in development and disease ........................................................... - 5 Establishment of asymmetry by competitive polarity complexes...................... - 6 A global tissue polarity cue connects cells to the axis of the body...................... - 8 PCP establishm ...
... Cell polarity in development and disease ........................................................... - 5 Establishment of asymmetry by competitive polarity complexes...................... - 6 A global tissue polarity cue connects cells to the axis of the body...................... - 8 PCP establishm ...
Characterization of Star and its interactions with
... A 2865 bp SnaB1-DraI restriction fragment from K2C, containing the entire 1796 bp Star ORF, 347 bp of 3′ untranslated sequences, and 722 bp of 5′ untranslated sequences was cloned into a modified Bluescript (Stratagene) vector that allows for the Star sequences to be isolated as a single KpnI restri ...
... A 2865 bp SnaB1-DraI restriction fragment from K2C, containing the entire 1796 bp Star ORF, 347 bp of 3′ untranslated sequences, and 722 bp of 5′ untranslated sequences was cloned into a modified Bluescript (Stratagene) vector that allows for the Star sequences to be isolated as a single KpnI restri ...
Mitochondrial complex I deficiency: from organelle
... NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase or complex I is the largest and most complicated one. During recent years, mutations in nuclear genes encoding structural subunits of complex I have been identified as a cause of devastating neurodegenerative disorders with onset in early childhood. Here, we present a c ...
... NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase or complex I is the largest and most complicated one. During recent years, mutations in nuclear genes encoding structural subunits of complex I have been identified as a cause of devastating neurodegenerative disorders with onset in early childhood. Here, we present a c ...
Gene list - Bioinformatics.ca
... if only portion of the total gene complement is queried (or available for annotation), only use that population as background. • To test for enrichment of more than one independent types of annotation (red vs black and circle vs square), apply Fisher’s exact test separately for each type. ***More on ...
... if only portion of the total gene complement is queried (or available for annotation), only use that population as background. • To test for enrichment of more than one independent types of annotation (red vs black and circle vs square), apply Fisher’s exact test separately for each type. ***More on ...
Looking for a strong promoter for Physcomitrella
... The 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus is a strong and constitutive promoter that is widely used in plant systems. However, in the moss Physcomitrella patens, its promoter strength is weak or all but silent in the dark.1 Therefore, it is necessary to find promoters that show higher express ...
... The 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus is a strong and constitutive promoter that is widely used in plant systems. However, in the moss Physcomitrella patens, its promoter strength is weak or all but silent in the dark.1 Therefore, it is necessary to find promoters that show higher express ...
Genes in conflict: the biology of selfish genetic elements
... slow mixing in the zygote (Jensen et al. 2000). The evolution of these characters may have occurred partly to prevent selection for selfish mitochondrial mutants (Hurst and Hamilton 1992). An even better way to limit within-organism mitochondrial selection is to ensure that only one parent transmits ...
... slow mixing in the zygote (Jensen et al. 2000). The evolution of these characters may have occurred partly to prevent selection for selfish mitochondrial mutants (Hurst and Hamilton 1992). An even better way to limit within-organism mitochondrial selection is to ensure that only one parent transmits ...
Identical mutations in RAG1 or RAG2 genes leading
... The diversity of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors (TCRs) is mediated by the somatic recombination of genes encoding variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) segments by a mechanism known as V(D)J recombination.1 The RAG1 and RAG2 proteins, the expression of which is restricted to immature ly ...
... The diversity of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors (TCRs) is mediated by the somatic recombination of genes encoding variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) segments by a mechanism known as V(D)J recombination.1 The RAG1 and RAG2 proteins, the expression of which is restricted to immature ly ...
TBK1 Gene Duplication and Normal
... sum of these data strongly suggest that duplication of TBK1 causes 0.4% to 1.3% of NTG cases.18,19 However, animal and/or functional studies will be required to definitively prove that chromosome 12q14 duplications cause NTG by altering the function of TBK1 rather than through effects on other neigh ...
... sum of these data strongly suggest that duplication of TBK1 causes 0.4% to 1.3% of NTG cases.18,19 However, animal and/or functional studies will be required to definitively prove that chromosome 12q14 duplications cause NTG by altering the function of TBK1 rather than through effects on other neigh ...
Comprehensive and Rapid Genotyping of Mutations - HAL
... condition and the use of universal priming in cycle sequencing. All PCR primers had to be redesigned due to the presence of the M13 linker sequence. In another assay [26], the CFTR gene was amplified in 30 amplicons with external primers and then sequenced using internal primers in 96-well plates. R ...
... condition and the use of universal priming in cycle sequencing. All PCR primers had to be redesigned due to the presence of the M13 linker sequence. In another assay [26], the CFTR gene was amplified in 30 amplicons with external primers and then sequenced using internal primers in 96-well plates. R ...
Transcription and Translation RNA
... The ribosomal subunits are named according to their Svedberg coefficients (S). This is a unit of measure that describes the sedimentation rate of a particle in a centrifuge. It is particularly useful with very large macromolecular complexes. The greater the mass the larger is the Svedberg coefficien ...
... The ribosomal subunits are named according to their Svedberg coefficients (S). This is a unit of measure that describes the sedimentation rate of a particle in a centrifuge. It is particularly useful with very large macromolecular complexes. The greater the mass the larger is the Svedberg coefficien ...
Protocadherin-1: epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma and eczema Grissel Faura Tellez
... needed to provide more robust evidence of these associations (table 1). Finally, the lack of association with specific or total IgE levels or with allergic asthma [6] suggests that PCDH1 is relevant to non-IgE-mediated mechanisms of disease susceptibility. Consequently, the contribution of PCDH1 to ...
... needed to provide more robust evidence of these associations (table 1). Finally, the lack of association with specific or total IgE levels or with allergic asthma [6] suggests that PCDH1 is relevant to non-IgE-mediated mechanisms of disease susceptibility. Consequently, the contribution of PCDH1 to ...
Dynamics and control of DNA sequence amplification
... operating conditions is required. However, in the absence of such a dynamic model, the operating conditions for PCR reactions are typically selected based on analysis of reaction thermodynamics, and, to a lesser extent, qualitative analysis of reaction kinetics. Reductions in cycle efficiency (eithe ...
... operating conditions is required. However, in the absence of such a dynamic model, the operating conditions for PCR reactions are typically selected based on analysis of reaction thermodynamics, and, to a lesser extent, qualitative analysis of reaction kinetics. Reductions in cycle efficiency (eithe ...
MHF1 plays Fanconi anaemia complementation group M protein
... exhibit meiotic defects similar to those of fancm mutants in A. thaliana. Therefore, we analysed the meiotic stages of DAPI-stained chromosome spreads from mhf1-1 and mhf1-2 pollen mother cells and WT cells that were undergoing meiosis using fluorescence microscopy. In the pachytene stage, the DAPI- ...
... exhibit meiotic defects similar to those of fancm mutants in A. thaliana. Therefore, we analysed the meiotic stages of DAPI-stained chromosome spreads from mhf1-1 and mhf1-2 pollen mother cells and WT cells that were undergoing meiosis using fluorescence microscopy. In the pachytene stage, the DAPI- ...